松辽盆地地下流体地球化学特征研究

松辽盆地地下水动力场具有明显的不对称性：以盆地北端为主的盆地边缘是大气水下渗－向心流区；中央坳陷区为泥岩压实排水－离心流区；盆地南部以越流－蒸发泄水为主，只有盆地边缘和隆起的局部地区有间断性的大气水下渗作用。地下水动力场的基本特征决定了地下水化学场的分布规律。在成岩过程中，各种成岩反应具有不同程度的阶段性。离子的迁移与矿物转变、溶解和自生矿物的沉淀有关。深入研究砂岩的成岩反应，是分析孔隙水演化过程中离子迁移的重要环节。通过分析①成岩自生矿物中流体包裹体；②自生矿物的同位素组成；③成岩自生矿物的种类和序列；以及④地下水化学成分，可以进一步研究地下流体地球化学特征。     

地洼盆地砂岩铜矿床的构造-流体-成矿体系及演化

我国南方地洼盆地构造演化、流体演化和砂岩铜矿成矿作用三者之间具有密切的关系,处于一个统一的系统之中。盆地早中期的裂陷、坳陷作用及热构造活动导致了富铜矿源层的形成、大气降水的深循环和水／岩相互作用、并形成中高温、压、高盐度的热卤水含铜流体。在构造－流体－砂岩铜矿成矿体系的演化中,构造演化制约了含铜流体的演化和砂岩铜矿的成矿作用,而主要发生于盆地演化的晚期。     

地洼盆地砂岩铜矿床的 构造－流体－成矿体系及演化

我国南方地洼盆地构造演化、流体演化和砂岩铜矿成矿作用三者之间具有密切的关系,处于一个统一的系统之中。盆地早中期的裂陷、坳陷作用及热构造活动导致了富铜矿源层的形成、大气降水的深循环和水/岩相互作用、并形成中高温、压、高盐度的热卤水含铜流体。在构造－流体－砂岩铜矿成矿体系的演化中,构造演化制约了含铜流体的演化和砂岩铜矿的成矿作用,而主要发生于盆地演化的晚期。     

水岩交换作用对矿物Rb—Sr体系的影响：北疆祖鲁洪花岗岩质杂岩体的…

海西期祖鲁洪花岗岩质杂岩体的氧同位素分析及矿物Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线年龄测定结果表明，该岩体在２００￣２３０Ｍａ以前曾在高温下与大气降水发生过相互作用。由花岗岩和闪长岩的单矿物氧同位素分析得知，其石英与长石之间的氧同位素比值之差分别达０．８３‰￣２．６３‰和１１．３４‰；理论计算得出花层、节理和裂隙在其中都十分发育）中，因而有利于大气水热液循环系统的形成。在这种大气水热液的对流循环过程中，岩体不断地与大     

陆相砂岩型铜矿床矿物分带模式的pH-Eh相图——以楚雄盆地大姚六苴铜矿床为例

滇中楚雄盆地砂岩型铜矿床,如大姚六苴铜矿床,赋存于上白垩统马头山组六苴下亚段(K2mml1)紫色砂岩与浅色砂岩过渡带靠近浅色一侧,铜矿化受氧化还原界面控制。从紫色砂岩向浅色砂岩,金属矿物依次呈现赤铁矿→辉铜矿→斑铜矿→黄铜矿→黄铁矿的水平分带规律。以矿物分带中的金属矿物为主要研究对象,结合流体包裹体测试成果,构建和绘制了大姚六苴铜矿床主要成矿温度下的pH-Eh相图,理论计算结果与宏观地质特征吻合。依据pH-Eh相图,阐述了主要金属矿物的沉淀条件及其分带机理,认为楚雄盆地砂岩铜矿床金属矿物分带受pH和Eh双重控制;在373～523 K间温度变化对金属矿物沉淀的pH和Eh影响不大;S2-只能在低于473 K下的热液中稳定存在,辉铜矿(Cu2S)形成温度低于473 K。该研究为该类矿床成矿机制研究提供了重要依据。     

东营凹陷古近系砂岩透镜体钙质界壳形成机理及其对油气成藏的影响

砂岩透镜体 / 泥岩接触带钙质界壳是含油气盆地泥岩（烃源岩）－流体（油、气、水）－砂岩（储集岩）相互作用过程中的产物。烃源岩－地层水相互作用生成的有机酸促使烃源岩中矿物、特别是碳酸盐矿物的溶解。烃源岩中生成的烃类流体和地层水，在驱动力的作用下，向临近的砂岩透镜体内运移，同时携带含碳酸盐的有机酸一起运移。烃源岩－水溶液作用后的流体重新进入到一个新的储集岩，在新的物理化学环境中要与储集岩再次发生作用。流体与储集岩作用的直接结果是方解石和白云石沉淀到储集岩中，它们将占有原岩的部分孔隙空间，形成胶结物，进而形成钙质界壳。这样形成的碳酸盐胶结物为晚期胶结物，主要为含铁方解石和铁白云石。砂岩透镜体碳酸盐胶结物含量与孔隙度、渗透率和含油饱和度存在很好的负相关性。钙质界壳的存在使得孔隙结构也发生变化：原生孔隙被碳酸盐胶结物充填，发育的次生孔隙是碳酸盐胶结物的晶间和晶内微孔隙；压汞曲线较陡，排驱压力和中值压力高；喉道偏细，分选较差。东营凹陷牛35井沙三中段2 939 ～3 003 m井段6个主要砂层组的精细解剖表明，砂岩透镜体 / 泥岩接触带钙质界壳是控制砂岩透镜体成藏的重要因素。     

