行星状星云的CO(1-0)谱线观测

用紫金山天文台青海站的１３７ｍ射电望远镜,对１０个行星状星云给出了新的ＣＯ（１－０）谱线观测结果．其中４个行星状星云：ＮＧＣ６４４５,Ｍ１５９,Ｍ４９和Ｍ２５１,已有过ＣＯ（２１）的观测,本文第一次给出了它们的ＣＯ（１０）的测量结果;对２个别人曾经观测过但未测到ＣＯ的行星状星云：Ｓｈ２７１和Ｍ４１８,本文第一次证认了它们的ＣＯ发射;对４个别人从未进行过ＣＯ搜寻的行星状星云：ＶＶ１８,Ｍ２５２,Ｈｅ２４５９和Ｋ３３１,本文第一次进行了观测,并得到了它们的ＣＯ（１０）谱．由ＣＯ的发射谱征可见,ＶＶ１８可能是一个误分类的行星状星云     

行生状星云的CO（1—0）谱线观测

用紫金山天台青海站的１３．７ｍ射电望远镜,对１０个行星关星云给出了新的ＣＯ（１－０）谱线观测结果。其中４个行星关星云：ＮＧＣ６４４５,Ｍ１－５９,Ｍ４－９和Ｍ２－５１,已有过ＣＯ（２－１）的观测,本第一次给出了它们的ＣＯ（１－０）的测量结果;对２个别人曾经预测过但未测到ＣＯ的行星状星云：Ｓｈ２－７１和Ｍ４－１８,本第一次证认了它们的ＣＯ发射;对４个别人从未进行ＣＯ搜寻的行星状星云：Ｖ－Ｖ１－     

恒星形成区NGC7538中的分子氢发射

报告在ＮＧＣ７５３８中利用Ｈ２（２．１２μｍ）发射线测新发现的两个喷流和１８个近红外ＨＨ天体,在ＩＲＳ１－３星云中观测到了强Ｈ２发射壳层结构环绕在星云的北边。星云中红外源的ＵＶ辐射场的外流活动都可能导致这一Ｈ２发射。在ＨＲＳ１－３星云的南边和东边探测到了５个Ｈ２ｋｎｏｔｓ．在ＩＲＳ１南边发现的Ｈ２喷流暗示该区域有一个南北向的外流,在ＩＲＳ１１星团的周围发现了９个Ｈ２ｈｎｏｔｓ．在西北－东南方向和东     

OMC—3的^13CO（1—0）和C^18O（1—0）分子辐射

利用紫金山天台青海站的１３．７ｍ毫米波望远镜,对ＯｒｉｏｎＡ分子云中的ＯＭＣ－３区域,进行了较高分辨率的＾１３ＣＯ（Ｊ＝１－０）和Ｃ＾１８Ｏ（Ｊ＝１－０）分子辐射的图观测,给出了该分子云中＾１３ＣＯ和Ｃ＾１８Ｏ的云核中心分别与最年龄的天体－Ｃｌａｓｓ０类源ＭＭＳＩ,ＭＭＳ４,ＭＭＳ６和ＭＭＳ７,ＭＭＳ８,ＭＭＳ９成协,此外,通过分析ＯＭＣ－３整个区域的速度场结构,发现沿Ｃ＾１８Ｏ和＾１３ＣＯ云核     

SgrB2中处于振动激发态的CH3CH分子

使用ＢＩＭＡ的Ｃ位形混合波导联结９元天线阵,对ＳｇｒＢ２（Ｎ）和ＳｇｒＢ２（Ｍ）观测了ＣＨ３ＣＮ分子振动激发态Ｖ８＝１的６Ｋ－５Ｋ线系,仅在ＳｇｒＢ２（Ｎ）的１０″＊４″区域里探测到上述发射线。     

