川江流域防护林区林地的保护性利用

川江流域防护林区森林地面积仅占全区林地面积的44％,而疏林地、灌木林地、未成林造林地、宜林地等尚需抚育或营造的林地占56％,其中宜林地尚有20％。在分析区内林地利用现状的同时,指出了各类林地的主要土壤类型、主要问题及造林或抚育的难易。着重从森林营造和管理角度,提出了相应的保护林地措施。     

SOIL,SUBSOIL, AND FOREST COMPOSITION IN SOUTH-CENTRAL MICHIGAN,USA

Although soil texture is an important predictor of upland forest composition in southern Michigan, the relationship in some areas is weak and other environmental factors may exert stronger control on species composition. One of these may be concealed subsoil lithology where coarse-textured glaciofluvial sediments are buried beneath finer-textured till. Samples of forest composition, soil, and subsoil characteristics from 48 less-disturbed woodlots in the south-central Lower Peninsula reveal that upland oaks and hickories are predominant where the till veneer is thin and sand and gravel are relatively near the surface. Where till is relatively thick and outwash is deeply buried, woodlot composition is sugar maple-beech. In each of these cases, soil texture is unrelated to stand composition. The likely effect of buried near-surface glaciofluvial sediments is moisture stress such that xeric species dominate these drier sites. The influence of subsoil on forest geography is a significant new finding with regard to southern Michigan and has possible application elsewhere in glaciated eastern North America.     

昆明西山森林公园旅游垃圾管理研究

采用了情景模拟、现场观测和访谈等方法研究了昆明西山森林公园旅游垃圾管理中存在的问题,研究发现：（1）游道两侧垃圾散落严重,且多分布于隐蔽区域;（2）公园内存在诸多隐形休息区,同时也是旅游垃圾管理的盲区;（3）环卫设施设计忽视人体工学原理;（4）垃圾分类概念模糊,缺乏规范标准;（5）环境教育意识淡薄,多流于形式。研究发现依据旅游垃圾的二次利用性进行分类、重视环境教育、合理设计和布局环卫设施、科学分类收集和合理分类处理等措施有利于西山森林公园旅游垃圾的有效管理。     

西双版纳山地不同森林景观鸟类多样性

研究了在不同形式人类经济活动下的森林景观变化与西双版纳地区鸟类多样性的关系．同时对发展生产时的用地布局和维护森林景观的动态发展与提高人们生活质量和持续发展的关系进行了讨论．     

USING UPLAND FOREST IN SHIMENTAI NATURE RESERVE,CHINA*

ABSTRACT. The Shimentai Nature Reserve in Yingde County, Guangdong Province, China, established recently in a subtropical upland forest area, has served for ages as an essential and customary source of livelihood for local people. Assessment of forest usage indicates heavy reliance by villagers on its diversified biotic resources. This forest dependence, associated with socioeconomic factors such as distance from village, ethnic origin, out‐migration of rural youngsters, and a local tradition of conservation, is unlikely to decline in the near future. The reserve management recognizes the need to address the livelihood issues of local people and to win local support. A pragmatic adherence to provincial and higher‐level policies that exclude forest‐tapping activities could lead to more people‐versus‐park conflicts, which would dilute fundamental conservation objectives. A more enlightened and localized approach that nurtures a synergy between limited forest use and conservation while helping to develop new income sources could furnish workable alternatives.     

邵阳市森林资源特征及林业可持续发展对策

阐述了邵阳市林业生产条件, 分析了邵阳市森林资源特征、林业生产的地位及现存问题, 并对邵阳市林业可持续发展提出了相应的建议。文中重点探讨了林业分类经营问题, 提出了在建设商品林的同时必须注重生态公益林的建设。     

PITCHER PLANTS RECORDED FROM BRIS FOREST IN JAMBU BONGKOK, KUALA TRENGGANU, MALAYSIA

1INTRODUCTION NepentheswhichareknownlocallyinPeninsular Malaysiaasperiukkerabelongtoamonogenericfami lyNepenthaceae.Atpresent,atotalofninespecies(excludingnaturalhybrids)arerecordedfromPenin sularMalaysia.Ofthese,fourspeciesareendemic,whilsttheotherfivespeciesarefoundoutsidethepen insula.Thespeciescanarbitrarilybeclassifiedinto thelowlandspeciesandthehighlandspecies(Clarke,2002;Shivas,1984;Kurata,1976).Threespeciesarefoundinthehighlandhabitatscom monlyatanelevationofabove1000mforaboves…     

九龙甸水源区桉树林与云南松土壤特性比较

通过参照本土云南松次生林土壤的性质,对外来的不同生长段桉树林土壤进行系统的物理性质分析,揭示桉树种植对土壤结构的改造过程。测定结果分析表明：相对于云南林次生林,不同生长段的桉树林土壤在容重、细颗粒含量上表现出较高值;而自然含水量、饱和含水量、总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、有机质含量等值却很小。因此,桉树种植改变了本土植被下形成的土壤,导致土壤结构状况变差。     

MESSAGE IN THE PLAZA: LANDSCAPE,LANDSCAPING, AND FOREST DISCOURSE IN HONDURAS*

ABSTRACT. As visible, material expression of human activities and goals, the landscape communicates as well as reflects. Specific landscapes communicate specific messages within the public sphere of which they are a part. In Honduras, many plaza landscapes have seen recent changes in form and in what they communicate. Once open, treeless spaces, many Honduran plazas are now filled with trees. These trees often support signs announcing the virtues of forests, linking the trees themselves to the official discourse on forest issues and illuminating the role of public‐space landscapes in influencing public perception. This article points out the links between such iconographic landscapes and the complex, multitiered environmental issues that are part of environmental conditions and their perception by local actors.     

