中国煤中微量元素的丰度

根据现有的资料,得出中国不同地区煤中微量元素的背景值。由于分析样品分布不均和采用的测试方法各不相同,本文的数据还不能准确地代表中国煤中微量元素的平均丰度值。另外,我国不同地区、不同时代和不同地质背景下形成的煤层煤中微量元素丰度差异很大,必须从元素的资源化利用及其环境效应方面来分析元素的丰度。含量异常的元素要特别加强研究。进一步的测试和研究有助于更加全面地了解我国煤中微量元素的分布情况、地质成因及其对环境的潜在影响。     

煤中微量元素及其研究意义

煤中微量元素的研究意义重大和广泛.当前人们最为关注的是资源利用和环境污染两个方面.另外应用元素地球化学理论可以探讨成煤作用,一些微量元素可以用作煤层对比标志,微量元素对煤炭开采、加工、利用等方面都将产生影响.在我国,因煤炭的产量和消耗量巨大,研究煤中微量元素地球化学特征及其环境效应更具现实意义.     

煤中有害微量元素的赋存状态

基于前人资料的分析总结，系统探讨了煤中Ag等26种有害微量元素的赋存状态。研究结果表明：煤中有害元素或多或少都与无机质、有机质有联系，只是联系程度不同。有些在地壳中被认为彼此关系不大的元素，在煤中却密切相关。煤中B、Be、Br等主要以有机相赋存，其它有害元素主要与矿物质有关。     

稻米中微量元素及有机组分分布特征的研究

稻米中微量元素及有机组分分布特征的研究＠武正华￥中国科学院地球化学研究所微量元素,有机组分,分布特征,稻米稻米中微量元素及有机组分分布特征的研究武正华（中国科学院地球化学研究所,贵阳５５０００２）关键词微量元素有机组分分布特征稻米稻米的形成具有分层特征。这...     

煤中微量元素在土壤环境中的迁移

煤或煤矸石中的微量元素在水等条件作用下发生变化,并从其中析出随水体进入土壤环境中,在土壤环境中发生迁移和富集,其迁移的能力受土壤环境条件的制约.本文通过对煤的淋溶实验,分析了煤中微量元素在土壤环境中迁移的能力,根据对煤矸石堆周围土壤中微量元素在平面上和垂向上的含量变化,研究了微量元素在土壤环境中的富集能力及煤中微量元素对土壤环境的影响,为正确评价煤中微量元素在土壤中的环境效应提供依据.     

贵州西部煤层中若干有害微量元素的分布及迁移富集规律

煤中有害微量元素不仅影响煤的加工利用,而且对生态环境及人类健康有极大危害,本文利用现代分析测试手段,对贵州西部晚二叠世主采煤层中的有害微量元素Ａｓ,Ｆ,Ｈｇ,Ｐｔ,Ｃｄ等的含量,分布赋存状态及其迁移富集规律进行了研究。     

贵州水城地区煤矸石中微量元素综合利用评价

煤矸石中富含各种微量元素,其中很多元素都具有综合利用潜力,如在高镓矸石中,微量元素Ga含量可达到工业利用品位。矸石中也富含一些对植物生长有益的微量元素,这有利于利用煤矸石制作肥料和矸石山的复垦,但矸石中有些微量重金属元素含量过高时也会对环境造成一定的影响。为了更深入的查明煤矸石中微量元素的利用潜力和对环境的影响程度,选择重要产煤区水城为研究区域,对多个煤矿的煤矸石开展综合利用研究工作,采用ICP—MS对煤矸石中微量元素进行分析,并对煤矸石微量元素利用进行了综合评价。通过分析,认为Ag、co、Ga、zr、Nb和sc等6种微量元素有较大综合利用潜力,矸石中富含cu、zn、c0和M04种对植物生长有益的微量元素,但矸石中的cu、Ni、zn和Cr含量是对照背景值的2—3倍,可能会对环境造成一定的影响。     

有机溶剂辅助微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定多种原油中微量金属元素

建立了二氯甲烷溶剂辅助微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定原油中V、Cr、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、Mo、Co、Pb等16种微量金属元素。研究表明,用CH2Cl2分散原油样品,以浓HNO3-H2O2为消解体系,采用CEM微波消解系统消解样品,各元素线性关系良好,相关系数≥0.9995;检出限可达ng/L;方法精密度较高,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=3)<5.0%;回收率为92%～110%。以w(Ni)/w(V)与w(Fe)/w(V)比值为变量参数对不同原油样品进行聚类分析,表明国内与国外不同地区原油样品中各金属元素含量差异较大。     

