青藏高原东缘湖相沉积和黄土高原黄土沉积磁化率与粒度相关性对比*

为探讨构造稳定地区(如黄土高原)和构造活跃地区(如青藏高原东缘)粉尘沉积物中磁化率(SUS)与粒度的相关性及其对环境事件的指示意义,本次研究分析了黄土高原蓝田剖面黄土—古土壤样品和青藏高原东缘湖相沉积样品的粒度和磁化率记录。黄土高原黄土—古土壤沉积SUS与2~10 μm粒度组分最强正相关,青藏高原东缘湖相沉积的SUS与2~10 μm粒度组分最强负相关,反映2~10 μm粒度组分为黄土高原和青藏高原乃至亚洲干旱—半干旱地区连续稳定敏感的背景沉积组分。黄土高原黄土—古土壤沉积的SUS与32~63 μm粒度组分最强负相关,青藏高原东缘湖相沉积的SUS与32~63 μm粒度组分最强正相关,反映32~63 μm粒度组分不仅是黄土高原尘暴事件沉积的敏感指标,也是青藏高原东缘湖相沉积记录的地震事件敏感指标。SUS与粒度组分的相关性在青藏高原东缘地区地震事件层开始部分高于结束部分,也较好地反映地震事件为研究区添加新鲜沉积物后随地形地貌恢复逐步减少的过程。SUS与粒度组分相关性也受当地物源的影响。     

青藏高原东缘湖相沉积和黄土高原黄土沉积磁化率与粒度相关性对比*

为探讨构造稳定地区(如黄土高原)和构造活跃地区(如青藏高原东缘)粉尘沉积物中磁化率(SUS)与粒度的相关性及其对环境事件的指示意义,本次研究分析了黄土高原蓝田剖面黄土—古土壤样品和青藏高原东缘湖相沉积样品的粒度和磁化率记录。黄土高原黄土—古土壤沉积SUS与2~10 μm粒度组分最强正相关,青藏高原东缘湖相沉积的SUS与2~10 μm粒度组分最强负相关,反映2~10 μm粒度组分为黄土高原和青藏高原乃至亚洲干旱—半干旱地区连续稳定敏感的背景沉积组分。黄土高原黄土—古土壤沉积的SUS与32~63 μm粒度组分最强负相关,青藏高原东缘湖相沉积的SUS与32~63 μm粒度组分最强正相关,反映32~63 μm粒度组分不仅是黄土高原尘暴事件沉积的敏感指标,也是青藏高原东缘湖相沉积记录的地震事件敏感指标。SUS与粒度组分的相关性在青藏高原东缘地区地震事件层开始部分高于结束部分,也较好地反映地震事件为研究区添加新鲜沉积物后随地形地貌恢复逐步减少的过程。SUS与粒度组分相关性也受当地物源的影响。     

磁化率各向异性测量在沉积学中的应用

本文利用磁化率各向异性来研究南京下蜀土的沉积组构?根据南京下蜀上的磁组构特征及其与华北黄土的对比分析,探讨了下蜀土的成因,并进而指出了磁化率各向异性测量对于沉积学的重要意义?     

中国南方二叠纪Ⅰ型层序界面沉积记录及事件分析

中国南方二叠纪１１个层序中的Ｓ１,Ｓ６,Ｓ７和Ｓ１１四个Ⅰ型层序底界面具有特征沉积记录,反映在岩相,地球化学和生物演化方程,尤其是作为与海平面下降特征相对应的古风化壳,古喀斯特标志风化残积硅铝／铁铝粘土层,铝质粘土层,残积角砾灰岩或淡水胶结等现象广为发育。二叠纪各相关I型层序底界面的分布及其之上的火山沉积、沉积背景转变等具有重要的事件意义。研究结果表明：S1底界面对应的是构造事件,即范围较广的黔桂运动; S7底界面反映的构造事件为东吴运动;S6和S11的底界面均代表海平面下降事件。中国南方二叠纪的层序地层捌分及其性质不能用一种方案和一种模式套用。     

昌都地区三叠纪事件沉积及其成因

事件沉积是指偏离正常过程的地质作用（事件） 所形成的沉积物。昌都地区的事件沉积很发育,尤以风暴沉积与火山堆积为典型例子。本文对区内事件沉积作了较系统的总结与分析,阐述了风暴沉积事件与火山事件的时空分布,探讨了其成因及其作用过程。     

