苏单格庙气田煤系烃源岩生烃特征评价

通过热解法对苏里格庙气田煤系源岩的有机质丰度、生烃潜力及其有机质类型进行了研究。结果表明：苏里格庙气田太原组、本溪组以及山西组的煤和碳质泥岩为非烃源岩，大部分山西组煤系泥岩属于差-中等烃源岩，少部分为非烃源岩，太原组则为非烃源岩。源岩中有机碳含量和生烃潜量不受其成熟度的影响，且有机碳含量和生油潜量呈明显的正相关关系。苏里格庙气田太原组和本溪组源岩为Ⅲ型干酪根；山西组源岩中1个样品为Ⅱ：型干酪根，其余都为Ⅲ型干酪根。     

苏里格地区山西组烃源岩地化特征及生烃能力评价

鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格地区上古生界地层为海陆交互及河流-湖泊三角洲相的石炭-二叠系含煤岩系。下二叠统山西组发育煤和暗色泥岩二类烃源岩。根据苏里格及周边地区大量钻井岩芯样品的残余有机碳含量,干酪根同位素,有机质显微组份组成,干酪根镜质体反射率（Ro）等地球化学数据,综合分析了下二叠统山西组烃源岩的有机质丰度,类型和热演化程度。采用有机碳产烃率法,分别计算了煤层和暗色泥岩的生烃强度。在此基础上,结合苏里格地区山西组成藏特征,综合评价认为山西组生烃能力居于中等偏低的级别。     

柴达木盆地侏罗系煤系烃源岩生烃潜力分类评价

柴达木盆地侏罗系发育泥岩、炭质泥岩、煤和油页岩等多种类型煤系烃源岩。受沉积环境控制,不同类型烃源岩之间有机质丰度、有机质类型及生排烃模式等差别很大。传统的评价方法低估了炭质泥岩和煤的生烃潜力。提出了基于单位岩石烃源岩产烃率的定量评价方法,对不同类型烃源岩的总生烃量和总资源量定量预测表明：炭质泥岩对侏罗系生烃总量和油气资源的贡献率分别达到44.8%和41.7%,整体提升了柴达木盆地侏罗系烃源岩的资源潜力,煤型气的资源潜力大幅度提高,对柴达木盆地天然气勘探具有重要指导意义。     

阜阳地区古城低凸起煤系烃源岩生烃潜力分析

对阜阳地区古城低凸起上古生界石炭-二叠系煤系烃源岩的有机质丰度、类型和成熟度进行了评价,认为上古生界主要烃源岩层是煤系地层,有机质类型以腐殖型为主,含少量混合型。通过对煤系烃源岩有机质的显微组分组成特征的分析,认为煤系地层具有生烃的能力,但以生气为主。有机质演化程度适中,总体上达到低成熟一成熟阶段。原油部分受到生物降解,通过油源对比表明：油气来自本区的石炭-二叠系,与石炭系的暗色泥岩和煤岩具有更近的亲源关系。古城低凸起为阜阳地区油气勘探的有利地区。     

焉耆盆地煤系源岩特征、生烃机理及烃源岩倾向性研究

焉耆盆地位于南天山造山带东部,是在华力西期褶皱基底上形成的中新生代含煤沉积盆地.作为西部地区一个小型的侏罗纪含油气盆地,焉耆盆地除与周缘的塔里木、吐哈盆地有相似性外,亦有自己独特的地质条件,即:改造型盆地、煤系生烃和高地温梯度.通过研究认为,煤系源岩特征是决定生烃能力的内因,高地温梯度则是促使油气生成的外因.笔者通过现今地温的测量和岩石热导率的分析,认为焉耆盆地博湖坳陷现今地温梯度较高,其原因主要是该盆地大地热流值较高,认为地温梯度高的原因来自地内深处.从侏罗系煤系源岩的类型、特征、分布,到对其有机显微组分:镜质组、惰性组、壳质组、腐泥组的组成,开展了侏罗纪煤系烃源岩倾气倾油性评价;尤其是进行热压模拟实验,开展中下侏罗统煤岩、碳质泥岩和煤系泥岩热压模拟液态烃、气态烃产率分析.指出侏罗系煤系源岩液态产烃率以煤岩为最高、泥岩次之、碳质泥岩最差;气态产烃率则以泥岩为最高、煤岩次之、碳质泥岩最差.     

