Slope instability mechanisms in dipping conglomerates over weathered marls: Bol landslide,Croatia

In February 2005, a landslide of significant dimensions occurred at Bol on the Island of Brač, in Croatia. The location of the landslide was in a geological structure of weakly bounded conglomerates lying above a flysch, in an area where numerous slides have been previously reported. In the paper the results of a geological engineering investigation of the Bol landslide are presented. The investigation results show that the landslide was triggered by a combination of improperly started earthworks, an increase in air temperature in days preceding landslide that caused snow melt, and abundant rainfall, but the primary cause of the landslide was weathering of the flysch. In other words, despite the fact that contact between the flysch and the conglomerates slopes is in approximate correspondence with the slope of the hillside, the landslide surface was not in contact between the conglomerates and marl, but deeper in the flysch, provoked by the penetration of the weathering front into the flysch. Numerical modelling results were able to reproduce this mechanism by incorporating strength degradation into the weathered zone, determined by field investigation. The results of the research can be used to predict potential slides not only in the area under study.     

On the stability of fissured slopes subject to seismic action

A set of analytical solutions achieved by the upper bound theorem of limit analysis and the pseudo‐static approach is presented for the assessment of the stability of homogeneous c, ϕ slopes manifesting vertical cracks and subject to seismic action. Rotational failure mechanisms are considered for slopes with cracks of either known or unknown depth and location. A validation exercise was carried out based on numerical limit analyses and displacement‐based finite‐element analyses with strength reduction technique. Charts providing the stability factor for fissured slopes subject to both horizontal and vertical accelerations for any combination of c, ϕ and slope inclination are provided. The effect of the direction of the vertical acceleration on slope stability is specifically analysed. Yield seismic coefficients are also provided. When the presence of cracks within the slope can be ascertained with reasonable confidence, maps showing the zones within the slope where they have no destabilising effect are provided. Finally, Newmark's method was employed to assess the effect of cracks on earthquake induced displacements. To this end, displacement coefficients are provided in chart form as a function of the slope characteristics. Two examples of slopes subjected to known earthquakes are illustrated. © 2016 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

斜坡稳定：方法论

据斜坡及滑这科领域国内外研究现状及工程实践,总结归纳了斜坡稳定研究了应遵循的若干原则,其中包括了工程地质建模,动态系统,稳定性评价的相对性和绝对性,以及模型的精确性与可行性等问题。     

裂隙,岩溶含水层疏排水钻孔的爆炸洗孔试验研究

在裂隙,岩溶裂隙含水层水文地质条件研究基础上,根据炸药在水中原理,介绍了控制炸药爆炸能量和孔内爆炸方法,达到对岩体的爆炸致裂以及对原储导水裂隙的冲刷作用,提高了地下工程中钻孔或水源井的疏排效率,同时又保护站孔孔壁不被破坏。     

Slope stability analysis for earthquakes

The method of slices commonly used for estimating static stability of natural slopes and embankments is extended to include the dynamic effects due to earthquake loading. The equation of motion of a typical slice along a path different from its base is derived. The calculations of displacement of a slide mass using the Newmark procedure are discussed and illustrated with an example problem.     

Windows下的土坡稳定性分析研究

利用CAD二次开发技术,对边坡进行稳定性分析,采用的计算方法为瑞典圆弧滑面条分法。通过编程计算,能得到该边坡的任意滑面的安全系数和最危险滑面位置及其安全系数,该程序有良好的Windows风格的用户界面,直观、形象的计算过程,简单明了的输出结果,是进行边坡稳定分析的新选择     