鄂尔多斯盆地石盒子组地层二氧化碳矿物封存能力评估

CO2的地质封存技术是减少CO2向大气排放的一种有效方法。矿物封存由于储存时间长,安全性高,对CO2地质封存至关重要。本文以鄂尔多斯盆地石盒子组地层为例,利用模拟软件TOUGHREACT研究了CO2注入后,各矿物的溶解和沉淀机理,确定固碳矿物和CO2的矿物封存量;通过改变绿泥石和长石类矿物的初始含量,研究原生矿物组分对CO2矿物封存潜力的影响。结果表明,以石英、长石为主的砂岩储集层中,长石类、绿泥石和高岭石是主要的溶解矿物,铁白云石是主要的固碳矿物,原生矿物中绿泥石和长石类矿物对CO2的矿物封存量影响很大,绿泥石和长石类矿物的体积分数增加,CO2的矿物封存量也增加。     

CO_2流体与储层砂岩相互作用机理实验

储存于地下岩层中的CO2与矿物发生化学反应导致次生碳酸盐矿物的沉淀,CO2将以碳酸盐矿物的形式长时间地固结在储层岩石中,从而有效减少CO2向大气中的排放。通过对不同温度下CO2-H2O-砂岩相互作用机理的研究,以及反应后样品的扫描电镜观察、质量损失量和剩余反应液中总矿化度变化的分析发现:砂岩样品的溶蚀程度随温度的升高而逐渐增强;100℃和175℃时样品表面分别有方解石和白云石生成,250℃时新生成的矿物因温度过高而溶解。这表明CO2能够以碳酸盐矿物的形式固定在矿物中,175℃为本实验所证明较适合的贮存温度。     

红层砂岩纳米级致色剂赋存状态及地质意义——以鄂尔多斯盆地下白垩统志丹群红层砂岩为例

红层是地球上广泛分布且具有特定指示环境意义的沉积物,一般认为在水体氧化环境下形成的赤铁矿胶结物是其主要致色矿物。目前,针对红层致色矿物的研究多停留在矿物识别层面,缺乏对其微观赋存状态及成因机制的深入研究。本文以鄂尔多斯盆地下白垩统志丹群陆相红层为例,采用岩芯- 薄片- 阴极发光- 氩离子抛光扫描电镜的多尺度表征技术,首次揭示了红层砂岩纳米级致色剂——赤铁矿胶结物的微观赋存状态,并在此基础重新探讨了其成因机制。研究发现,红层砂岩致色剂赤铁矿胶结物主要为针状或片状,具有两种微观赋存状态：① 呈包裹型发育在净砂岩的颗粒周缘,单个矿物颗粒长度在500~1000 nm之间,宽度在50 nm以下;② 呈充填型发育在黏土矿物及云母等矿物颗粒的解理缝中,常常顺解理定向排列,受解理缝空间限制,单个矿物颗粒更小,长度一般小于500 nm,宽度在30 nm以下。红层砂岩中赤铁矿的产状和赋存状态表明其为褐铁矿早期脱水形成,在此之后又发育两期方解石胶结物,因此赤铁矿胶结物应主要形成于沉积和浅埋藏期,而非沉积后的抬升期。砂岩中赤铁矿胶结物的形成过程指示了一个干旱内陆沉积背景下大气水氧含量高的环境特征,这同样也是地质历史时期内的冰室状态,说明鄂尔多斯盆地下白垩统志丹群的红层砂岩对研究该时期全球冰室状态也具有重要启示意义。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘彭阳铀矿区矿物学研究及其对区域成矿的指示

绝大多数砂岩型铀矿均赋存于河湖相或滨浅海相等沉积地层中。彭阳铀矿床是近期在鄂尔多斯盆地西南部新发现的一个大型铀矿床,也是中国首个产出于风成砂岩中的砂岩型铀矿床。矿体主要赋存于洛河组砂岩中,岩性主要为中细粒长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩。洛河组以沙漠沉积相为主,靠近盆地边缘地区发育冲积扇及河流相沉积。本文在详细的野外调研和矿相学研究基础上,围绕富铀地层洛河组开展详细的矿物学研究,利用扫描电镜、背散射、电子探针等方法,发现洛河组中的铀矿物主要为沥青铀矿,其次为含钛铀矿物,以及少量铀石,基本查明了铀矿物的矿物学特征、化学成分及共生矿物组合。铀矿物大多呈星点状与锐钛矿、磷灰石(胶磷矿)、黄铁矿等密切共生,或者呈条带状分布于石英等碎屑颗粒边缘。与伊犁盆地和鄂尔多斯盆地典型矿床的团块状铀矿物相比,彭阳铀矿床的铀矿物以多呈星点浸染状为特征。洛河组风成砂岩中还原剂十分缺乏,推测有油气等还原物质参与了砂岩型铀矿的氧化还原作用并导致铀矿的沉淀富集。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861