浅析中国中西部盆地煤系烃源岩成烃研究

烃源岩作为石油、天然气的母源，在油气地质研究和油气勘探中占有相当重的位置。伴随着传统生油理论“源控论”的发展，煤系烃源岩的发展也得到了广泛的关注，其研究内容也不断拓展。根据煤系烃源岩的有机质度及相关指标，指出煤系烃源岩可以成烃，只是作为未成熟－低成熟的向油气转化阶段，同时也能够在一定条件下成为工业性价值的煤系地层油气藏。中国西北部地区广泛存在煤系地层，同时也发现煤系有机质转化为烃类，对比西北部，中国中西部的含煤地层，存在构造的复杂因素，在转化过程中考虑的因素很多，因此在研究煤系地层的成烃作用时，必须慎重，结合综合指标才能判断。     

地史过程中烃源岩有机质丰度和生烃潜力变化的模拟计算

在同时考察源岩中有机质因生、排烃而损失和无机质因成岩作用而失重的基础上，模拟计算了地史过程中，随有机质类型、初始有机质丰度、成熟度及排烃效率的改变，烃源岩有机质丰度和生烃潜力的变化，探讨了有机碳恢复系数及生烃潜力损失率的可能变化范围。结果表明，地史过程中，有机质生烃潜力和有机质丰度的变化主要取决于源岩的生、排烃效率，对性质偏差的有机质，有机质的实测丰度随演化程度的增高不降反升；而对位于高成熟阶段的优质有机质，有机碳的恢复系数可达2以上；随有机质类型变好和成熟度升高，生烃潜力损失率增高；一般情况下，有机质生烃潜力的恢复幅度比有机质丰度的恢复大得多。     

中口子盆地侏罗系煤系烃源岩地球化学特征及生烃潜力评价

甘肃-内蒙古交界处的北山盆地群侏罗系是我国西北地区潜在的油气勘探新领域。为加深对该盆地群资源潜力的认识,以有机地球化学分析数据为基础,探讨了其中煤系烃源岩的沉积环境、有机质来源,建立了该烃源岩生烃潜力评价标准。研究结果表明,中口子盆地侏罗系烃源岩干酪根类型以Ⅱ₁-Ⅱ₂型为主,生烃母质主要是陆生植物,含少量的藻类和水生生物,主要形成于三角洲平原沼泽或湖侵期的间湾湖泊等氧气量适中的弱氧化-弱还原沉积环境。生烃潜量和氢指数是衡量煤系源岩有机质丰度、生烃潜力和生油潜力最有效的指标,根据生烃潜力评价标准：黑帐房凹陷侏罗系暗色泥岩多属于中-差烃源岩,南泉凹陷暗色泥岩生烃潜力级别优于黑帐房凹陷,主要为中-好烃源岩;南泉凹陷炭质泥岩大多数属于中等-好油源岩,煤岩大多属于差油源岩。     

松辽盆地双城-太平川地区烃源岩生烃潜力评价

双城-太平川地区为松辽盆地北部重要的油气勘探区域,通过对该区青1段、青2 3段、嫩1段和侏罗系暗色泥岩的有机质丰度和成熟度的综合分析,结果表明成熟的青1段泥岩是该地区最主要的烃源岩,青2 3段有局部的生烃贡献,嫩1段的生烃意义有限,侏罗系只能作为煤成气烃源岩。利用热演化程度参数推断出该区源岩的生烃模式和两个生烃高峰阶段。在此基础上,通过对不同构造单元的青1段泥岩生烃潜力与成熟度的综合评价,明确了该区3个有利的青1段生烃方位。     

Innovation of experimental methodology for adsorbed gases on hydrocarbon-source rocks

As compared to the device developed by our predecessors, the newly developed adsorbed gas degasification-collection device has a series of advantages such as wide sample application range, large sample inlet, high vacuum, short-time sample smashing, low crushing temperature and water-free gas collection, which ensure the geochemical characteristics of acquired adsorbed gas samples to be the same as those of the adsorbed gases on corresponding hydrocarbon-source rocks. The results showed that the acquired adsorbed gases are composed mainly of hydrocarbon gas and carbon dioxide gas, with the hydrocarbon gas accounting for more than 80%, and can be measured reliably for their δ13C1-δ13C3 data, even δ13C4-δ13C5 data. The results of carbon isotope test and analysis satisfy the needs for the geochemical study and application of adsorbed gases. The above new techniques of experimental geochemistry are helpful for establishing the new direct natural gas-source correlation method, proving that the previous usual method of indirect natural gas-source correlation is scientific and authentic, thus providing the experimental basis for the study and application of adsorbed gases on hydrocarbon-source rocks.     