基于聚类分析的边坡稳定性研究

在边坡稳定性分析中,滑面搜索方法对于得到边坡的稳定性系数至关重要。现今两种常用的边坡稳定性分析方法,极限平衡法以及强度折减法,可以得到极限应力状态下边坡的潜在滑面。而为了评价边坡在当前应力场下的稳定性,提出一种基于聚类分析概念的滑面搜索方法。这种方法综合考虑了边坡各点的位移以及点安全系数,采用K均值聚类法将具有相近性质的点进行分类,把边坡体分为潜在危险区以及稳定区。潜在危险区的边界即为边坡在当前应力状态下的潜在滑面,并运用矢量和方法计算得到其稳定性系数。采用上述方法对3个算例进行验算,并与极限平衡法以及强度折减法进行对比。结果表明：（1）基于聚类分析的边坡稳定性评价方法具有较好的合理性和可靠性;（2）当边坡处于临界状态附近,通过聚类分析得到的潜在滑面与其他两种方法得到的滑面基本一致;当边坡处于较稳定状态时,当前应力状态下的潜在滑面要比强度折减法得到的滑动带范围要更深更广,但求出的稳定性系数也较高;当存在软弱夹层时,矢量和计算出的滑面更为陡峻,稳定性系数比其他两种方法的结果要小。     

边坡稳定性分析中的剩余推力法

基于传统的剩余推力法思路,推导了包括地表水、地下水、地震力、锚固力等外荷载综合作用下的边坡稳定性和剩余推力计算公式,以实例给出了剩余推力法在MicrosoftExcel中的实现方法,从中可以清晰看出剩余推力法的实质.比较了用同一安全系数但采用不同的折减方法所获得的剩余推力变化趋势.通过上述4类荷载的敏感性分析,指出了剩余推力法应用中应注意的基本问题.运用Excel中加载宏"规划求解”工具,可以方便实现确定性框架下临界滑动面的随机搜索.     

基于非局部化方法的边坡稳定性分析

应变局部化问题已经成为岩土力学研究的一个重要课题,边坡的稳定性分析必然要考虑这种应变局部化对边坡的稳定性影响。结合Bazant等的非局部化模型方法,将其推广应用到弹黏塑性本构模型中去,考虑两种正则化机制的耦合作用,并采用有限元方法结合滑面应力法对边坡的稳定性进行分析。将数值分析结果与极限平衡法和基于线弹性本构的滑面应力法结果进行了对比,从分析结果来看文中的计算结果是合理的,对实际工程具有一定的指导意义。     

Slope stability analysis for undrained loading conditions

The current state of art for limit equilibrium analysis of slope stability problems lacks a satisfactory procedure for stability evaluation under general, rapid (undrained) loading conditions. Some procedures are available for the analysis of rapid drawdown, but these suffer from several shortcomings and, furthermore, are not applicable to other types of rapid loading. An approach is presented which overcomes these limitations. The approach integrates four components-establishment of soil behaviour on the basis of laboratory testing, estimation of steady-state conditions in the slope using a boundary value analysis, estimation of distribution of undrained strength in the slope using undrained stress paths, and identification of the critical slip surface followed by calculation of its factor of safety. The approach is illustrated through its application to the stability analysis of an earth dam under rapid drawdown and earthquake conditions.     

考虑前期降雨过程的边坡稳定性分析

基于三峡库区实测降雨资料,研究了不同初始条件对不同土体边坡稳定性影响,建议了能够反映边坡含水状态的初始条件选取方法。在此基础上,采用非饱和渗流分析方法研究了前期降雨对不同土体边坡稳定性影响,以典型的砂土和黏土边坡为例初步探索了前期降雨对边坡稳定性影响规律。结果表明：初始条件对不同土体边坡稳定性影响不同;建议将多年平均降雨量对应的稳态渗流场作为初始条件进行非饱和渗流分析。边坡土体渗透系数越低,边坡稳定性受前期降雨的影响越大、影响时间也越长。砂土和黏土边坡稳定性分析时建议至少考虑15 d以上的前期降雨,对于砂土边坡还应根据这15 d前面5 d的降雨情况确定是否需要增加计算天数。短历时高强度前期降雨对砂土边坡稳定性影响更大,而长历时低强度前期降雨对黏土边坡稳定性影响更大。累积前期降雨量可以作为判断边坡最小安全系数出现时刻的依据。砂土边坡出现最小安全系数时刻与10 d累积前期降雨量最大的时刻较为吻合,而黏土边坡则与15 d累积前期降雨量最大的时刻较为吻合。     

