雪峰山西侧地区陡山沱组层序地层划分及沉积体系展布北大核心CSCD

埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组发育的厚层炭质页岩为寻找页岩气的有利层位。根据岩芯观察、野外剖面实测和室内镜下岩石薄片鉴定分析,并结合各种沉积相标志研究,确定研究区陡山沱组主要发育浅水型碳酸盐岩台地沉积,进一步划分为碳酸盐岩台地相、斜坡相及若干亚相。以Vail的层序地层学理论为指导,通过以岩性—岩相转换界面为主的层序界面识别,确定陡山沱组发育3个Ⅲ级层序,每个层序可划分出TST和HST两个沉积体系域。在沉积相和层序地层学分析的基础上,编制了岩相古地理图并对其演化特征进行了分析。不同沉积背景下的烃源岩其有机质特征存在明显的差异性,说明岩相古地理对烃源岩的发育和分布具有重要的控制作用。结合各相带烃源岩物性特征,认为台内盆地相为陡山陀组最有利页岩气勘探地区。     

华南埃迪卡拉(震旦)系陡山沱组生物地层学研究的新进展

本文重点介绍华南地区埃迪卡拉(震旦)系陡山沱组生物地层学研究的新进展:(1)贵州江口陡山沱组上部黑色页岩中发现保存完美的八辐射螺旋结构的埃迪卡拉型动物化石--八臂仙母虫,首次确立陡山沱组上部庙河生物群层位有埃迪卡拉型动物化石的存在,为该层位与澳大利亚典型埃迪卡拉动物群层位对比提供了重要证据.(2)陡山沱组第二段首次发现有饰天柱山藻,确立了陡山沱组中下部出现的以Tianzhushania属为特征的具刺疑源类下组合带,为同期地层的对比提供了新依据.(3)在峡东地区陡山沱组第三段发现以Tanarium属为特征的具刺疑源类上组合带,它们与断面呈圆形和方形的管状化石共生,层位稳定,分布广泛.这些新古生物的发现,不仅进一步完善了我国埃迪卡拉(震旦)系陡山沱组的生物地层序列,而且为解决全球埃迪卡拉系划分和对比提供了可靠的古生物依据.     

峡东埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组稳定碳同位素记录及其年代地层意义

基于峡东秭归青林口、泗溪和宜昌晓峰河埃迪卡拉系下部陡山沱组剖面岩石、层序和精细的碳同位素地层研究,在埃迪卡拉系下部陡山沱组底部、下部、中部、上部和顶部分别识别出5次以灰岩出现或黑色页岩增厚为标志的海侵事件,划分出5个可以进行区域对比的三级层序,自下而上分别命名为BDSS,LDSS,MDSS,UDSS和TDSS。以层序界面为对比标志,峡东埃迪卡拉纪不同古地理部位碳同位素组成变化的对比显示峡东埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组中内部发育5次可以进行区域乃至全球对比的碳同位素负异常,分别是分布在BDSS下部的SN1,LDSS上部的SN2,MDSS上部和顶部的SN3和SN4,以及分布在UDSS上部的SN5。其中SN1和SN4碳同位素负偏离最为明显,最小δ13C分别达到-4‰~-5‰和-9‰~-10‰,分别与Marinoan冰期上覆盖帽白云岩以及Gaskier冰碛沉积上、下地层中的碳同位素组成特点接近。SN4是埃迪卡拉系最晚冰期的产物。与SN1是埃迪卡拉系底界划分对比的标志相对比,SN4的出现应该是埃迪卡拉系内部再划分中另一个不可忽视的界线标志。     

重庆城口震旦系下统陡山沱组层序地层分析

重庆城口震旦系下统陡山沱组共分两段,主要发育浅海陆棚沉积相,包括过渡相和滨外陆棚两个微相。对区内钻井剖面及露头剖面进行分析,识别出岩性岩相转换面、陡山沱组与观音崖组之间界面两种层序界面类型,将陡山沱组划分为4个Ⅱ型三级层序。其中层序1为陡山沱组第一段底部,层序2为陡山沱组第一段中部,层序3为陡山沱组第一段上部和第二段底部,层序4为自陡山沱组第二段下部至灯影组第一段底部中厚层状白云岩。基于浅海陆棚的背景,研究区陡山沱组第四次海平面广泛上升至最大海泛面滞后时段内,在深水、还原、偏碱性的浅海滨外陆棚环境下锰矿才开始聚集,且在高燕、修齐等锰矿区成为重要的开采矿床。     