Geologic framework for the coal-bearing rocks of the Central Appalachian Basin

Coal production has been an important economic factor in the Central Appalachian Basin. However, regional stratigraphic and structural relationships of the coal-bearing rocks of the basin have been poorly understood due to numerous separate nomenclatural schemes employed by various states. In order to estimate coal resources and understand mechanisms controlling the distribution of coal within the basin, a reliable geologic framework is necessary. Seven detailed cross sections across the Central Appalachian Basin were constructed in order to examine the stratigraphic and structural framework of the coal-bearing rocks in the basin. The cross sections were based on more than 1000 oil and gas well logs, measured sections, and borehole information from Kentucky, Ohio, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia.The cross sections revealed three main points discussed here: southeast thickening of the Pennsylvanian strata, uncomfortable northwestward onlapping relationship of Lower Pennsylvanian strata over underlying Lower Pennsylvanian and Mississippian strata and regional continuity of beds. The cross sections, geologic mapping, coal-resource studies, extensive new highway exposures and the occurrence of tonstein beds indicate that many coal beds and marine strata are laterally extensive, albeit locally variable across the basin. Certain quartzose sandstone bodies are also extensive over large areas of the basin.Existing stratigraphic nomenclature schemes obscured the geologic framework of the basin, so a new unified nomenclature scheme was devised to better describe stratigraphic features of the basin. The new stratigraphic nomenclature, now only formalized for Kentucky, was based on key stratigraphic units that proved to be extensive across the basin. Lower and Middle Pennsylvanian rocks are now recognized as the Breathitt Group (the Breathitt Formation was elevated to group rank). The Breathitt Group was subdivided into eight coal-bearing formations by relatively thick marine strata, and, in the lower part of the Breathitt Group, by quartzose sandstone formations. The new coal-bearing units are formally ranked as formations and, in ascending order, are the Pocahontas, Bottom Creek, Alvy Creek, Grundy, Pikeville, Hyden, Four Corners and Princess Formations. The quartzose sandstone units are also formally ranked as formations and are, in ascending order, the Warren Point, Sewanee, Bee Rock and Corbin Sandstones. The sandstone formations were previously recognized units in some states, but have been extended (formally in Kentucky) across the basin. The key stratigraphic marine units are formally ranked as members, and are, in ascending order, the Betsie Shale Member, the Kendrick Shale Member, Magoffin Member and Stoney Fork Member.     

Optical characteristics of amorphous kerogens and the hydrocarbon-generating potential of source rocks

Four recurring types of amorphous kerogen are optically identified in petroleum source rock samples and are related to hydrocarbon-generating potential (defined here as geochemically interpreted oil-prone or gas-prone). At this time a genetic classification is not possible. The different amorphous kerogen types are distinguished on the basis of microscopic textural differences: Type A — chunky compact masses with mottled network or weak polygonal textures; Type B — very small, dense, elongate, oval, or rounded individual grains; Type C — clumpswith granular, fragmented or globular textures; Type D — thin, platy, or rectangular individual grains. Geochemistry defined oil-prone samples generally contain Types A and/or D separately or combined; geochemically defined gas-prone samples rarely contain Type A and vary in amounts of Types B, C, and/or D.The samples in this study contain dominantly one of the four types of amorphous kerogen, so the geochemical analyses of the whole rock or bulk concentrated kerogen samples are assumed to be analyses of the dominant amorphous type. The samples were chemically analyzed by several techniques to determine the oil- or gas-generating potential. The establishment of relations between specific optical and chemical properties of kerogen types can make visual kerogen analyses more meaningful in predicting the hydrocarbon generation potential of source rocks.     

煤系沉积岩应力–应变与应变–渗透率特征

通过对济宁三号煤矿岩样进行现场采取和室内试验分析,探究对开采有威胁的3煤层顶板砂岩和红层的渗透率特征。试验结果表明,中粗砂岩的渗透率最大,泥岩样的渗透率相对较小;应力对岩石的渗透率有很大的影响,主要体现在节理的法向闭合和剪胀效应,其中应力剪胀能显著地改变岩石节理的渗透性;岩石应变渗透率曲线,表现出渗透率峰值"滞后"的特点;在岩石处于弹塑性阶段时候,渗透率的变化剧烈且具有不可预测性,然而岩石渗透率与体积应变有很好的一致性。通过对实验结果的归纳总结,本文将岩石在全应力应变过程中渗透率变化划分成5个阶段:微裂隙压密闭合阶段、微裂隙随机扩展阶段、裂隙扩展贯通阶段、裂隙错动充分发育阶段和裂隙二次闭合阶段。     