基于PCA-GEP算法的边坡稳定性预测

提出一种基于主成分分析的基因表达式程序设计算法,并将其用于边坡稳定性预测。该算法先采用主成分分析法对样本数据进行预处理,有效地减少预测模型的输入量,消除输入数据间的相关性,再将得到的新样本数据输入基因表达式,构建边坡稳定性的预测模型。利用该预测模型对82个危险圆弧破坏边坡实例中的71个实例进行学习,对另外11个实例进行预测,取得了较好的效果。在保留传统的以误差值作为评判模型优劣标准的同时,引入AIC信息准则法,分别对v-SVR算法和GA-BP网络算法和PCA-GEP算法三种预测模型进行比较分析,结果表明,运用该算法可以获得更优的预测模型,其预测结果比v-SVR算法和GA-BP网络等其他算法得到的结果具有更高的预测精度。工程实例计算表明,该方法是合理、可行的。     

Slope stability analysis using evolutionary optimization techniques

Slope stability optimization, in the presence of a band of a weak layer between two strong layers, is accounted for in complicated geotechnical problems. Classical optimization algorithms are not suitable for solving such problems as they need a proper preliminary solution to converge to a valid result. Therefore, it is necessary to find a proper algorithm which is capable of finding the best global solution. Recently a lot of metaheuristic algorithms have been proposed which are able to evade local minima effectively. In this study four evolutionary algorithms, including well‐known and recent ones, such as genetic algorithm, differential evolution, evolutionary strategy and biogeography‐based optimization (BBO), are applied in slope stability analysis and their efficiencies are explored by three benchmark case studies. Result show BBO is the most efficient among these evolutionary algorithms and other proposed algorithms applied to this problem. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

边坡稳定及加固分析的有限元强度折减法

将强度折减理论应用于土质边坡稳定及加固的弹塑性有限元分析中,提出了以某一幅值的总等效塑性应变区,从坡脚到坡顶贯通时为边坡破坏的标准,不但物理意义很明确,而且可以根据边坡临界破坏时的等效塑性应变区确定滑动面位置,并认为此前的折减系数即为边坡的安全系数。对某供水改造工程中边坡的稳定性分析及加固计算表明：该破坏判别标准是适宜的,能够在工程实际中加以运用。     

基于最小二乘法的边坡稳定性分析

利用经典土压力理论设定合理土条推力线范围,根据静力平衡及力矩平衡条件建立以条块界面安全系数 为变量的线性超定方程组,应用MATLAB软件基于最小二乘方法对此方程组求解,依据极大值原理及合理性条件： ,最终获得边坡整体安全系数 。经算例验证得出如下结论：当条块界面与条块整体安全系数相等时,边坡抗剪能力发挥最大;安全系数随推力线位置的升高而减小,但影响并不大;由于考虑了极大值原理,该法求得的安全系数略微偏大于其他方法。     

用局部强度折减法进行边坡稳定性分析

边坡的变形与其稳定性具有内在的必然联系,因而可以通过变形场来对边坡的稳定性进行判断。传统的强度折减法基于理想弹塑性模型对所有单元进行强度折减,所求解出来的变形场并不能很好地反映出边坡失稳时的真实变形。实际上,边坡的失稳是由于局部土体的强度降低所致的,因此提出只对局部土体单元进行强度折减、其他土体单元保持原有强度不变的局部强度折减法,本构模型采用变模量弹塑性模型。工程实例计算分析表明,基于变模量弹塑性模型的局部强度折减法对边坡进行稳定性分析是可行的。