共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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海洋石油光化学降解的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
石油进入海水会发生各种物理、化学变化,以往的研究已证明光化学氧化在石油及其精炼产品风化过程中具有重要意义。光化学氧化机理主要在于接受日光照射的能量,以不同的方式与溶解氧结合,从而最终降解石油烃。生成的光氧化产生一般为羧酸、醇、醚、羰基化合物等几类,还有一些产物尚不能确定其结构。光氧化产物仍然存在毒性,对海洋生物等十分有害。在动力学方面,针对其某一组分已证实为一级反应动力学行为,并定量地得出了速率常 相似文献
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石油在水溶液中的光化学降解 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
光化学降解是海洋环境中石油去除的主要途径之一.研究在高压汞灯照射下石油烃水溶组分(WSF)的光降解.结果显示在高压汞灯下,石油WSF能够明显降解.其降解过程受溶液介质及重金属离子(Cu2 ,Hg2 ,Cd2 ,Zn2 )的影响.在反应的初始阶段,石油WSF降解得很快,符合一级反应动力学规律.经过大约2 h后,浓度变化缓慢.在所选用的实验条件下,光降解常数的范围在0.011 8~0.023 5 min-1之间. 相似文献
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世界海洋石油污染物的地理分布及其消亡规律的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
大西洋及其所属海域主航道承担了大量石油及其产品的运输任务,也是石油污染物最为集中的地方,然而在公海也聚集着大量石油污染物,太平洋属于污染较轻的,但日本周围,东海,南海和北美沿岸海面上的也常被石油薄膜或团块充斥,只在赤道及南太平洋是很少有石油污染物的领域。大洋环流,信风流是石油污染扩散的重要角色,北大西洋暖流可以把大量的石油污染物携带到遥运的挪威,巴伦支海,乃至整个北冰洋,使之成为举世瞩目的(石油) 相似文献
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沙滩水体中溶解性石油烃的降解及吸附研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以海水体系和海水-砂体系作为对比,研究了沙滩水体中溶解性石油烃的降解及吸附作用。实验结果表明,1d内海水中石油浓度的降低主要是由于砂的快速吸附作用,3d以后生物对石油烃的降解作用逐渐占据优势。两种体系中降烃菌数量及石油浓度的变化曲线表明,砂对油的快速吸附显著降低了海水中石油污染物的浓度,使得海水含砂体系中石油降解菌的数量远高于海水体系。海水中石油污染物的降解符合一级动力学模式,当含砂体系中砂的粒径不同时,石油污染物降解的半衰期可由海水体系的31.9d缩短到22.4d和19.5d。系统中砂的存在有利于海水中石油污染物的去除,有约20%的石油污染物被吸附到砂上,然而这种去除是物理去除。 相似文献
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海水中农药的光化学降解研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
农药的光化学降解是海水中农药残留污染物去除的重要途径,其降解过程和降解产物对海水环境的影响很大。文中研究了有机污染物农药在海水环境中光化学降解的反应类型,反应机理,影响因素(光照条件、溶液介质、pH、重金属离子、光敏剂),光降解产物及其分析方法。指出了当前农药光化学降解研究中存在的一些问题并提出了今后的研究方向。 相似文献
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不同海面状况海洋石油污染处理方法优化配置 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
海洋石油污染成为海洋污染的主要类型,对海洋水生环境造成了极大的破坏,而溢油成为石油进入海洋的主要方式,如何对溢油事故进行有效的预防和处理成为治理海洋污染的关键所在。论文对当今处理溢油使用的物理法、化学法、自然降解法、生物处理法、燃烧法等进行了介绍,详细考察了各种处理方法的适用条件,以及在限制条件下如何对各种选择方法进行优化组合。 相似文献
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Geng Zhaoquan Ni Yongqiang Zhou Anguo Senior Engineer Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Estuarine Coastal Engineering Research Hangzhou Engineer Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Estuarine Coastal Engineering Research Hangzhou Engineer Zhejiang Institute of Environmental Protection Science Hangzhou 《中国海洋工程》1992,(1)
This paper adopted an upstream FEM of 2-D unsteady flow to calculate the tidal flow in Zhoushan sea area. Based on the verification of the tidal current and environmental situation, the effects of the oily waste discharged from the oil berths on water quality have been calculated with a similar method. The isodilutions of oil pollutant are drawn from different sewage discharges. The moving loci of the slick centrepoint of oil spill have been calculated. The spreading area of the oil spill has also been forecasted. The results indicate that the set of models can predict the transport of oil spill in the sea area with reasonable accuracy. 相似文献
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Dimethylsulfide(DMS) is generally thought to be lost from the surface oceans by evasion into the atmosphere as well as consumption by microbe.However,photochemical process might be important in the removal of DMS in the oceanic photic zone.A kinetic investigation into the photochemical oxidation of DMS in seawater was performed.The photo-oxidation rates of DMS were influenced by various factors including the medium,dissolved oxygen,photosensitizers,and heavy metal ions.The photo-oxidation rates of DMS were higher in seawater than in distilled water,presumably due to the effect of salinity existing in seawater.Three usual photosensitizers(humic acid,fulvic acid and anthroquinone),especially in the presence of oxygen,were able to enhance the photo-oxidation rate of DMS,with the fastest rate observed with anthroquinone.Photo-oxidation of DMS followed first order reaction kinetics with the rate constant ranging from 2.5×10-5 to 34.3×10-5 s-1.Quantitative analysis showed that approximately 32% of the photochemically removed DMS was converted to dimethylsulfoxide.One of the important findings was that the presence of Hg2 could markedly accelerate the photo-oxidation rate of DMS in seawater.The mechanism of mercuric catalysis for DMS photolysis was suggested according to the way of CTTM(charge transfer to metal) of DMS-Hg2 complex. 相似文献