Evaluation of the oil and gas preservation conditions,source rocks,and hydrocarbon-generating potential of the Qiangtang Basin: New evidence from the scientific drilling project

The Qiangtang Basin of the Tibetan Plateau, located in the eastern Tethys tectonic domain, is the largest new marine petroliferous region for exploration in China. The scientific drilling project consisting primarily of well QK-1 and its supporting shallow boreholes for geological surveys (also referred to as the Project) completed in recent years contributes to a series of new discoveries and insights into the oil and gas preservation conditions and source rock evaluation of the Qiangtang Basin. These findings differ from previous views that the Qiangtang Basin has poor oil and gas preservation conditions and lacks high-quality source rocks. As revealed by well QK-1 and its supporting shallow boreholes in the Project, the Qiangtang Basin hosts two sets of high-quality regional seals, namely an anhydrite layer in the Quemo Co Formation and the gypsum-bearing mudstones in the Xiali Formation. Moreover, the Qiangtang Basin has favorable oil and gas preservation conditions, as verified by the comprehensive study of the sealing capacity of seals, basin structure, tectonic uplift, magmatic activity, and groundwater motion. Furthermore, the shallow boreholes have also revealed that the Qiangtang Basin has high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks in the Upper Triassic Bagong Formation, which are thick and widely distributed according to the geological and geophysical data. In addition, the petroleum geological conditions, such as the type, abundance, and thermal evolution of organic matter, indicate that the Qiangtang Basin has great hydrocarbon-generating potential.©2023 China Geology Editorial Office.     

大牛地气田石炭—二叠系烃源岩生烃潜力

大牛地气田上古生界石炭—二叠系烃源岩为煤系烃源岩(主要为煤岩和暗色泥岩),有机质类型以Ⅲ型干酪根为主,烃源岩演化成熟度较高,Ro基本在1.5%左右。烃源岩存在3期生烃演化过程,分别为三叠纪期间、侏罗纪期间和古近纪期间。烃源岩(泥岩+煤岩)累计生烃量为8万多亿m~3,煤岩生烃贡献占85%。石炭—二叠系烃源岩现今累计生烃强度高值区主要分布在大牛地气田的东南部、西北部以及西部地区。     

克拉美丽气田石炭系火山岩复杂岩性岩电特征

准噶尔盆地东部克拉美丽气田石炭系火山岩岩石类型复杂多样,且同一岩性由于结构、构造和成分的差异,电性特征差异亦较大,岩性识别困难。本文通过对该区14口井取心段岩电关系研究,认为自然伽马、电阻率、密度三种曲线岩性特征响应明显; 电阻率、中子、密度、声波四条曲线对火山岩岩石构造特征响应明显。并编制了岩性和岩石构造测井识别交会图版11张。进而利用电测资料识别出该区11种火山岩岩石类型: 正长斑岩、二长斑岩、玄武岩、粗面岩、英安岩、流纹岩、霏细岩、沉凝灰岩、熔结凝灰岩、火山角砾岩和熔结火山角砾岩; 识别出5种岩石构造类型: 正长斑岩中气孔及块状构造和玄武岩中杏仁、碎裂及块状构造。通过本区12口钻井取心后验,测井识别结果与钻井岩心分析结果吻合良好,可作为地区性火山岩测井岩性、岩石构造识别模式。     

松辽盆地庆深气田储层火山岩锆石地质年代学研究

庆深气田储层火山岩由多期火山喷发叠置形成,分布于白垩系下统营城组,以酸性喷发岩为主。火山岩离子探针(SHRIMP)U-Pb锆石年龄测定结果表明,储层火山岩年龄集中在111~115Ma,介于早白垩世晚期阿普第阶(Aptian)和阿尔布阶(Albian)分界线附近。兴城与升平两个天然气产区储层火山岩测年结果对比表明,它们是同一时代火山作用产物,并非以前所认为的兴城地区火山岩属营城组一段,升平地区火山岩属营城组三段。该成果对于松辽盆地火山岩气藏的勘探开发具有重要的实际意义。     

梵王寺井田含煤岩系沉积环境分析

从收集整理以往资料入手,以梵王寺井田地质资料为基础,分析梵王寺井田含煤岩系、沉积环境与聚煤特征。本井田含煤岩系与沉积体系主要为：滨海弱障壁泻湖潮坪体系、有潮汐影响的浅水三角洲（水下）体系、多河系浅水三角洲（水上）、体系以及由曲流河为主的冲击平原体系。其中,在滨海弱障壁泻湖潮坪和浅水三角洲（水上）成煤期成煤环境较好,利于成煤。