孙家庄铁矿初级定向钻进及防斜措施

介绍了山西省原平市孙家庄铁矿矿区的地层概况和矿体特征,收集汇总了该矿区的前期钻孔数据资料和存在的孔斜问题,对该矿区的钻孔孔斜情况及原因进行了分析,总结了该矿区的钻孔孔斜变化规律及特点,对钻探施工中的钻孔结构、钻具级配、套管选用、初级定向钻进方法及防斜措施进行了详细的介绍,并用钻探施工效果证明了采用的初级定向钻进方法和采取的防斜措施是可行和合理的。     

瞬变电磁法在金属矿产勘查上的应用效果及存在问题探讨

依据瞬变电磁感应理论及运用该方法技术在金属矿产勘查方面的工作实践,对该方法技术的资料处理与解释水平、应用效果及存在问题等方面进行了一些思索和探讨.     

航空瞬变电磁法系统VTEM~(plus)的应用效果

航空瞬变电磁法测量系统VTEM~(plus)具有信噪比高、分辨能力强、探测深度大等技术优点,介绍了该系统的构成、主要技术参数、采集的数据类型和数据处理方法及所形成的图件资料,对资料解释方法也作了简要阐述。在新疆哈密黄土坡块状硫化物型矿区及内蒙古翁牛特旗小营子铅锌矿区,对该系统进行的测量试验,结果说明该方法应用在多金属勘查中效果良好。     

瞬变电磁法在金属矿产勘查上的应用效果及存在问题探讨

依据瞬变电磁感应理论及运用该方法技术在金属矿产勘查方面的工作实践，对该方法技术的资料处理与解释水平、应用效果及存在问题等方面进行了一些思索和探讨。     

基于线性回归的重力数据三维RMS成像

这里提出了一种基于线性回归的RMS成像方法,通过该方法可以分析判断重力异常源所处位置及赋存范围的方法。经过线性回归,得相关系数、斜率和截距三个参数,利用这三个参数计算RMS并对场源进行成像分析,以得到场源的位置及赋存状况。为了验证算法的可行性,通过简单模型和实测重力异常数据进行试验分析,验证了该方法可以有效地显示出异常地质体的位置及空间赋存状态。     

新疆土屋铜矿矿石特征及选矿工艺特性对矿石选冶开发利用的影响

对土屋铜矿矿石中矿物成分、结构构造、有益、有害元素种类和含量分布、赋存状态及综合利用方法等进行详细研究,论述了矿石选冶工艺特性,指出该矿床开发利用的有利和不利因素,对该矿床矿石选冶及开发利用具一定指导意义.     

塑料土工格栅加筋土挡土墙及其设计计算方法

本文道德介绍了塑料土工格栅加筋材料及加筋墙的特点;接着综合国内外的大量文献资料和规范,按极限平衡理论给出了一种实用的设计计算方法;最后应用该设计计算方法设计了一座加筋土挡墙工程。通过实验发现：该方法计算理论简单、概念明确、易于掌握,有限好的应用前景和实用价值。     

基于能量增减法的深埋绿片岩隧洞稳定性评价方法

基于对现场地质条件和开挖响应的直观认识和对岩石室内试验所得物理力学特性的深刻揭示,建立了深埋条件下软弱围岩大变形挤压程度分级方法及相对应的安全系数计算方法。该方法考虑到隧洞原岩集聚的能量过大是造成开挖后围岩失稳的根本原因,将隧洞原岩能量和围岩的总变形与弹性变形之比相结合,分析了隧洞的围岩稳定性状况,并在此基础上通过增减隧洞原岩能量得到了其安全系数。通过实际工程应用及与传统经验评价方法的对比,验证了该方法的合理性与适用性。该方法考虑了围岩的地质情况、断面形状、尺寸、开挖方式等多种因素,弥补了传统经验评价方法无法适应复杂多变的现场工程施工情况的不足,更加贴近实际。可为大变形隧洞的安全预测、开挖方案、支护设计等提供重要参考依据。     

一种新的计算岩石中实际矿物含量的方法—线性规划法

利用岩石化学分析数据,运用线性规划理论计算岩石中主要造岩矿物和副矿物的含量是可行的。本文详细论述了该方法的基本原理、计算方法及步骤,并对一些实例进行了计算,其结果令人满意.该方法排除了传统算法中的一些人为规定性.应用广泛.     

基于地理信息系统的公路边坡三维建模及可视化研究

基于MapGIS-TDE平台,利用山区公路勘察设计数据,研究了公路边坡地表、地上及地下模型的三维构建方法,提出了地表模型中未开挖坡面、开挖路面及开挖坡面3类子模型的约束表面构建方法。采用"基于要素面向实体的三维空间数据模型"实现了三维数据的组织及存储,相对其他的数据模型,该模型具有较好的适应性和灵活性。基于位移和雨量监测数据,实现了三维环境下的实时关联查询和统计,可为公路滑坡的监测预警提供实时分析资料。利用以上方法对湘西常德-吉首高速公路某边坡进行了三维模型的构建和可视化,验证了该方法的有效性。     

空气跟管钻进在南苏丹供水井流沙层中的应用实践

在南苏丹供水井钻探施工过程中,遇特别松散的流沙层,常规的泥浆护壁钻进难以成孔。简要介绍了在南苏丹供水井施工现场制作简易同步回转拨杠实现空气跟管钻进的基本原理与工作程序,有效地解决了流沙层的钻进成孔问题。并针对这一技术应用过程中存在的问题,提出了改进建议。     

