国产走航式声学海流剖面仪的应用分析

针对国产走航式声学海流剖面仪的应用性能进行评价,为用户及生产厂家提供借鉴。首先,就国产走航式声学海流剖面仪的实际数据,从不同角度和层面,全面分析和考察了其测量数据的各项性能,有针对性地绘制了各类图件,并通过数据质量、数据有效性、测流精度、测流深度等各方面的分析比对,对国产走航式声学海流剖面仪做出定性评价。其次,通过与国外同类仪器的以往应用情况进行对比分析,发现在船只转向和往复航行、加速和减速航行、高速航行时,国产走航式声学海流剖面仪表现更佳。最后,基于应用中的不足给出相关建议。     

超长距离跨海二等水准测量的数据处理与应用

为验证改进的精密三角高程法在10 km级超长距离跨海二等水准测量的可行性,参照规范的观测要求和限差规定,采取每时段分组观测的方法,通过合理限制各组间的高差互差值来筛选出合格测段,计算得到跨海段的高差值.以15 km的海湾构成跨海大地四边形进行应用试验,结果表明跨海高差与陆地常规水准高差之间的互差值分别为1.5、0.2、...     

CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在水生甲壳动物中的应用进展

CRISPR/Cas9(Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9)技术是一种由gRNA(guide RNA)引导的Cas9核酸内切酶靶向编辑技术,已广泛用于基因的敲除、敲入和敲降,其操作简便快速,成本低,已成为人们探究基因功能、修复受损基因、沉默有害基因以及改良经济物种种质性状的重要工具。目前,该技术已经在少数几种水生甲壳动物中得到成功应用,但是由于显微注射技术在应用上的局限性,该技术在许多重要海水养殖经济物种如对虾中的应用受到限制,导致其基因编辑效率低下,难以广泛开展。本文对CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在水生甲壳动物中的应用进行了综述和展望,为今后海水养殖虾蟹类的基因功能研究以及遗传育种研究提供参考。     

两类双结构矩阵的标准型及其应用

给出2类双结构矩阵的标准型。作为应用,还利用新得出的标准型对这2类双结构矩阵特征值问题发展了结构算法,其中对第一类双结构矩阵特征值问题发展了只用实运算的结构算法。     

中国赤潮发生频率的变化趋势及其多发年份的R/S预测

根据1989-2006年中国海洋灾害公报中公布的中国赤潮发生频率的数据资料,建立近18a来中国赤潮发生频率的时间序列,采用平均差值法、最小二乘法和自回归滑动平均法这3种趋势分析方法,统计检验了其长期变化趋势。并基于分形理论利用重标极差分析(R/S分析)的原理和方法,计算了Hurst指数,建立了R(i)/S(i)与i的关系模型,对中国赤潮多发年份进行了预测分析。结果表明,近18a来中国赤潮发生频率变化的趋势值分别为bAV=0.14356,bLS=0.12875和bAR(1)=0.12861,均为正值,赤潮发生频率呈显著的增加趋势;赤潮多发年份的变化呈现分布式布朗运动的特征,R(i)/S(i)与i之间存在HR(i)/S(i)=(a×i)的函数关系,具有可预测性。根据预测2007年和2008年仍然是赤潮的多发年份,这与实际统计结果一致。基于目前赤潮发生机制尚不完全清楚的现状,利用赤潮发生频率的时间序列自身进行赤潮多发年的预测可能是一条有效的途径。     

海洋环流模式中卫星遥感资料同化的应用进展

物理海洋研究长久以来一直受到观测资料不足的制约,然而这一状况随着现代观测技术的迅猛发展得到了很大的改善。卫星遥感技术的发展提供了覆盖全球的、连续、实时的卫星观测数据,这是其他任何资料都无法比拟的。这些数据大部分难以直接运用来改善气候预测或数值模拟分析,然而资料同化技术的出现和发展改善了这一情况。     