湿性常绿阔叶林区次生环境鸟类群落动态研究

本文分析了云南哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林区次生环境中鸟类群落的年动态。各类次生环境中,鸟类群落多样性和稳定性之间并非成简单的正相关。比气候顶极群落结构简单的林缘、林窗次生植被中的鸟类群落具有较高的物种多样性,但其群落稳定性较差;在植被简单的沼泽化草甸环境鸟类群落物种的多样性低,却表现其群落结构的稳定性。鸟类群落的稳定性与其生境的稳定性相关。在林缘、林窗鸟种类和密度变化显著,鸟类传播植物种子促进林缘、林窗地带自然更新和植被复化,能加速次生植被恢复到顶极群落的进程。     

广西百色大王岭原始森林风景区气候条件分析

采用广西百色大王岭原始森林景区1976～1991年平均资料及2005-2008年该地自动气象监测站资料对景区旅游气象条件进行统计分析,结果表明：风景区气温适中,年温差振幅小,夏、冬温差5℃,夏季少有35℃以上的高温,年舒适指数等级在-1～1的最佳舒适期长达9个月;影响景区旅游活动的主要气象灾害有强降雨、寒害等。     

从森林水文作用看长江上游防护林工程

本文通过对四川盆地森林水文效应的研究,对长江上游防护林体系的生态环境作用进行了初步预测,并提出水源林、水土保持林的分区原则,以及防护林作用的累积效应,对长江上游防护林的规划和评价具有参考意义。     

SPATIAL PROPERTIES OF LIGHTNING-CAUSED FOREST FIRES

Some 2088 lightning-caused forest fires that occurred between 1960 and 1971 in northern Idaho are described and analyzed relative to the properties of pattern, central tendency, and spatial variability. Pattern analysis reveals that randomness characterizes both the distribution of total fires and of annual mean areal centers. A model is proposed relating the latitudinal and longitudinal behavior of mean areal centers to shifts in storm tracks and resultant adjustments in fuel-moisture conditions. Rank correlation analysis reveals that northwest shifts in mean areal centers are associated with higher fuel-moisture conditions whereas southeast movements in mean areal centers are related to reduced fuel-moisture conditions. No significant differences were revealed in the variability of the annual standard distances of fire distribution, nor was there any association between temperature and azimuthal adjustments in mean areal centers.     

森林水文学研究综述

本文从近年森林作用讨论入手,回顾了20年代以来森林水文各领域所取得的成果。     

POSTFIRE SUCCESSION IN AN ADIRONDACK FOREST*

ABSTRACT. Landscape diversity has increased with the surprising postfire establishment of aspen at upper elevations (700–945 meters above sea level) in the High Peaks of Adirondack Park in upstate New York. Tree seedlings returned quickly to the charred slopes west of Noonmark Mountain after an accidental fire consumed the forest in 1999. Aspen stands have replaced the spruce‐fir‐birch forests in the burned area even though mountain paper birch is expected to colonize burned sites at these elevations. Environmental conditions, historical events, and unique circumstances help explain why quaking aspen and bigtooth aspen rather than paper birch blanket the burned mountainside. Climate change over the past century to warmer, wetter conditions may have fostered this marked shift in species composition. In the unburned firebreak that people cleared to contain the flames, pin cherry has regenerated from seeds stored in the soil for nearly a century. The history of pin cherry on the site suggests that large fires or severe windthrow may have been more common in the region than was previously documented.     

滇中地区常绿阔叶林树种多样性比较研究

分别测定了滇中地区两类代表性群落即高原水平带上的半湿润常绿阔叶林和山地垂直带上的中山湿性常绿阔叶林的树种多样性 (Shannon -Wiener指数H ,Simpson指数D和α指数 ) ,并进行了比较研究。结果表明 ,中山湿性常绿阔叶林的树种多样性 (H =2 .53± 0 .1 4 ;D =1 1 .76± 2 .85;α =8.1 2± 1 .72 )远高于半湿润常绿阔叶林 (H =1 .52± 0 .35;D =3.88± 1 .90 ;α=3.4 4± 1 .31 )     

河北坝上半干旱/半湿润过渡带华北落叶松人工林研究

地处半干旱/半湿润过渡带的河北丰宁坝上,华北落叶松(Larix principis-rupprechti)人工林的主要立地类型有:丘陵阳坡下部、丘陵阴坡、疏缓固定沙丘和风蚀劣地。土壤机械组成和养分含量对华北落叶松人工林的生长影响不大,而土壤风蚀和沙埋对其影响较大,但并不是通过搬运土壤细颗粒物质和养分来影响华北落叶松的生长。华北落叶松林下植物种类较多,长势较好,既可起到保护土壤作用,又可作打草用地。华北落叶松人工林防止坡地土壤侵蚀效益明显。在干旱的年份,固定沙丘华北落叶松林地土壤水分亏缺较大,但仍有一定的土壤有效水分节余,其立地土壤水分亏缺并不十分严重,林分相对稳定。除风蚀劣地外,30龄左右正值生长速生期,阴坡中部这一年龄段可以天然更新,其它立地也有天然更新的可能。因此,从人工林经营的经济效益和生态效益分析,此年龄段的华北落叶松人工林不宜采伐。