淮南煤田深部A组煤中有害微量元素地球化学特征

以淮南煤田深部A 组煤为研究对象,全层刻槽采集了煤、夹矸和顶底板岩石样品,采用电感耦合等离子质谱仪 （ICP-MS） 测试分析了样品中13 种有害微量元素的含量,对比研究了其分布特征,结合Tessier 五步形态提取法和相关性分 析探讨了煤中有害微量元素的赋存形态。结果表明：（1） 与中国上陆壳中各种微量元素含量均值相比,淮南深部A 组煤中 B,As,Se,Mo,Cd,Pb,Hg 的富集系数均大于1,在A 组煤中表现为富集;A 组煤中B,As,Se,Cd 的含量均高于淮南煤 田上部B 组煤、华北煤以及中国煤中的含量均值;（2） 相关性分析和逐级提取实验结果表明,A 组煤中微量元素主要以残 渣态和铁锰氧化物结合态存在,两者质量分数之和达到55%~98%,其中Ni,Mo,Cd,Hg,Cu,Pb 和Zn 主要赋存于硫化物 矿物中,Mn 主要赋存于碳酸盐矿物中,V,Cr,Se,B 和As 主要赋存于硅铝酸盐等黏土矿物中。（3） B 元素示踪物源及沉 积环境结果显示,淮南煤田深部A 组煤成煤环境为海相咸水沉积环境,稳定的咸水沉积环境以及受海水影响等因素导致A 组煤中微量元素出现不同程度的富集。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱-逐级化学提取法研究低硫煤矸石中微量元素的赋存状态及其环境效应

煤矸石是我国堆存量最大的工业固体废物,本文应用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法、逐级化学提取法和相关性分析研究了淮北临涣矿区低硫煤矸石中10种微量元素的含量及赋存状态,并运用风险评价指数法评价其环境效应。结果表明,低硫煤矸石中Ba、Co、Cr、Mn、Ni、Pb、V含量均高于淮北煤和中国煤均值,Mn、V的富集系数大于1,有一定迁移风险。微量元素主要以残渣态和铁锰氧化物结合态存在,两者质量分数之和为68.87%~92.93%,其中Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn赋存于硫化物矿物中,V赋存于黏土矿物中,Mn赋存于碳酸盐矿物和硫化物矿物中。10种微量元素对环境的危害性大小为:MnZnNiPbCdCuBaVCrCo,表明低硫煤矸石堆存过程中活性态Mn对生态环境造成危害的可能性最大,由Mn可能引起的煤矸石山周边地区土壤及水体污染应当重视。     

Relationship between Thermal Metamorphism of Coal and the Periodic Variation Law of Geochemical Behavior of Elements: A Study on the C2 Coal Seam in the Fengfeng Mining Area of the Handan Coalfield in Hebei,China

This study highlights the response of the periodic variation of the geochemical behavior of elements to the thermal metamorphism of coal by considering the differentiation mode and differentiation degree of elements of the C2 coal seam in the Fengfeng mining area of the Handan Coalfield in Hebei, China. The periodic variation of the geochemical behavior of elements was observed to change towards a certain direction as the degree of metamorphism of a geological body increased. Based on the coincidence degree (or similarity degree) between the geochemical behavior of elements and periodic variation of elements, the 57 elements in this study were divided into two levels. The periodic variation of the geochemical behavior of first-level elements was largely synchronous with that of their first ionization energy, suggesting that only one differentiation mode exists and the elements are mainly inorganically associated. The differentiation mode of the second-level elements deviated to a certain extent from their first ionization energy; the larger the deviation, the more complicated and diverse was the differentiation mode. Among the second-level elements, the grade of coal metamorphism has evident and intuitive effects on the proportion of elements with particular structural features, such as the 4q+3 type of elements and the odd-odd elements. In addition, the distribution of elements in organic and inorganic matter within coal are subject to the structural features of the elements. The differentiation mode and differentiation intensity of elements could be characterized by the hierarchical parameter and differentiation intensity. The hierarchical parameter and differentiation intensity of certain elements showed a good positive or negative correlation with Rmax in coal. The 57 elements in this study were quantitatively ordered according to the degree of magmatic hydrothermal fluid influence and thermal metamorphism of coal through graphs depicting the goodness of fit, correlation coefficient with Rmax, and differentiation intensity. The results of this study are consistent with the results of previous field research, illustrating the scientific significance and application value of this study on the periodic variation of the geochemical behavior of elements.     