CO67—186μm谱线在天体物理研究中的作用

采用球型大速度梯度模型,对ＩＲＣ＋ １０２１６ 、ＡＦＧＬ２６８８ 和ＮＧＣ７０２７ 等经ＩＳＯ 发表的首次数据证明有相对强的ＣＯ６７ － １８６ μｍ 发射线的天体作模型计算．统计平衡辐射转移计算共覆盖低于能量４８６３ ｃｍ －１（ｖ ＝ ０ ,Ｊ＝ ０ 能级的能量为０） 的全部能级,即ｖ ＝ ０ 、Ｊ＝ ０ －５０ ,ｖ ＝ １ 、Ｊ＝ ０ － ３７ 和ｖ ＝ ２ 、Ｊ＝ ０ － １７ 的１０７ 个能级．计算表明ＣＯ 谱线的流量相对值对于上能级转动量子数Ｊｕ 的分布函数,是该谱线发射区物理条件的良好探针．ＩＲＣ＋ １０２１６ 的ＣＯ远红外发射线主要由中央星激发形成,而ＡＦＧＬ２６８８ 和ＮＧＣ７０２７ 区则是因温暖和致密的冲击气体所致．对ＩＳＯ 首次数据涉及的其他天体的ＣＯ 谱线激发机制,也作了一些讨论。ＣＯ 的谱线是在６７ － １８６ μｍ 波段探测动能温度数百度以上的热天体,诸如富碳、富氧演化星包层,行星状星云、年轻星和恒星形成区复合体物理条件的重要探针     

OMC--3的13CO(1--0)和C18O(1--0)分子辐射

利用紫金山天文台青海站的 １３．７ ｍ毫米波望远镜,对 Ｏｒｉｏｎ Ａ分子云中的 ＯＭＣ－３区域,进行了较高分辨率的１３ＣＯ（Ｊ＝１－０）和Ｃ１８Ｏ（Ｊ＝１－０）分子辐射的成图观测．给出了该分子云中１３ＣＯ和 Ｃ１８Ｏ云核分布的整体结构和平均物理参数．观测发现,该分子云的１３ＣＯ和 Ｃ１８Ｏ的云核中心分别与最年轻的天体－Ｃｌａｓｓ ０类源 ＭＭＳＩ, ＭＭＳ４,ＭＭＳ６和ＭＭＳ７,ＭＭＳ８;ＭＭＳ９成协．此外,通过分析ＯＭＣ－３整个区域的速度场结构,发现沿 Ｃ１８Ｏ和１３ＣＯ云核方向从南到北有一个～ １．７ｋｍ／ｓ的速度场梯度,而分子云的红、蓝移团块则分别趋于云的北部和南部．并对ＯＭＣ－３区的恒星形成特征进行了讨论．     

暗云L1211的C~（18）O（J＝1－0）分子发射谱线的观测

本文作者首次对暗云Ｌ１２１１的Ｃ~（１８）Ｏ（Ｊ＝１－０）分子发射谱线进行了观测，发现了暗云Ｌ１２１１致密核的Ｃ~（１８）Ｏ（Ｊ＝１－０）的宽翼发射谱线和它的结构，得到了核区Ｃ~（１８）Ｏ（Ｊ＝１－０）分子的谱线轮廓图、强度分布图、速度分段积分等高图、速度位置图。     

部分新水脉泽源的CO J=1—0的观测

使用青海站１３．７米射电望远镜对该望远镜发现的新的水脉泽源进行ＣＯ（Ｊ＝１－０）的观测。本文给出了其中尚未在文献中报道过ＣＯ观测结果的８个源的ＣＯ（Ｊ＝１－０）谱线，并对该观测结果进行了讨论。     

暗云L1211的C^18O（J=1—0）分子发射谱线的观测

本文作者首次对暗云Ｌ１２１１的Ｃ＾１８Ｏ（Ｊ＝１－０）分子发射谱线进行了观测，发现了暗云Ｌ１２１１致密核的Ｃ＾１８Ｏ（Ｊ＝１－０）的宽翼发射谱线和它的结构，得到了核区Ｃ＾１８Ｏ（Ｊ＝１－０）分子的谱线轮廓图、强度分布图、速度分段积分等高图、速度位置图。     

Large-Scale Mapping Observations of the C i (3P1-3P0) and CO (J = 3-2) Lines toward the Orion A Molecular Cloud

Large-scale mapping observations of the 3P1-3P0 fine-structure transition of atomic carbon (C i, 492 GHz) and the J=3-2 transition of CO (346 GHz) toward the Orion A molecular cloud have been carried out with the Mount Fuji submillimeter-wave telescope. The observations cover 9 deg2 and include the Orion Nebula M42 and the L1641 dark cloud complex. The C i emission extends over almost the entire region of the Orion A cloud and is surprisingly similar to that of 13CO (J=1-0). The CO (J=3-2) emission shows a more featureless and extended distribution than C i. The C i/CO (J=3-2) integrated intensity ratio shows a spatial gradient running from the north (0.10) to the south (1.2) of the Orion A cloud, which we interpret as a consequence of the temperature gradient. On the other hand, the C i/13CO (J=1-0) intensity ratio shows no systematic gradient. We have found a good correlation between the C i and 13CO (J=1-0) intensities over the Orion A cloud. This result is discussed on the basis of photodissociation region models.     