湖北宜昌樟村坪地区陡山沱组地层划分与对比

华南峡东地区（黄陵隆起南缘）的陡山沱组是国际上埃迪卡拉纪地层和生物与环境事件的研究热点之一,但近在咫尺的黄陵北缘陡山沱组地层研究相对较少,已有的研究不足以反映黄陵北缘陡山沱组地层的特征,甚至与黄陵南缘地区未能建立起明确的对比关系.选取了黄陵北缘樟村坪及其周边地区的4个完整的陡山沱组剖面进行研究,以完整连续的钻孔剖面为依据,配合露头剖面的宏观沉积现象,对埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组进行详细的划分和对比.将樟村坪地区陡山沱组岩石地层划分出4个岩性段,并在层序地层学上划分出两个半三级层序,层序界面分别位于陡山沱组底界、陡山沱组第二段第二亚段顶界和陡山沱组第三段与第四段分界处.通过与黄陵隆起南缘陡山沱组各段岩性比较分析,建立了南、北缘地层对比联系,从而为黄陵北缘磷矿区的地层学研究奠定了基础.      

峡东地区埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组碳同位素特征研究进展与国内外对比

本文重点通过研究峡东地区埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组碳同位素的变化规律,来探讨其全球地层对比意义.峡东地区埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组经历了三次比较显著的碳同位素负漂移(EN1~EN3)和两次正漂移(EP1、EP2).第一次碳同位素负漂移(ENI)发生在南沱冰期之后陡山沱组底部"盖帽碳酸盐岩"层位及其上部的白云岩,与世界其他地区Marinoan冰期之后"盖帽碳酸盐岩"的碳同位素负漂移可进行对比;第二次碳同位素负漂移(EN2)发生在陡山沱组中部;第三次负漂移(EN3)发生在陡山沱组顶部,是该地质历史时期持续时间最长的一期碳同位素负漂移,同澳大利亚、阿曼、纳米比亚、加里福尼亚、西伯利亚、苏格兰等地碳同位素异常均可进行对比.两次正漂移(EP1、EP2)分别位于第二段中部和第三段的下部,分别与陡山沱组所含的两个疑源类组合具有很好的对应关系;而EN3则与陡山沱组上部所含的宏体化石组合(庙河生物群)相对应;表明碳同位素的变化与生物演化具有一定的对应关系.研究表明,利用碳同位素变化特征进行埃迪卡拉纪地层洲际对比是行之有效的手段之一.     

鄂西宜昌地区埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组页岩沉积环境及其页岩气地质意义

基于鄂西宜昌黄陵隆起周缘不同古地理部位埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组剖面的野外调查,岩石矿物和碳同位素样品的成分分析,页岩地球化学分析和物性实验结果,系统研究宜昌地区埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组二段页岩地层格架与分布、形成环境、地球化学和页岩气储集层特征.结果表明峡东宜昌地区在埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组二段下部页岩沉积于氧化环境,而中上部黑色页岩沉积形成于还原环境,碳酸盐是甲烷泄漏的结果.陡山沱组二段暗色泥页岩地层厚度超过50 m,有机碳含量(TOC)普遍大于1%,局部地区超过2%,有机质类型以Ⅰ型和Ⅱ 1型为主,成熟度(Ro)变化于1.58% ~ 2.38%之间,平均1.98%;矿物成分主要为碎屑矿物.与美国和中国页岩气主产区的页岩指标相比较,宜昌地区陡山沱组二段泥页岩具有形成页岩气良好地质条件.     