南秦岭古生代沉积盆地沉积-构造事件与热水沉积成矿

地处扬子板块北部被动大陆边缘的南秦岭古生代沉积裂陷盆地具地堑-地垒式特点,沉积建造属次稳定型。早古生代加里东期发生的构造-岩浆活动颇具特点,沉积-构造事件对盆地演化及成矿起着重要作用,其与众多的(超)大型汞-锑、铅-锌、金矿关系密切。南秦岭热水沉积成矿方式主要以同生沉积-喷流方式,成矿物质来源于盆地下源深处,热水沉积作用是其主要成矿方式。热水沉积作用形成两大系列热水沉积岩:硅质岩-重晶石岩系列;钠长石岩-铁碳酸盐岩系列。铅-锌成矿与钠长石岩-铁碳酸盐岩关系更为密切。     

东部苏丹埋藏玄武岩／沉积界面的地球物理图

东部苏丹的ＥＬ－Ｓｈａｗａｋ地区位一知的Ｇｅｄａｒｅｆ大的问斜盆地之内,此盆地主要由Ｎｕｂｉａｎ砂岩的碎屑沉积物组成,砂岩组的上覆地层为席状玄武岩和粒玄岩,下伏地层则为变质基底杂岩。作为该区水文地质研究的项目的一部分,利用重力和地震反射 结合来圈定玄武岩流的范围,并确定沉积岩组的厚度。研究结果表明,基底杂岩的地形呈波状起伏,并以地下山脊分离的两个波谷为特征。Ｎｕｂｉａｎ组的沉积厚度从５０ｍ到超过２     

南昌市厚田沙地末次冰期风沙沉积的磁化率特征及其环境意义

鄱阳湖滨周围和赣江下游沿岸广泛分布着一系列风成砂山。为了探讨南方风沙沉积的磁化率特征及其环境意义, 本研究对鄱阳湖南部之厚田剖面的古风沙沉积进行了光释光测年、磁化率、粒度和重矿物分析。结果表明: ① 沙丘砂层的磁化率整体较低, 平均粒径 (Mz) 较粗, 成熟度指数 (ZTR) 较低而风化指数 (HW)较高, 说明风化程度较低, 形成于冬季风强盛、干燥寒冷的气候条件下; 砂质古土壤层的磁化率较高, Mz较细, ZTR指数较高而HW指数较低, 说明风化程度较高, 形成于冬季风较弱、夏季风较强, 温暖湿润的气候环境下。② 厚田剖面第Ⅰ (77.0~57.1 ka)、Ⅲ (49.7~36.8 ka)、Ⅴ (29.7~14.9 ka) 阶段依次对应深海氧同位素的MIS4、MIS3b、MIS2, 指示为冷期, 冬季风强盛, 磁化率较低; 第Ⅱ (57.1~49.7 ka)、Ⅳ (36.8~29.7 ka) 阶段分别对应MIS3c和MIS3a, 指示为暖期, 夏季风强盛, 磁化率较高。这些气候变化特征与黄土高原渭南剖面、深海氧同位素和中国亚热带洞穴石笋δ18O记录具有良好的对比性。因此认为, 磁化率在南方风沙沉积中可以有效揭示气候变化。     

井中与钻孔岩芯磁化率测量效果的对比分析

为了解岩(矿)石磁化率测定法(磁化率仪)在反映钻孔中岩层磁性变化规律方面的效果,对同一钻孔分别运用岩(矿)石磁化率测定法和井中磁化率测量法进行了对比分析研究。结果表明,岩(矿)石磁化率仪测定法具有成本低、速度快、灵敏度高等特点,可以作为井中磁化率测量的一部分,起到井中磁化率测量在准确确定矿层厚度、位置、矿层品位等方面的作用,避免测井设备的笨重所带来的麻烦,特别是能够弥补井中磁化率测量在有套管存在井段的严重数据不足之缺陷。     

武汉东湖现代沉积物磁组构特征及意义

采自武汉东湖现代沉积物的0．86m长的样品被用于研究湖泊现代沉积物的磁性各向异性，研究发现，东湖的现代沉积可划分为3个阶段，不同阶段的沉积特征与磁学性质反映了不同的沉积环境物源差异，通过分析样品沉积特征，磁化率K值特征并结合磁性矿物在各层面间的差别，从而分析得出磁化率K值可作为地层划分的有效辅助手段，磁铁矿广泛存在于所有砂质及泥质沉积物中，是引起东湖现代沉积物磁化率变化的主导性物质。     

武汉市东湖周边近地表土壤磁化率特征及其环境意义

测量了武汉市东湖周边3个采样区60个土壤样品的磁化率及24个代表样品的重金属元素质量分数,对土壤磁化率和重金属元素质量分数进行了相关分析与聚类分析,探讨应用土壤磁化率参量及测量技术对大范围区域污染环境评价的指示意义.结果表明,土壤磁化率与重金属元素Ca、Cu、Pb、Sr、Zn质量分数显著相关,相关系数分别高达0.930,0.836,0.864,0.879和 0.879;重金属元素Ba、Cr、Fe、Mg、Mn质量分数与磁化率中度-弱相关,相关系数分别为0.447,0.303,0.557,0.528,0.333.聚类分析结果表明,不同采样区地表土壤的污染源之间存在一定差异.这些结果为应用土壤磁化率(尤其是原位磁化率)测量技术在该区进行大尺度和高精度环境评价提供了基础.     

