新疆皮山杜瓦普司格组晚二叠世孢粉的发现

新疆皮山杜瓦剖面普司格组中、上部含丰富的孢子花粉化石，并以双气囊花粉数量占优势为特征。Ｌｕｅｃｋｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓｖｉｒｋｋｉａｅ、Ｔａｅｎｉａｅｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓｓｐｐ．和Ｇａｒｄｅｎａｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓｘｉｎｊｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ等国内外晚二叠世典型分子在该组合内出现，表明普司格组的时代并非仅限于以往所普遍认为的早二叠世，亦应包括部分晚二叠世。结合对普司格组上覆和下伏地层的古生物群分析，普司格组的时代为早二叠世中期至晚二叠世中期。     

Columbus,the discovery of America,and Russia

The discovery of a new continent that was later called America by Christopher Columbus some five hundred years ago, has in one way or another, influenced people the World over. The extraordinary significance of this event for mankind is displayed by the dimension of the consequences and the variety of reactions among nations and communities of the “Old World”.     

Woolly rhino discovery in the lower Kolyma River

A nearly complete frozen mummy of a woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis Blum., 1799) was discovered in a gold mine on the lower reaches of the Kolyma River, north–eastern Siberia. This is the first find of the whole body of woolly rhino in permafrost. A large part of the mummified body was preserved, including the left part of the body, covered by skin, including skin of the head and ear, fore and hind legs. The skull with 2 horns and the lower jaw were also preserved. Most of the internal organs were lost, except the intestines, stomach, and their contents. A rib fragment from this individual was dated by AMS-radiocarbon method to 39,140 ± 390 years BP (OxA-18755). Spore and pollen analyses of the stomach contents indicate that grasses and sagebrushes formed the main part of the diet of C. antiquitatis in this region of Arctic Siberia.     

Possibility of the discovery of eolian gold placers in Tuva

Issue of the influence of eolian processes on the formation of gold placers in the Tuva region is considered. It has been revealed that the formation of placers is related not only to hydrodynamic processes but also to eolian processes, which are reflected in the formation of relief, redistribution of metal, and reworking of the useful component. Study of typomorphic features of the eolian gold and regularities of its redistribution revealed the possibility of discovery of a new type of placer gold (eolian and heterogeneous placers).     

Analysis of the rate of wildcat drilling and deposit discovery

The rate at which petroleum deposits were discovered during a 16-yr period (1957–72) was examined in relation to changes in a suite of economic and physical variables. The study area encompasses 11,000 mi² and is located on the eastern flank of the Powder River Basin. A two-stage multiple-regression model was used as a basis for this analysis. The variables employed in this model were: (1) the yearly wildcat drilling rate, (2) a measure of the extent of the physical exhaustion of the resource base of the region, (3) a proxy for the discovery expectation of the exploration operators active in the region, (4) an exploration price/cost ratio, and (5) the expected depths of the exploration targets sought. The rate at which wildcat wells were drilled was strongly correlated with the discovery expectation of the exploration operators. Small additional variations in the wildcat drilling rate were explained by the price/cost ratio and target-depth variables. The number of deposits discovered each year was highly dependent on the wildcat drilling rate, but the aggregate quantity of petroleum discovered each year was independent of the wildcat drilling rate. The independence between these last two variables is a consequence of the cyclical behavior of the exploration play mechanism. Although the discovery success ratio declined sharply during the initial phases of the two exploration plays which developed in the study area, a learning effect occurred whereby the discovery success ratio improved steadily with the passage of time during both exploration plays.     

The first discovery of natural duralumin

The results of X-ray structural, electron-microscopic, and X-ray spectral microprobe studies of Al-based metal solid solutions that underwent nuclear disintegration and that were discovered in nature for the first time are presented. Based on the similarity to technical counterparts, it is suggested to recognize the previously unknown alloys as natural duralumin.     

