南海南沙海域沉积盆地与油气分布

在较详细分析南沙海域区域地质背景的基础上,研究该海域主要沉积盆地地质构造特征,分析不同区域沉积盆地的油气地质条件,研究和总结各盆地中的油气分布特征。研究表明,万安盆地、曾母盆地和文莱-沙巴盆地具有丰富的油气资源,北康盆地、北巴拉望盆地油气资源远景次之,礼乐盆地和南薇西盆地油气资源远景较差。     

试论残留型盆地研究思路和油气勘探方法

残留型地具有抬升剥蚀剧烈,原形盆地难以恢复,经历多期构造运动的改造和建造油气成藏动力学过程复杂,热演化程度较高,油气保存条件复杂等特点,但是残留型盆地油气资源丰富,勘探前景广阔,依据残留型盆地的特征和油气资源潜力,提出应全面,发展地认识盆地,静动结合地研究盆地,运用先进而实用的新技术新方法评价盆地,按照勘探程序勘探盆地,在研究工作上应以分地及其邻区作为整体研究对象,以区域地质研究一石油地质研究－综     

改造型盆地评价及其油气系统研究方法—以中国南方中、古生界海相地层为例

通过对中国南方中、古生界油气地质的综合研究及勘探总结,初步提出了一套改造型残留盆地或叠合盆地评价及其油气系统研究的方法,其基本思路是强调进行了油气地质“动态演化”研究,主要通过拟三维盆地模拟反演主要烃源岩的时空演化,生烃过程以及不同地质阶段中的生烃强度,资源量,结合古今油气藏的解剖,癖结油气成藏－破坏规律,结合古构造的分析,研究油气运聚指向,给合主要构造运动期对中国南方中,古生界主要油气系统的影响分析,进行分阶段的动态演化研究,认为中国南方中,古生界油气勘探的现实对象是次生油气系统及再生烃油气系统,现存的原生油系统很少,提出了中国南方新区中,古生界油气勘探的有利区为石柱复向斜西侧高陡背斜带,苏北盆地阜宁－盐城－海安－兴化－宝应地区,江汉盆地沉湖地区南部潜江－仙档－牌州－汊渗1井地区,江西南鄱阳盆地及楚雄盆地北部凹陷,这一认识已经得到苏北盆地盐城凹陷朱家墩气田及江汉盆地沉湖地区南部开先台西含油构造勘探发现的证实。     

改造型盆地评价及其油气系统研究方法——以中国南方中、古生界海相地层为例

通过对中国南方中、古生界油气地质的综合研究及勘探总结,初步提出了一套改造型残留盆地或叠合盆地评价及其油气系统研究的方法。其基本思路是强调进行油气地质的“动态演化”研究,主要通过拟三维盆地模拟反演主要烃源岩的时空演化、生烃过程以及不同地质阶段中的生烃强度、资源量;结合古今油气藏的解剖,总结油气成藏—破坏规律;结合古构造的分析,研究油气运聚指向;结合主要构造运动期对中国南方中、古生界主要油气系统的影响分析,进行分阶段的动态演化研究。认为中国南方中、古生界油气勘探的现实对象是次生油气系统及再生烃油气系统,现存的原生油气系统很少。提出中国南方新区中、古生界油气勘探的有利区为石柱复向斜西侧高陡背斜带、苏北盆地阜宁—盐城—海安—兴化—宝应地区、江汉盆地沉湖地区南部潜江—仙桃—牌州—汉参1井地区、江西南鄱阳盆地及楚雄盆地北部凹陷,这一认识已经得到苏北盆地盐城凹陷朱家墩气田及江汉盆地沉湖地区南部开先台西含油构造勘探发现的证实。     

改造型盆地评价及其油气系统研究方法——以中国南方中、古生界海相地层为例

通过对中国南方中、古生界油气地质的综合研究及勘探总结,初步提出了一套改造型残留盆地或叠合盆地评价及其油气系统研究的方法。其基本思路是强调进行油气地质的“动态演化”研究,主要通过拟三维盆地模拟反演主要烃源岩的时空演化、生烃过程以及不同地质阶段中的生烃强度、资源量;结合古今油气藏的解剖,总结油气成藏一破坏规律;结合古构造的分析,研究油气运聚指向;结合主要构造运动期对中国南方中、古生界主要油气系统的影响分析,进行分阶段的动态演化研究。认为中国南方中、古生界油气勘探的现实对象是次生油气系统及再生烃油气系统,现存的原生油气系统很少。提出中国南方新区中、古生界油气勘探的有利区为石柱复向斜西侧高陡背斜带、苏北盆地阜宁-盐城-海安-兴化-宝应地区、江汉盆地沉湖地区南部潜江-仙桃-牌州-汉参1井地区、江西南鄱阳盆地及楚雄盆地北部凹陷,这一认识已经得到苏北盆地盐城凹陷朱家墩气田及江汉盆地沉湖地区南部开先台西含油构造勘探发现的证实。     