宜昌埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组中—下部旋回地层学研究

华南埃迪卡拉纪早期地层记录了多次碳同位素负漂移事件(例如:EN1/CANCE、WANCE、EN2/BAINCE),并产出"蓝田生物群"、"瓮安生物群"和大型带刺疑源类等化石生物群。然而由于缺乏高分辨率的年代格架,使得这些地质事件的年龄及地层对比问题长期存在争议。本研究使用自然伽马测井曲线作为古气候替代指标,对宜昌地区九龙湾岩芯陡山沱组中—下部沉积地层进行了高分辨率旋回地层学研究,发现该段约1m的沉积旋回代表405 kyr的长偏心率周期。根据长偏心率周期进行天文年代校准,并采用九龙湾岩芯陡山沱组Ⅱ段底部火山灰层的锆石TIMSU-Pb年龄(635.2±0.6Ma)作为绝对年龄锚点,得到陡山沱组Ⅱ段顶部年龄为591.4±0.6Ma,并将EN2/BAINCE结束年龄约束为约591 Ma,这远早于Gaskiers冰期发生的时间(约580 Ma)。本研究为进一步探讨陡山沱组中—下部所记录的古环境和生物演化事件提供了高分辨率年代格架。     

玉溪地区震旦系陡山沱组沉积相,地层层序及其控矿意义

玉溪地区震旦纪陡山沱组是该区震旦纪的主要含铜层位。陡山沱期该区为滇中古陆南东侧的滨岸沉积区,分为浅水的海滩沉积和较深水的潮下—浅海陆棚沉积。该区陡山沱组由三个层序组成,层序地层的构成对原生铜矿的形成和保存具有重要意义。第一、第二层序的海侵体系域的最大海泛期沉积,是该区震旦纪铜矿的重要成矿层位,层位控矿十分明显。     

湖北峡东地区埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组微体化石的新材料

通过对牛坪剖面和新测的晓峰河剖面燧石结核和条带的切片研究,进一步证实峡东地区陡山沱组下部和上部分别含有不同的微体化石组合。下组合以大型具刺疑源类Tianzhushania为主,包括疑源类Appendisphaera magnifica、Leiosphaeridia tenuissima、Meghystrichosphaeridium chadianensis、Tanarium sp.、Tianzhushania fissura、T.spinosa、T.sp.、Unnamed A;丝状蓝藻Oscillatoriopsis longa、Polytrichoides induviatus、Salome hubeiensis、Siphonophycus kestron、S.robustum;多细胞藻类Sarcinophycus palilloformis、Unnamed multicelluar alga A。上组合以出现大量个体介于50～140μm的呈聚集保存的球状膜壳为特征,包括疑源类Leiosphaeridia tenuissima、Knollisphaeridium maximum、K.sp.、Meghystrichosphaeridium perfectum及Unnamed B、C。本文的两个微体化石组合与Yin等(2011)和Liu等(2013)的组合特征基本一致。     

Acanthomorph Biostratigraphic Succession of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in the East Yangtze Gorges, South China

Large acanthomorphic acritarchs have been found in chert of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation at several localities in South China, including the East Yangtze Gorges of Hubei Province, Weng’an area of Guizhou Province, and elsewhere. However, their potential for biostratigraphic subdivision and correlation of Ediacaran successions is limited by facies control, taphonomic biases, and taxonomic problems. In the Yangtze Gorges, the Doushantuo Formation is generally subdivided into four lithologic members. However, in the Weng’an area, the Doushantuo Formation comprises just a lower and upper part separated by a mid-Doushantuo erosional surface. In the Yangtze Gorges at the Zhangcunping section, the Doushantuo succession is similar to that at Weng’an. So far, the correlation between the Yangtze Gorges and Weng’an area, and elsewhere has been an issue of debate. To resolve the debate, we selected eight sections in the Yangtze Gorges area and systemically sampled chert nodules of the Doushantuo Formation, focusing in particular on the upper Doushantuo Formation. Our data confirm two different assemblages appearing separately in the second and third members, which are separated by a negative δ13C excursion (EN2). The lower assemblage is characterized by Tianzhushania and a diverse suite of large acanthomorphic acritarchs. The upper assemblage is distinguished from the lower assemblage, by (1) absence of Tianzhushania; (2) occurrence of abundant, 100–150 μm, smooth-walled spherical microfossils; (3) occurrence of highly diverse acanthomorphic acritarchs including species extending from the second member and new forms in this member; (4) occurrence of unnamed new forms of protist; and (5) occurrence of the tubular microfossil Sinocyclocylicus guizhouensis. Since the Tianzhushania-dominated assemblage is not present in Australia, it seems that only the upper acanthomorph assemblage is present and thus the lower Doushantuo acanthomorph assemblage is missing in Australia.     