中国首次发现菱镉矿

国外菱镉矿早在1951年前就已被发现，近期在贵州牛角塘镉锌矿床中发现的菱镉矿为中国首次报道。菱镉矿的晶粒微小，一般只有几个微米，大者几十微米，常与菱锌矿、硫镉矿共生或伴生在一起，呈疏松集合体、皮壳或薄膜状产出。这一发现填补了中国矿物学上一个空白，菱镉矿在环境保护上具有重要意义。     

喜马拉雅地区沉积盖层底砾岩的新发现

多种地质证据表明,藏南喜马拉雅地区大地构造位置隶属于冈瓦纳超级古大陆和印度板块的北部边缘。有关喜马拉雅地区变质基底与沉积盖层之间的接触关系一直是国内外地质学界关注的焦点。由于受到后期藏南拆离系(STDS)的大规模改造,在喜马拉雅北坡东西方向约2000km范围内,基底与盖层之间的接触关系多为断层接触。长期以来,该接触关系由于没有取得足够的地质证据而众说纷纭。2000年以来,成都地质矿产研究所组织实施的1∶25万聂拉木县幅区域地质调查项目在野外地质调查过程中,在老定日南新发现了一套沉积盖层底砾岩残留地质体,底砾岩地质体顶、…     

Bayesian estimation of undiscovered pool sizes using the discovery record

This paper presents a Bayesian version of the classical model of Kaufman et al. for the order of discovery of hydrocarbon pools and the distribution of their sizes in a geologically homogeneous area. Using the model, a Bayesian method is developed for estimating the distribution of the size of the undiscovered pools using the information from the discovery record. This method avoids most of the arbitrary choices required by the modified maximum likelihood method developed by Lee and Wang. As an example, this method is applied to the same Bashaw reef data on which Lee and Wang demonstrated their approach. For this case, the Bayesian approach produces sharly lower estimates of undiscovered resources.     

阳原县泥河湾地层中的新发现

河北省阳原盆地位于冀西北,盆地内发育著名的第四系泥河湾层,桑干河自西向东贯穿盆地之中,滋养哺育了史前文明,这里是我国重要的层型剖面保护区之一。1997年,我们在完成1：50000阳原幅和井儿沟幅区调填图项目‘)时,在泥河湾层中、上部及山前冲一洪积中又有新的发现。l火山尘凝灰岩阳原盆地之西毗邻大同火山岩群,长期以来不少地质学家想在泥河湾河一湖相层中寻找火山物质,但一直未能如愿。我们这次在井儿沟幅开阳水库附近找到一层灰白色粉砂质泥岩层,经分析,火山物质粒级为0．005～0．05mm,属火山尘。X射线衍射分析内含白云岩、石英、长石、高岭石(少量)和伊利石一蒙脱石混层,据成分和结构特点及火山物质含量＞     

中国大陆科学深钻主孔中FeCrNi合金球粒的发现

在中国大陆科学深钻主孔中发现了2粒FeCrNi合金球粒,粒径约200μm,其中w(Fe)=71.07%~73.68%,w(Cr)=14.55%~16.79%,w(Ni)=9.91%~11.47%,总和为98.2%~99.65%,分子式为Fe0.74Cr0.16Ni0.10。球粒内均含氧化物包体,由Cr、Mn、Al、Si、Fe、Ti和O组成。X射线衍射分析表明,FeCrNi球粒为多晶,具立方晶系的晶体结构,空间群为Fm3m,晶胞参数为a=0.3603nm,Z=4,密度为7.828g/cm3。球粒经抛光后呈银灰色,金属光泽,平均莫氏硬度为4.026,主波长S546反射率为56%。球粒可能是FeCrNi合金组成的金属熔融液滴冷却的产物。     

西藏羌塘中部独泉沟地区发现青藏高原首例富锰矿

独泉沟锰矿是青藏高原发现的首例富锰矿,成矿元素分析结果表明,矿石中Mn平均品位为41.95%,达到了Ⅰ级富锰矿石的品位标准。该锰矿体主要呈层状、似层状产出于上二叠统—下三叠统天泉山组复理石碎屑岩内;矿体地表部分为残坡积,残坡积范围宽20~30m,长约50m。根据产状及结构构造的差异,将研究区锰矿体分为层状锰矿体和脉状锰矿体,二者的矿石矿物皆是硬锰矿,脉石矿物以石英为主。初步研究认为,独泉沟锰矿是海相热水沉积型锰矿。作为青藏高原地区发现的首例富锰矿,独泉沟锰矿的发现填补了区内锰矿找矿工作的空白,对其成因的研究能为今后的找矿工作提供重要的线索和依据,在区域找矿方面具有一定的指示意义。     

Navigation and oceanographic conditions of the first discovery voyage of columbus

Navigation means the science and the practice of getting ships (or planes), from position to position. It is especially the method of determining the position, the course, and the travelled distance, and the ship-traffic under the circumstances of the seafaring as there are wind, seastate, currents, and the ships by themselves. This presentation refers in a brief way to these nautical assumptions and conditions concerning the first transatlantic voyage of Columbus for the so-called discovery of America. This article treats reports and aspects of that voyage which lead to the discussion on the first landfall at the Bahamas which still is controversial.     