再探温跃层有孔虫B/Ca与温度和[CO32-]的依赖性及其在24 ka以来热带西太平洋次表层碳酸盐系统重建中的应用

The B/Ca ratio of planktonic foraminifer shells has been used as a proxy for reconstructing past ocean carbonate chemistry. However, recent studies have revealed significant uncertainties associated with this proxy, such as whether seawater temperature or [ CO_3~(2-)] is the dominant control on the partition coefficient(K_D) of planktonic foraminiferal B/Ca. To address these uncertainties and thus improve our understanding of the planktonic foraminiferal B/Ca proxy, we analysed B/Ca ratios in the tests of Neogloboquadrina dutertrei(300–355 μm) and Pulleniatina obliquiloculata(355–400 μm) in surface sediment samples from the tropical western Pacific and South China Sea. The relationship between these B/Ca ratios and bottom water calcite saturation states(Δ[ CO_3~(2-)]) is weak, thus suggesting only a small dissolution effect on the B/Ca of the two species. The correlation coefficients(R~2) between the B/Ca ratios of N. dutertrei and P. obliquiloculata and environmental parameters(e.g., temperature, salinity, phosphate, DIC and ALK) in the tropical western Pacific and South China Sea are not high enough to justify using B/Ca ratios as a palaeoenvironmental proxy in the study areas. The significant correlation between K_D values of N. dutertrei and P. obliquiloculata and carbonate system parameters(e.g.,[ CO_3~(2-)], DIC, ALK, pH and [ HCO_3~-]) in the study area reflect chemical links between the K_D denominator and these variables. Based on our surface sediment calibration, an empirical relationship between the K_D of N.dutertrei and temperature is proposed in the tropical western Pacific. We also generated a record of B/Ca ratios in N. dutertrei(300–355 μm) from Core MD06-3052 in the tropical western Pacific over the past 24 ka to evaluate the application of the revised B/Ca proxy method. Based on the reconstructed empirical relationship for B/Ca and subsurface seawater ALK, we estimated subsurface seawater carbonate system parameters in the tropical western Pacific since 24 ka. In general, the estimated subsurface seawater pH and [ CO_3~(2-)] show an increase with time, and the record of subsurface seawater pCO_2 shows a decrease with time, in the tropical western Pacific over the past 24 ka. The consistent trends in subsurface seawater pCO_2 and opal flux during deglaciation may imply that the reported increase in subsurface water pCO_2 in the study area was promoted by enhanced upwelling in the Southern Ocean.     

赤道太平洋温度纬向对流距平分析及其与El Ni(n)o/La Ni(n)a的关系

本文用最近 20 年赤道太平洋温度、流场资料,诊断了绝热不可压缩热平衡方程中纬向对流项,并且利用 EOF 分析方法,讨论了纬向对流距平变化及其与 El Nino/La Nina 的关系。分析发现:赤道太平洋温度纬向对流距平 EOF 分析第一模态反映了在经向的振荡,第二模态反映了在纬向的振动,它们都与 El Nino/LaNina 有密切的联系。这两个模态占了总量的 70%左右。纬向温度对流距平在 3°S~3°N、3°S 以南和 3°N 以北分为正负相间的三个不同的区域,当 3°S 以南和 3°N 以北的区域温度纬向对流正/负距平沿着斜温层向西太平洋移动时,赤道区域的温度纬向对流负/正距平则穿越斜温层向东太平洋移动,形成以赤道为对称的南北两个回路。对应赤道,在 3°S 以南和 3°N 以北区域的纬向温度对流距平并不是对称的,它们在位相、中心强度和中心强度位置上都是不同的,其中 3°N 以北与赤道区域形成一个比较明显的回路,而赤道以南的回路就不是那么明显。在赤道西太平洋暖池,温度的纬向对流有很大的贡献。在 El Nino 发生前一年,赤道西太平洋暖池,主要暖的对流发生在赤道和其以南地区。     

资料同化技术的发展及其在海洋科学中的应用

同顾了资料同化技术,特别是基于最优控制和统计估计这两大理论基础发展起来的几种资料同化方法的研究进展,以及这些方法在海洋科学研究中的应用现状.可以看到,由于海洋观测资料(如地转海洋学实时观测阵(Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanography,Argo)、热带大气海洋阵列(Trop...     