湖北宜昌樟村坪埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组硅磷质结核中的微体化石

本文报道的微体化石产于湖北宜昌樟村坪万家沟剖面埃迪卡拉纪陡山沱组第10层的硅磷质结核中,化石组合包括疑源类Appendisphaera grandis、Ericiasphaera spjeldnaesii、Knollisphaeridium maxi mum、Leiosphaeridia tenuissi ma、Meghystrichosphaeridium perfectum、Tianzhushania polysiphonia、T.spinosa、T.ornata;丝状蓝藻Oscillatoriopsis obtusa、Polytrichoides induviatus、P.lineatus、Salome hubeiensis、Siphonophycustypicum;多细胞藻类Sarcinophycus palilloformis、Wengania minuta。该微体化石组合面貌与黄陵背斜东、南翼陡山沱组二段硅质结核中以大型具刺疑源类Tianzhushania为特征的组合相同,与贵州瓮安地区陡山沱组上磷块岩下部保存的微体化石组合面貌基本一致。     

华南震旦系陡山沱组磷质震积岩及其与多细胞生物群相关性初探

埃迪卡拉纪（震旦纪）陡山沱期是Rodinia超大陆裂离的重要地质时期,是多细胞生物起源和发展的重要转折时期和磷质聚集时期,也是化学、气候和环境变化的剧烈时期。液化岩脉、液化角砾岩、脉化变形构造、以及阶梯状层内断层等磷质震积岩的发现,表明扬子地区在陡山沱期晚期至少发生过两次以上的地震事件。地震构造运动将地球内部积累能量快速地释放,可能是磷质来源和热水活动一种重要的方式或通道。海水中磷等无机营养盐分的增加,海水温度的升高,有利于多细胞生物的起源和发展,同时多细胞生物的繁盛又有利于磷的聚集。     

华南黄陵背斜西翼兴山地区乡儿湾剖面埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组微体化石

本文首次报道并描述了华南黄陵背斜西翼湖北宜昌兴山县乡儿湾剖面埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组二段中上部的燧石结核和条带中的疑源类微体化石,经系统鉴定共识别出8属8种,包括Appendisphaera grandis,Crassimembrana multitunica,Leiosphaeridia minutissima,Megasphaera inornata,Schizofusa zangwenlongii,Symphysosphaera basimembrana,Urasphaera nupta,Variomargosphaeridium gracile。该化石组合包含Liu Pengju and Moczyd?owska (2019)所建立的第二生物组合带(Tanarium tuberosum-Schizofusa zangwenlongii组合带)的特征分子Schizofusa zangwenlongii,因此,可尝试性地与第二生物组合带相对比,但未见黄陵背斜东南翼陡山沱组二段的常见属Tianzhushania,据此推测黄陵背斜两翼在古环境上可能有所差异。     

Megascopic Symmetrical Metazoans from the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in the Northeastern Guizhou, South China

In South China, various megascopic symmetrical metazoan fossils were found in the upper Doushantuo (陡山沱)Formation of the Neoproterozoic Ediacaran.The worm-like fossil is characterized by modern taxological annelid, for many metameres, parapodia, one possible tentale, an alimentary canal, and a dorsal vessel. The triradiate discoidal fossil is belong to Trilobozoa, and the octaradiate discoidal fossil might be Ctenophora. All these fossils indicate that the megascopic metazoans have appeared in the Doushantuoian of Eidacaran and imply that the symmetrical metazoans must have originated at least 550 Ma ago.     