西藏松多地区首次发现非金属矿——黑曜岩

最新区域地质调查发现,西藏工布江达县松多乡存在天然非金属矿——黑曜岩。该矿源地处青藏高原冈底斯板块上,发育于新生代年波组中。"球泡"状黑曜石清晰可见,部分达到宝石级别。初步研究显示,该黑曜岩是地壳部分熔融的产物。冈底斯成矿带上成矿种类以多金属为主,松多黑曜岩的发现不仅初步圈定了一个非金属矿点,还为区域后续找矿工作和考古学研究提供了重要线索。     

吉林六批叶沟金矿床的发现及其地质意义

在夹皮沟金矿南部的溜河地区，通过认真详细的地表地质调查，发现规模较大、矿化蚀变较强的NW向韧一脆性剪切构造带，据此提出在带内寻找金矿的地质找矿设计。经数年勘查，终于发现了具有大型规模远景的六批叶沟金矿床，实现夹皮沟金矿外围地质找矿的重大突破，这对在太古宙高级区找金具有重要指导意义。     

太行山东麓井陉首次发现三趾马动物群

在太行山东麓井陉县首次发现了三趾马动物群,该动物群至少包括食肉目（猫科Felidae gen. et sp. indet. 和鬣狗科Hyaenidae gen. et sp. indet.）、奇蹄目（林氏列角犀Dihoplus ringstroemi和平齿三趾马Sivalhippus platyodus）、偶蹄目（原河猪Propotamochoerus sp.、弓颌猪Chleuastochoerus sp.、山西兽Schansitherium sp.、古麟Palaeotragus sp.、羊羚Dorcadoryx sp.、高庄羚羊Gazella gaozhuangensis和似葛氏羚羊G. cf. gaudryi）等,显示其时代可与山西榆社盆地高庄组桃阳段相对比,为晚中新世晚期至上新世最早期,约6.0~5.2 Ma,大致对应于MN（欧洲哺乳动物分期）13后段。由于该化石地点覆于唐县期夷平面上,显示了该夷平面的隆升时段当不早于上新世。另一方面,动物群面貌指示了一个与现代迥异的开放的、温暖湿润的森林草原环境。     

6H多型尼日利亚石的发现与研究

一、前言 尼日利亚石(Nigerite)系自然界稀有的一种含锡矿物,在我国发现得很少,目前国内有关它的研究报道有彭志忠教授等人的文章。该矿物首先由雅克布逊等于1947年从尼日利亚某伟晶岩中发现,后又在苏联、     

开江-梁平陆棚东南延伸部分——建南陆棚的发现

自王一刚发现开江-梁平陆棚后,作者对其东南延伸部位进行了追踪。通过地表露头剖面及钻井、地震资料等研究后认为,长兴期开江-梁平陆棚自宣汉达县、梁平及开江地区向东南延伸至建南地区,称之为建南陆棚,该陆棚可能与东部的鄂西陆棚相连。建南陆棚与开江-梁平陆棚既有相似性也有重大差别。相似性表现在两方面,一是沉积物岩性相似,都为泥晶灰岩;二是陆棚边缘都发育生物礁,生物礁顶部发育生屑滩白云岩储层。差别主要体现在四个方面:一是水体深度,建南陆棚水浅,开江-梁平陆棚水深,深水与浅水的交汇处在涪陵地区中石化二维地震剖面线TB16与TB17之间;二是斜坡坡度,开江-梁平陆棚边缘斜坡坡度陡,建南陆棚斜坡坡度缓;三是生物礁规模,开江-梁平陆棚边缘生物礁、白云岩储层厚度大,建南陆棚边缘生物礁、白云岩储层厚度小;四是陆棚发育时间,建南陆棚仅发育于长兴早中期,晚期因填平补齐而消失,开江-梁平陆棚发育于整个长兴期。建南陆棚与周边构成碳酸盐缓坡沉积模式,生物礁规模较小,生物礁是优质储发育的主要地区。     

Patterns in the crust: a key to ore discovery

Modern exploration geologists are confronted by a mass of information on the characteristics and localization of mineral deposits. Even so, the search for new economic deposits can be expensive and unrewarding. A theory developed by Tim O'Driscoll, consultant to the Australian mining giant Western Mining Corporation, attempts to explain the distribution of mineral deposits in terms of major crustal lineaments. The theory poses questions regarding the evolution of the Earth and planets, and creates problems for current plate tectonic theory.