Application of satellite communication to hydrographic data processing

The Hydrographic Department and the Information Systems Department at the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) successfully transmitted coastal area sounding and position data collected by USNS John McDonnell, a recently built survey vessel, from the Gulf of Mexico to NAVOCEANO at Stennis Space Center, Mississippi.

Two external modems were used to modulate and demodulate the data that were received from a MICROVAX 3400 aboard USNS McDonnell and sent to the Intergraph Interactive Workstation at NAVOCEANO via the MARISTAT communication satellite. The Kermit file transfer protocol was used to bridge the different operating environments between input/output (I/O) devices and central processors.

Office processors were able to evaluate the data prior to the departure of the survey platform from the area. From this data, smooth sheets‐were produced. Equipment upgrades and more efficient use of satellite availability within the entire INMARSAT system should allow near‐real‐time editing and validation of field hydro‐graphic data.     

多波束测深数据处理及成图

针对多波束测深系统测量的特点,分别分析声速改正技术和潮位改正技术。从声速在海水中的传播出发,阐述海水中声速的测量,对声速的较正方法进行探讨,随后针对潮汐效应的影响,对多波束测深数据进行潮位改正,并利用海上试验实测的多波束测深数据,将处理后的数据绘制成海底地形数字地图。     

基于GIS数据仓库的激光单分子海洋油气化探数据可视化处理

采用基于地理信息系统(GIS)的数据仓库技术,以激光单分子海洋油气化探数据处理与评价作为数据仓库主题,实现了激光单分子海洋油气化探数据的可视化处理。将可视化处理分为4个步骤:数据预处理、异常背景分析、异常分析、异常综合评价;使用MAPX、DELPHI等软件研制开发了相应的可视化软件模块。通过对渤海湾盆地某测区实测的甲苯化探数据的处理,验证了所开发技术的实用性。     

利用MATLAB实时处理GPS数据

利用MATLAB软件环境,现场接收并实时处理海上地球物理调查过程中的GPS定位数据,剔除原始数据中的跳点,处理定位误差。采用样条拟合对测线进行拟合光滑,绘制各步处理结果的图形,并将处理前后的航向、航速数据及由此计算出的Eotvos改正值绘制成的曲线进行比较,结果表明:由原始数据计算得到的定位误差较大,与实际船体航行的轨迹有一定差距,而用经过MATLAB处理后的数据计算得到的定位误差较小,航向、航速等与船体航行的真实航迹接近,由此计算出的Eotvos改正值的精度也达到了海上重力测量中Eotvos改正的要求,保证了地球物理数据的质量。     

走航ADCP数据处理与质量控制方法研究

介绍了声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)测流的基本原理和利用ADCP自带软件进行原始数据处理过程中需要设置的关键参数;着重论述了ADCP数据标准化处理和质量控制方法的研究,并利用实测数据对研究方法进行了验证。结果表明,本文研究的方法针对ADCP底跟踪观测数据处理效果良好,并可为GPS跟踪模式下的ADCP数据处理和质量控制提供可行的技术参考。     

GPS数据采集技术及其在海洋调查中的应用

本文应用VB6．0开发了智能化的GPS数据采集软件．对该软件的功能进行了简单的介绍，同时对一些关键技术作了较详细的描述。利用该软件、GPS接收机及PC机的组合，可对走航式测量仪器(或移动设备)进行实时定位并保存定位记录，且大大减少一些不必要的数据，使得软件更为实用。     