Quantitative evaluation of the biostratigraphic distribution of acanthomorphic acritarchs in the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in the Yangtze Gorges area, South China

Doushantuo acanthomorphic acritarchs are large morphologically complex organic-walled microfossils broadly constrained between the 635 Ma Nantuo glaciation and the 551 Ma Miaohe Biota. They are potential biostratigraphic tools for subdivision and correlation of the Ediacaran System in South China. However, major variations in sedimentary facies and stratigraphic thickness present challenges in understanding the spatial and temporal distribution of these acritarchs. Further, the distribution of acritarchs in the Doushantuo Formation is associated with the presence of early diagenetic chert and phosphate, implying a certain degree of preservational bias and/or environmental control. The purpose of this paper is to document the stratigraphic distribution of Doushantuo acritarchs and to quantitatively evaluate their biostratigraphic significance and possible taphonomic–environmental biases, based on high-resolution paleontological data from six sections over 100 km in the Yangtze Gorges area, South China.A total of 1082 acritarch fossils were recorded from 84 chert horizons in the six sections of the study area. These chert horizons are not uniformly distributed throughout the Doushantuo Formation, thus the presence/absence of early diagenetic chert does play a role in controlling the distribution of acritarchs. The sampled chert horizons can be grouped into two stratigraphic intervals in the lower and upper Doushantuo Formation, respectively, based on regional stratigraphic correlation. Quantitative analysis shows that the two intervals are distinct taxonomically and largely independent of taphonomic or facies controls. Thus, the two intervals can be regarded as assemblage biozones. The lower biozone (biozone 1) is numerically dominated by Tianzhushania spinosa (n = 587; 68.3%) and Meghystrichosphaeridium magnificum (n = 74; 8.6%), whereas the upper biozone (biozone 2) is dominated by Ericiasphaera rigida (n = 104; 47.1%) and Tianzhushania spinosa (n = 34; 14.1%). The three most common genera, Meghystrichosphaeridium, Tianzhushania, and Ericiasphaera, have been identified in all sections. Correspondence analysis (CA), detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), discriminant analysis (DA), and pairwise comparisons of samples (Spearman rank coefficient and Jaccard–Chao index), all consistently support biostratigraphic zonations. Thus, the distribution of the Doushantuo acanthomorphs is primarily controlled by biostratigraphic position of samples, with facies and taphonomic differences playing a secondary role. Our case study suggests that acanthomorphic acritarchs can offer a viable tool for regional correlation of the Ediacaran System.     

Tectonic-lithofacies palaeogeographic reconstruction of the Yangtze Craton of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation and its oil and gas significance

Recently,great breakthroughs have been obtained in shale gas exploration in the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in the Yangtze Craton. Thus,the tectonic-lithofacies palaeogeography of the Yangtze Craton during the Doushantuo depositional period was in urgent need to be further studied. Based on a large number of outcrop sections,latest drilling data,numerous previous studies,we reconstructed the tectonic-lithofacies palaeogeography of the Yangtze Craton. The results indicated that,during the Ediacaran Doushantuo Period,the tectonic background of the Yangtze Craton was not only controlled by its palaeogeographic location(at the northwest of the supercontinent Rodinia),but also by the thermal sedimentation after the continental rifting. The tectonic-lithofacies palaeogeography of the Yangtze Craton generally showed higher terrain in the west and the north,and lower in the east and the south,with four oldlands developed namely the Hannan,Kangdian,Niushoushan and Jiangnan oldlands. The sedimentary pattern was featured by three platforms(in the Upper Yangtze,Middle-Lower Yangtze,and northern Zhejiang regions)alternated with four basins(in the Wanyuan-Dazhou,west Hubei-Hunan,southeastern and northern Yangtze margins). The three platforms were dominated by restricted-open platform facies; the four basins were dominated by platform margin slope,shelf and bathyal facies. The four oldlands(provided the main detrital provenance),together with the syn-depositional faults and the palaeostructure of the underlying rift basins,controlled the tectonic-sedimentary characteristics of the Yangtze Craton during the Ediacaran Doushantuo Period. The paper has proposed that the southern Shaanxi,northeastern Sichuan,western Hubei,and the adjacent area of the Hunan,Guizhou and Chongqing are the most favorable distribution areas of the Doushantuo source rocks;the northern Zhejiang and southern Anhui areas are the secondary favorable distribution areas. These favorable distribution areas and their adjacent areas are considered to be favorable regions for deepening the deep natural gas exploration in the Yangtze Craton.