Mercury,Trace Elements and Organic Constituents in Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter,Shenandoah National Park,Virginia, USA: A Combined Approach to Sampling and Analysis

Compliance with U.S. air quality regulatory standards for atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) is based on meeting average 24 hour (35 μ m^?3) and yearly (15 μg m^?3) mass‐per‐unit‐volume limits, regardless of PM_2.5 composition. Whereas this presents a workable regulatory framework, information on particle composition is needed to assess the fate and transport of PM_2.5 and determine potential environmental/human health impacts. To address these important non‐regulatory issues an integrated approach is generally used that includes (1) field sampling of atmospheric particulate matter on filter media, using a size‐limiting cyclone, or with no particle‐size limitation; and (2) chemical extraction of exposed filters and analysis of separate particulate‐bound fractions for total mercury, trace elements and organic constituents, utilising different USGS laboratories optimised for quantitative analysis of these substances. This combination of sampling and analysis allowed for a more detailed interpretation of PM_2.5 sources and potential effects, compared to measurements of PM_2.5 abundance alone. Results obtained using this combined approach are presented for a 2006 air sampling campaign in Shenandoah National Park (Virginia, USA) to assess sources of atmospheric contaminants and their potential impact on air quality in the Park. PM_2.5 was collected at two sampling sites (Big Meadows and Pinnacles) separated by 13.6 km. At both sites, element concentrations in PM₂₅ were low, consistent with remote or rural locations. However, element/Zr crustal abundance enrichment factors greater than 10, indicating anthropogenic input, were found for Hg, Se, S, Sb, Cd, Pb, Mo, Zn and Cu, listed in decreasing order of enrichment. Principal component analysis showed that four element associations accounted for 84% of the PM_2.5 trace element variation; these associations are interpreted to represent: (1) crustal sources (Al, REE); (2) coal combustion (Se, Sb), (3) metal production and/or mobile sources (Mo, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn) and (4) a transient marine source (Sr, Mg). Concentrations of Hg in PM_2.5 at background levels in the single pg m^?3 were shown by collection and analysis of PM_2.5 on filters and by an automated speciation analyser set up at the Big Meadows air quality site. The speciation unit revealed periodic elevation of reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) that co‐occurred with peaks in SO₂, indicating an anthropogenic source. GC/MS total ion current chromatograms for the two sites were quite similar indicating that organic signatures were regional in extent and/or that the same compounds were present locally at each site. Calculated carbon preference index values for n‐alkanes indicated that plant waxes rather than anthropogenic sources, were the dominant alkane source. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected, with a predominance of non‐alkylated, and higher molecular weight PAHs in this fraction, suggestive of a combustion source (fossil fuel or forest fires).     

Selected Trace Elements in Snowpack on Urumqi Glacier No. 1, Eastern Tianshan, China: As Yielded by Leaching Treatment Representative of Real-World Environmental Conditions

To investigate the seasonal variability and potential environmental significance of trace elements in mountain glaciers, the surface snow and snow pit samples were collected at Urumqi Glacier No. 1 (43o06'N, 86o49'E, 4 130 m a.s.l.), eastern Tianshan (天山), from September 2002 to September 2003, and analyzed for Li, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, and Ba. The samples were acidified (leached) in a manner intended to reasonably approximate the extent to which the natural hydrologic and weathering cycles would liberate elem...     

基于地物光谱分析的WorldView-2数据岩性识别:以新疆乌鲁克萨依地区为例

针对新疆维吾尔自治区西昆仑乌鲁克萨依地区的岩性出露情况,采用WorldView-2遥感影像数据进行岩性识别研究。在分析研究区内不同岩性的实测光谱曲线特征的基础上,针对在岩性识别过程中出现的不同岩性色彩反差弱、异物同谱、岩层表层浅覆盖等一系列问题,结合高空间分辨率WorldView-2数据波段特点和数据统计特征,确定了最佳波段组合,并采用主成分分析降低了波段间的高相关性。在此基础上进行反差增强、纹理增强等处理,提高了不同岩性对比度,去除了外界因素对光谱信息的干扰,为精确识别不同岩性提供了可靠依据。     

沾化凹陷渤南洼陷沙一段湖相富有机质烃源岩岩石学与孔隙结构特征:以罗63井和义21井取心段为例

以沾化凹陷渤南洼陷罗63井和义21井沙一段取心段为例,依据研究样品的热解、全岩与黏土矿物X射线衍射、有机岩石学、孔隙度、氩离子抛光+扫描电镜以及微孔隙结构等分析结果,开展了沙一段湖相富有机质烃源岩岩石学与孔隙结构特征研究,结果表明：罗63井和义21井沙一段取心段富有机质烃源岩主要由碳酸盐矿物、黏土矿物和石英组成,另含少量长石、黄铁矿和石膏,其中黏土矿物主要由伊/蒙混层、伊利石组成,由取心段顶部至底部,碳酸盐矿物质量分数明显增高,而黏土矿物和石英则显著降低,呈现由钙质或灰质泥岩至演变为泥质灰岩的特征,岩石构造类型包括层状、纹层状和块状3类;罗63井和义21井沙一段取心段富有机质烃源岩平均孔隙度分别为2.09%和4.43%,具纹层状构造的烃源岩具有相对高的孔隙度;主要发育矿物基质孔隙（即粒间孔隙和粒内孔隙）和裂缝型孔隙两大类,而有机质孔隙不发育,孔隙半径从十几微米至几纳米的孔隙均有分布,以发育孔径50 nm以上的宏孔为主。