Multiwavelength study of low-luminosity 6.7-GHz methanol masers

We present results of 13CO(1-0),C18O(1-0),and HCO+(1-0) map observations and N2H+(1-0) single point observations directed towards a sample of nine low-luminosity 6.7-GHz masers.N2H + line emission has been detected from six out of nine sources,C18O line emission has been detected from eight out of nine sources,and HCO + and 13CO emission has been detected in all sources.In particular,a blue profile of the HCO + spectrum,a signature of inflow,is found towards one source.From integrated intensity emission map...     

The KOSMA large-scale CO survey of clouds in the Galactic Molecular Ring

We present the status of the KOSMA large-scale observations of clouds in the Galactic Molecular Ring (GMR) in CO J=3-2, 2-1 and ¹³CO 2-1 following up on the BU-FCRAO ¹³CO 1-0 survey. The GMR is one of the prominent large scale structures in the Milky Way and an interesting laboratory to studystar formation. Whereas the ¹³CO data yield a good measureof the overall column density structure, the new observations of CO 2-1provide a picture of the thin extended gas and the CO 3-2 data show thedistribution of the dense and warm molecular gas. The combination of observations of these lines thus allows to distinguish between extended,quiescent gas, dense cold parts, and warm regions, influenced by star formation. In performing large scale observations we are able to analysethe structure of this material.     

Submillimeter/millimeter observations of the molecular clouds associated with Tycho's supernova remnant

We have carried out CO J = 2-1 and CO J = 3-2 observations toward Tycho's supernova remnant(SNR) using the KOSMA 3m-telescope.From these observations,we identified three molecular clouds(MCs) around the SNR.The small cloud in the southwest was discovered for the first time.In the north and east,two MCs(Cloud A and Cloud B) adjacent in space display a bow-shaped morphology,and have broad emission lines,which provide some direct evidences of the SNR-MCs interaction.The MCs are revealed at-69--59 km s-1,coinci...     

Titan’s 5-μm window: observations with the Very Large Telescope

We report on mid-resolution (R∼2000) spectroscopic observations of Titan, acquired in November 2000 with the Very Large Telescope and covering the range 4.75-5.07 μm. These observations provide a detailed characterization of the CO (1-0) vibrational band, clearly separating for the first time individual CO lines (P10 to P19 lines of ¹³CO). They indicate that the CO/N₂ mixing ratio in Titan’s troposphere is 32±10 ppm. Comparison with photochemical models indicates that CO is not in a steady state in Titan’s atmosphere. The observations confirm that Titan’s 5-μm continuum geometric albedo is ∼0.06, and further indicates a ∼20% albedo decrease over 4.98-5.07 μm. Nonzero flux is detected at the 0.01 geometric albedo level in the saturated core of the ¹²CO (1-0) band, at 4.75-4.85 μm, providing evidence for backscattering on the stratospheric haze. Finally, emission lines are detected at 4.75-4.835 μm, coinciding in position with lines from the CO(1-0) and/or CO(2-1) bands. Matching them by thermal emission would require Titan’s stratosphere to be much warmer (by ∼ 25 K at 0.1 mbar) than indicated by the methane 7.7-μm emission and the Voyager radio-occultation. We show instead that a nonthermal mechanism, namely solar-excited fluorescence, is a more plausible source for these emissions. Improved observations and laboratory measurements on the vibrational-translational relaxation of CO are needed for further interpretation of these emissions in terms of a CO stratospheric mixing ratio.     

The first CO(1-0) mapping of the globule IC 1396 W

Near-infrared observations indicate that three H₂ outflows and their driving sources are present in the globule IC 1396 W, where the existence of molecular outflows has also been suggested by some authors. We made the first CO(1-0) map of IC 1396 W, and found that its CO molecular cloud may consist of three physically distinct components with different velocities. We detected neither molecular outflows nor the dense cores associated with candidate driving sources. One possible reason is that CO(1-0) and its isotopes cannot trace high density gas, and another is that the beam of our observation is too large to observe them. The CO cloud may be one part of the natal molecular cloud of IC 1396 W, in the process of disrupting and blowing away. The CO cloud seems to be in the foreground of the H₂ outflows.     