贵州安顺新民二叠系—三叠系界线剖面磁化率变化及古气候环境意义

贵州安顺新民二叠系—三叠系界线剖面磁化率测试结果表明,该剖面二叠系磁化率整体偏低（平均6.4×10-8m3/kg）,界线之上磁化率快速增加并相对稳定在1.3×10-7m3/kg附近,与华南其他二叠系—三叠系剖面磁化率变化趋势相同;与陆源孢粉丰度、TiO2曲线的同步变化趋势表明,新民剖面磁化率主要来自陆源物质。结合磁化率、地球化学指标的变化特征,将源区P—T之交古气候划分为3个阶段：阶段Ⅰ（1-2层中部）为化学风化作用较强的温暖潮湿的气候条件;阶段Ⅱ（2层上部-P—T界线）整体处于较强化学风化作用条件下温热潮湿的气候环境,变化较为频繁,表现为温润/湿热交替;阶段Ⅲ（P—T界线之上）物理风化加强,     

青藏高原腹地湖泊沉积物磁化率及其环境意义

通过青藏高原腹地可可西里边缘地区BDQ0608 钻孔岩芯分析,表明其岩性主要为浅绿色湖相沉积物,其中夹杂部分较薄的氧化色层段.热退磁表明:BDQ0608钻孔中磁性矿物主要有磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿、针铁矿和胶黄铁矿,赤铁矿表现不太明显,其组分含量直接控制磁化率值的大小;并且对样品进行了磁化率、粒度、总有机碳及色度的测定.磁化率...     

Magnetic signature of heavy metals pollution of sediments: case study from the East Lake in Wuhan,China

Detailed magnetic measurements and geochemical analyses were performed on 114 sediment samples collected from the East Lake, Wuhan city, China, to establish a possible link between the enhanced concentration of anthropogenic magnetic particles and heavy metals with known sources. Relatively higher magnetic susceptibility values (mass-specific, χ, >150 × 10⁻⁸ m³ kg⁻¹) were observed for samples near the pollution sources: e.g. the Wuhan Iron and Steel Company (WISC), the Qingshan Thermal Power Plant (QTPP), the banks (driveways) of the lake and near the sightseeing route of yachts on the lake. Moreover, χ is positively correlated to the concentration of Pb (correlation coefficient r = 0.682), but negatively or weakly correlated with both Zn and Cu. In contrast, anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) is significantly correlated with these major heavy metals (r = 0.645 for Zn–ARM, 0.699 for Pb–ARM and 0.841 for Cu–ARM, respectively), which indicate that ARM serves a better indicator for the pollution of heavy metals in this lake. Thermomagnetic analysis combined with magnetic hysteresis measurements revealed that magnetites in the pseudo-single-domain/multidomain grain-size regions are dominant. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray examinations of the magnetic extracts showed that these Fe-rich particles have different morphologies: orange-peel structure, hollow structure with adhered smaller particles, Zr-rich melted-like irregular particles, pear-shaped spherules and spherules with slick surfaces. These features are typical for particles produced by anthropogenic activities. Because of the genetic relationship between the environmental setting of the East Lake and the nearby pollution sources, this study suggests that in situ magnetic surveys are sensitive to evaluate the environmental pollution on the lake bottom.     

南海东北部岩芯沉积物磁性特征及对甲烷事件的指示

在甲烷渗漏海域,沉积物磁化率通常表现出异常的低值特征,这与硫酸盐-甲烷转换带（SMTZ）内甲烷厌氧氧化反应（AOM）的发育而导致的自生矿物的形成作用有关。通过测定南海东北部Site DH-CL11、Site 973-2、Site 973-4三个站位400个岩芯沉积物样品的磁化率,并结合三个站位自生黄铁矿丰度和硫同位素等数据探讨了南海北部天然气水合物潜在区沉积物磁化率的变化特征及其对甲烷渗漏事件的指示意义。结果表明:在甲烷异常渗漏海域,上涌甲烷与下渗硫酸盐在SMTZ内发生AOM反应生成了大量的HS-,造成亚铁磁性矿物大量溶解,同时生成大量顺磁性自生黄铁矿,导致沉积物磁化率的异常降低;但是,在HS-不足时,铁硫化物黄铁矿化不充分,会优先生成胶黄铁矿,进而出现二次磁信号。在天然气水合物潜在海域,沉积物磁化率的异常特征可以反映下部甲烷通量的变化,从而指示下伏天然气水合物藏演化,因此能够成为探测天然气水合物藏的一种间接有效的手段,将有助于我国南海北部海域天然气水合物的勘探。     