Data Assimilation Modeling of the Barotropic Tides in the Korea/Tsushima Strait

During 1999–2000, 13 bottom mounted acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) and 12 wave/tide gauges were deployed along two lines across the Korea/Tsushima Strait, providing long-term measurements of currents and bottom pressure. Tidally analyzed velocity and pressure data from the moorings are used in conjunction with other moored ADCPs, coastal tide gauge measurements, and altimeter measurements in a linear barotropic data assimilation model. The model fits the vertically averaged data to the linear shallow water equations in a least-squares sense by only adjusting the incoming gravity waves along the boundaries. Model predictions are made for the O₁, P₁, K₁, μ₂, N₂, M₂, S₂, and K₂ tides. An extensive analysis of the accuracy of the M₂ surface-height predictions suggests that for broad regions near the mooring lines and in the Jeju Strait the amplitude prediction errors are less than 0.5 cm. Elsewhere, the analysis suggests that errors range from 1 to 4 cm with the exception of small regions where the tides are not well determined by the dataset. The errors in the model predictions are primarily caused by bias error in the model’s physics, numerics, and/or parameterization as opposed to random errors in the observational data. In the model predictions, the highest ranges in sea level height occur for tidal constituents M₂, S₂, K₁, O₁, and N₂, with the highest magnitudes of tidal velocities occurring for M₂, K₁, S₂, and O₁. The tides exhibit a complex structure in which diurnal constituents have higher currents relative to their sea level height ranges than semi-diurnal constituents.     

船载ADCP测量误差的因素分析和校正方法

系统归纳和分析了引起船载ADCP测量误差的主要因素和校正方法。结合实际经验对ADCP资料后处理中的难点问题提出了解决方案,并且取得了良好的结果。     

A set of canonical problems in sloshing. Part 0: Experimental setup and data processing

In a series of attempts to research and document relevant sloshing type phenomena, a series of experiments have been conducted. The aim of this paper is to describe the setup and data processing of such experiments. A sloshing tank is subjected to angular motion. As a result pressure registers are obtained at several locations, together with the motion data, torque and a collection of image and video information. The experimental rig and the data acquisition systems are described. Useful information for experimental sloshing research practitioners is provided. This information is related to the liquids used in the experiments, the dying techniques, tank building processes, synchronization of acquisition systems, etc. A new procedure for reconstructing experimental data, that takes into account experimental uncertainties, is presented. This procedure is based on a least squares spline approximation of the data. Based on a deterministic approach to the first sloshing wave impact event in a sloshing experiment, an uncertainty analysis procedure of the associated first pressure peak value is described.     

东沙海域复杂海况下单源单缆长排列地震资料处理*

大量研究表明南海北部东沙海域的中生界地层具有很好的油气成藏条件, 是油气勘探的有利区域。但中生界地层构造成像不清晰限制了该区域油气资源的准确评价。本文利用在该海域采用单源单缆长排列采集的三维地震数据, 提出了对该类数据的优化处理技术方案, 以期获得中生界地层的清晰成像。处理过程主要包括各种噪音干扰和不同类型多次波的压制, 尤其是比较严重的海洋湍流干扰压制, 提高中深层反射信号信噪比; 通过压制气泡和压缩子波提高地震反射的分辨率; 同时利用高密度速度分析进行各向异性双谱非双曲线动校正, 提高成像质量, 使波组特征、振幅特征更为明显。针对密集二维采集数据特点, 通过合理的面元规则化处理, 使得覆盖次数均匀和横向分辨率提高, 实现高精度三维成像。本研究针对噪音干扰较严重的单源单缆长排列加密地震资料, 按照三维地震资料进行数据处理, 处理后明显突出了浅、中、深各层的有效信息, 特别是针对中生界的成像质量改善更为明显, 形成了一套行之有效的处理流程, 为今后邻近区块的勘探和资料处理提供了技术基础, 也为东沙海域的油气勘探与评价提供了科学依据。