巴西坎波斯盆地和桑托斯盆地油气分布差异及主控因素

巴西坎波斯盆地和桑托斯盆地均为典型的被动陆缘盆地。随着勘探程度的增加和近年来在桑托斯盆地深水区盐下油气的重大发现,坎波斯盆地和桑托斯盆地之间的构造-沉积演化和油气地质特征的差异性越来越明显。通过对坎波斯盆地和桑托斯盆地区域地质特征和油气成藏条件差异性的比较,总结出两个盆地油气分布特征的截然不同。研究表明,盐窗比较发育的坎波斯盆地中已发现的油气主要富集于盐上浊积砂岩,而连续盐岩发育的桑托斯盆地已发现的油气则主要富集于盐下湖相碳酸盐岩。对于盐下层系,连续分布的盐岩和圣保罗高地的发育控制了盐下层系油气的分布;对于盐上层系,盐相关构造的发育则为油气垂向运移提供了有利通道,从而控制了盐上油气藏的形成与分布。     

广西油气资源勘探开发现状与发展前景展望

文章根据广西多年来油气勘探开发的最新成果，较全面地介绍和论述了广西境内陆地及海区新生界第三纪盆地，中－上古生代前陆盆地油气勘探开发现状与资源潜力，同时依据现代油气勘探地质论并结合西部大开发的历史机遇，提出了广西面向新世纪油气资源勘探发展的战略指导思想，发展方向及发展层次，展望了广西油气勘探的发展前景。     

北非盆地叠加演化及其对油气地质条件的控制作用

以板块学说为理论依据,利用IHS和Tellus能源信息库,在对北非不同盆地群原型盆地恢复的基础上,系统分析了北非主要地质时期的盆地演化过程,从古板块位置、盆地类型、古海平面变化、古温度和古气候等方面,指出了盆地演化特征对北非油气地质条件形成的控制作用。志留纪和白垩纪北非被动大陆边缘和裂谷盆地的发育以及当时的海侵环境,控制了北非地区两套主要烃源岩的形成。而三叠纪北非地区低纬度板块位置和当时较高的气温以及海退环境,控制了北非最为重要的蒸发盐岩盖层的形成。不同盆地区盆地演化特征的差异,造成了其生、储和盖层发育的差异,也形成了北非西部盆地以古生代油气系统为主,而中东部盆地以中、新生代油气系统为主的油气分布格局,对于认识北非地区盆地的形成与演化及油气分布特征和开发潜力,具有一定的理论意义和实际价值。     

西藏双湖地区江爱达日那发现液态油苗

近10年来，对西藏双湖地区羌塘中生代海相沉积盆地进行了全方位、大规模的地质调查、油气评价和研究工作，深化了对盆地结构构造、地层沉积相、石油地质条件的认识，初步评价了羌塘盆地的油气资源潜力。但到目前为止，羌塘盆地仍然是中国陆上油气地质研究和勘探程度最低的大型海相盆地。     

中国含油气盆地深层勘探的主要进展与科学问题

中国沉积盆地深层的油气勘探实践不断取得进步,提出了与之密切相关的油气地质基础科学问题,凝练与分析这些问题将为深化我国沉积盆地深层地质研究与油气勘探提供引领。近年来,我国在深层海相碳酸盐岩、砂砾岩、火山岩、变质岩与页岩气等勘探领域中发现了一系列大型油气田,油气勘探发现深度推进到7 000～8 500m,勘探前景良好。但由于沉积盆地深层经历了长期构造演化,温、压场与应力场变化大,地质结构多变,油气成藏过程复杂,深层油气勘探面临着一系列关键地质问题,主要包括:中国大陆的形成演化及其构造-古地理,中国小克拉通地块之上海相盆地的原型及演化,中国沉积盆地的多期改造过程与叠加地质结构,沉积盆地的成因机制与动力学演化,深层烃源岩发育、成烃机制及其演化,深层储集体的形成机制与分布,深层油气成藏机制,多期叠加、改造背景下油气聚集与分布规律,深层页岩气赋存机制与分布规律,过程导向的沉积盆地4D动态模拟。我国沉积盆地深层的油气地质基础研究与实际应用需求相比有较大差距,需要立足于中国大陆实际,在盆地的形成演化过程与油气成藏动力学等方面进行深入探索,期望在活动论构造-古地理、三维构造复原、流体-岩石相互作用与四维动态模拟方面取得实质性进展。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.