Sedimentation in Proval Bay (Lake Baikal) after earthquake-induced subsidence of part of the Selenga River delta

The paper presents the results of a comprehensive investigation into the recent sediments of Proval Bay. This bay formed during catastrophicflooding of a big block of land as a result of an earthquake in 1862. Comparison of the sketch map of the bay for 1862 with its modern mapshows that the boundary of the Selenga River delta has shifted considerably eastward. The sediments of Proval Bay are sands, silty pelite,and pelitic silt. Terrigenous material is predominant and consists of mineral grains and land plant remains, admixed with diatom frustules andsponge spicules. In the southwestern part of the bay, turbidites and a soil layer have been found. The latter was buried when the water levelin Lake Baikal rose after the construction of the Irkutsk dam in 1959–1964. In the northeastern part of the bay, a peatlike layer has beenfound in the bottom sediment core. It formed in Lake Beloe, which existed in the Tsagan steppe before the 1862 earthquake. According todiatom analysis, this lake was shallow and eutrophic. The sedimentation rates in different parts of Proval Bay differ greatly and directly dependon proximity to the Selenga River. Variations in the geochemical indicators which reflect the ratio of organic to clastic components in thebottom sediments of the bay are controlled by temperature and water level variations in Lake Baikal.     

岩(矿)石标本磁化率测定方法试验及认识

随着科技的迅速发展,磁法勘探仪器也有较大发展.本文利用G-858铯光泵磁力仪、WCZ-1质子磁力仪、便携式WCH-1磁化率仪和SM-30磁化率仪四种仪器测量岩(矿)石磁性标本磁化率对比试验,通过对试验结果的分析,笔者给出磁力仪和磁化率仪应用建议.便携式磁化率仪具有小巧、轻便、高效等特点,在今后会有广泛的应用空间.     

Fission–track Ages and Magnetic Susceptibility of Cretaceous to Paleogene Volcanic Rocks in Southeastern Sikhote Alin, Far East Russia

Abstract: Seven zircon fission-track ages and 30 magnetic susceptibilities were measured on welded pyroclastic rocks from the Bogopol and Sijanov Groups of the Cretaceous to Paleogene volcanic rocks in the southeastern part of the eastern Sikhote Alin volcano-plutonic belt, Far East Russia. The fission-track ages range from 42. 7 Ma to 64. O Ma which indicate that both the groups are of Early Paleogene time. Two thirds of the samples from the Bogopol Group have high magnetic susceptibility values, more than 3 A- 10^-3 SI unit, which imply that they are of the magnetite–series, whereas the samples from the Sijanov Group show 3 A- 10^-3 to 8 A- 10^-5 SI unit which suggest this group of probably the ilmenite-series.
The Paleogene age and high magnetic susceptibility of the Bogopol Group are quite similar to the Paleogene igneous rocks of the San'in belt, Southwest Japan. This suggests, taking accounts of the opening of the Japan Sea, that the eastern Sikhote Alin volcano-plutonic belt continued to the San'in Belt, and that the Paleogene igneous rocks along the Japan Sea coast of Northeast Japan were situated along the volcanic front of the eastern Sikhote Alin volcano-plutonic belt.     

浑善达克沙地磁化率和有机质揭示的全新世气候变化

根据浑善达克沙地锡林浩特剖面磁化率、有机质等气候代用指标的变化特征和14C测年结果,分析和讨论了浑善达克沙地10.7kaBP以来的气候变化过程.实验数据显示地层剖面磁化率和有机质值的变化趋势基本一致,且峰值段对应古土壤层,谷值段对应风成砂层.依据磁化率和有机质含量的变化将浑善达克沙地全新世气候变化分为5个阶段:10.7～8.5 kaBP,气候相对冷干,冬季风较强,夏季风相对较弱,但有增强趋势;8.5～5.8 kaBP,气候温暖湿润,夏季风较强,冬季风相对较弱,与全新世最适宜期对应;5.8～3.5 kaBP,气候波动变化频繁,但夏季风和冬季风都相对较弱;3.5～1.9 kaBP,气候温暖湿润,仅次于全新世最适宜期,夏季风较强,冬季风相对较弱;1.9 kaBP以来,气候波动渐变冷干,冬季风逐渐波动增强,夏季风相对逐渐减弱.并且其气候变化与全球变化具有较好的一致性.