First Mapping Observations of Two Possible Cloud Collision Candidates IRAS 02459＋6029 and 05363＋3127

The first mapping observations of the cold infrared sources IRAS 02459 6029 and 05363 3127 in the molecular lines 12CO(1-0), 13CO(1-0) and C18o(1-0) were made using the 13.7 m millimeter wave telescope in Qinghai. Both the integrated intensity maps and position-velocity diagrams show that each has two components adjacent in both space and velocity which means possible cloud-cloud collisions in the two regions. The near-infrared color-color diagram from the 2MASS database reveals that the density of YSOs in the colliding site is much higher than in the surrounding regions. The results appear to indicate that star forming activities have taken place in the two regions due to the cloud-cloud collision. We conclude that both sources are cloud collision candidates.     

Carbon monoxide fluorescence from Titan's atmosphere

We report on the discovery of emissions due to carbon monoxide from Titan's atmosphere, from mid-infrared observations with the ISAAC spectrometer at the Very Large Telescope and covering the 4.50-4.85 μm range. We detected about 45 emission lines coinciding with CO ro-vibrational lines, including CO(1-0) (P18 to R11) and CO(2-1) (P11 to R11). We show that these emissions cannot be generated thermally but occur in non-LTE conditions, due to radiative de-excitation from the v=1 and v=2 CO levels after excitation at 4.7 and 2.3 μm by solar radiation. A complete fluorescence model is then developed, allowing to compute the state populations of the two most abundant CO isotopes and N₂(1). It includes absorption by CO and CH₄, and vibrational-thermal and vibrational-vibrational collisional exchanges with CO, N₂, CH₄, and H₂. Emerging radiances at the top of the atmosphere are evaluated with a line-by-line code and compared to observations. Contribution functions show that the CO emissions sound Titan's stratosphere: while the (1-0) lines generally probe two layers, located respectively at 100-250 km and 300-550 km, the (2-1) lines are sensitive to the intermediate layer at 150-300 km. A sensitivity study is performed to establish the effect of the main model parameters (temperature profile, collisional scenario, and CO stratospheric abundance) on the results. Models reproduce the essential structure of the observed emissions. The (1-0) fundamental band is generally well fit with a nominal CO mixing ratio of 32 ppm—as inferred in the troposphere from observations at 4.80-5.10 μm (Lellouch et al., 2003, Icarus 162, 126-143). However, this band is only weakly dependent on the CO abundance, and given temperature and collisional scenario uncertainties, it constrains the CO stratospheric mixing ratio only to within a factor of ∼3. In addition, the nominal model with 32 ppm CO underestimates the first hot (2-1) transition by approximately a factor of 2. This discrepancy can be resolved by a combined adjustment of collisional rates and an increased CO stratospheric ratio of 60 ppm, consistent with the determination of Gurwell and Muhleman (2000, Icarus 145, 653-656). In contrast, the CO vertical profile suggested by Hidayat et al. (1998, Icarus 133, 109-133), strongly depleted above 200 km, cannot match the data for any realistic collisional scenario, and is therefore not supported by our results.     

Molecular Gas in the Abell 262 Cluster Galaxy Ugc 1347

We present the results of ¹²CO(1-0) and ¹²CO(2-1) observations on UGC 1347 obtained with BIMA and the IRAM 30 m telescope. UGC 1347 is a member of the Abell 262 cluster. In Abell 262, a nearby spiral rich cluster, the signs of galaxy interaction and therefore the mechanisms which play an important role in galaxy evolution within clusters can be studied with high spatial resolution. Aside from its bright central region, UGC 1347 features a second prominent source at the southern tip of the bar, which has been identified as region with recent enhanced star formation. The CO observations prove the existence of reservoirs of cold molecular gas at the positions of both bright regions.     

Submillimeter/millimeter observations of the high-mass star forming region IRAS 22506+5944

The mapping observations of CO J = 2-1, CO J = 3-2, 13 CO J = 2-1 and 13 CO J = 3-2 lines in the direction of IRAS 22506+5944 have been made. The results show that the cores in the J = 2-1 transition lines have a similar morphology to those in the J = 3-2 transition lines. Bipolar molecular outflows are verified. The prior IRAS 22506+5944 observations indicated that two IRAS sources and three H 2 O masers were located close to the peak position of the core. One of the IRAS sources may be the driving source ...