山西寿阳任家店奥灰矿泉水水源地允许开采量评价

根据1991—1998年在寿阳一带进行的供水水文地质勘查成果，及任家店矿泉水水源地稳定流抽水试验成果，对矿泉水水源地的允许开采量进行评价，保护地下水资源环境，在开采期间不发生危害性的环境水文地质问题，为寿阳任家店奥灰矿泉水的开发提供参考：     

深基坑工程回灌管井设计若干问题探讨

针对深基坑工程回灌管井设计中的一些问题进行了探讨,根据不同回灌目的,将基坑工程地下水回灌分为基于环境控制和基于水资源保护这两类不同控制要求的地下水回灌,同时阐述了这两种不同回灌模式下的控制原则、定水头回灌与定流量回灌模式的选取原则、极限回灌压力及设计最大回灌压力的计算、最大安全回灌水头和最大可回灌量的确定方法以及回灌井开启时间的设定等回灌管井设计问题。     

Non-point pollution of groundwater from agricultural activities in Mediterranean Spain: the Balearic Islands case study

Mediterranean Spain is a region with intensive agricultural production combined with an important seasonal water demand for water supply. High application rates of inorganic nitrogen fertiliser, input of plant protection products and intensive irrigation, sometimes with treated wastewater, is a common practice. As a result, most aquifers show nitrate contamination problems of agricultural origin. Data on pesticide residues is scarce, as systematic monitoring is not currently done. In Majorca Island, values up to 700 mg/l of nitrate in groundwater have been observed. To analyse the current situation derived from non-point pollution, several actions have been taken at different scales: declaration of a nitrate vulnerable zone, field experiments to evaluate nitrogen transport to the aquifer and the development of a GIS-simulation model to generate nitrate risk maps.     

Analysis of travel time,sources of water and well protection zones with groundwater models

This study compares numerical models with analytical solutions in computing travel times and radius of protection zones for a pumping well located in an unconfined aquifer with uniform recharge and in a semi-confined aquifer. Numerical models were capable of delineating protection zones using particle tracking method in both cases. However, protection zones defined by travel time criterion can only protect small percent of source water to the well; large percent of source water is not protected which may pose a risk of pollution of source water to the well. The case study of Leggeloo well field in the Netherlands indicates that although a well field protection area was enforced in 1980s, elevated nitrate concentration has been monitored in the abstracted water since 1990s. The analysis of protection areas shows that the current protection area only protects 37.4% of recharge water to the well field. A large protection area must be adopted in order to safeguard the sustainable water supply for the local community     

矿井水的资源化与环境保护——以焦作矿区典型地段为例

针对我国煤矿区目前普遍存在的排、供矛盾和环境地质问题,本文首次提出了矿区排水、供水、环境保护三位一体优化结合的经济-水力管理模型。该模型通过布设地面矿坑抽水孔和奥灰(奥陶系灰岩)浅排孔等地上应急取水建筑物,增强了结合系统整体抗御突发性水害的能力,较好地解决了供水水源安全、稳定问题。同时,三位一体结合模型较为圆满地处理了长期以来从地质勘探到评价管理各个不同阶段,排、供和环保3个不同部门各立门户的封闭局面,避免了大量的重复投资,提高了评价、管理、决策的整体水平。本文以焦作矿区典型地段为研究实例。     

基于数值模型的地下水污染预警方法研究

地下水是中国许多城市主要的供水水源,目前中国部分城市地下水已受到不同程度的污染,导致地下水资源供需矛盾日益突出。进行地下水污染预警是保护地下水资源的一个有效措施,当前国内外相关研究刚刚起步,有关预警理论、方法和技术框架仍未形成一套完善的体系。本文简述了地下水污染预警的研究现状及存在的不足,并以中国北方某铬渣场地为例,根据当地的水文地质条件,利用数学模型建立了地下水污染预警模型,给出了不同等级的地下水污染预警分区,研究结果可为当地地下水污染防治和地下水污染控制规划提供科学依据。     

Analysis on the situation and countermeasures of water resources supply and demand in the cities of small and medium-sized river basins along southeast coast of China — taking Xiamen City as an example

The small and medium-sized river basins along southeast coast of China hold comparatively abundant water resources. However, the rapid resources urbanization in recent years has produced a series of water problems such as deterioration of river water quality, water shortage and exacerbated floods, which have constrained urban economic development. By applying the principle of triple supply-demand equilibrium, this paper focuses on the estimation of levels of water supply and demand in 2030 at different guarantee probabilities, with a case study of Xiamen city. The results show that water shortage and inefficient utilization are main problems in the city, as the future water supply looks daunting, and a water shortage may hit nearly 2 × 10⁸ m³ in an extraordinarily dry year. Based on current water supply-demand gap and its trend, this paper proposes countermeasures and suggestions for developing and utilizing groundwater resources and improving the utilization rate of water resources, which can supply as a reference for other southeast middle-to-small-sized basin cities in terms of sustainable water resources and water environment protection.     

CAD-DRASTIC: chloride application density combined with DRASTIC for assessing groundwater vulnerability to road salt application

Road salt is pervasively used throughout Canada and in other cold regions during winter. For cities relying exclusively on groundwater, it is important to plan and minimize the application of salt accordingly to mitigate the adverse effects of high chloride concentrations in water supply aquifers. The use of geospatial data (road network, land use, Quaternary and bedrock geology, average annual recharge, water-table depth, soil distribution, topography) in the DRASTIC methodology provides an efficient way of distinguishing salt-vulnerable areas associated with groundwater supply wells, to aid in the implementation of appropriate management practices for road salt application in urban areas. This research presents a GIS-based methodology to accomplish a vulnerability analysis for 12 municipal water supply wells within the City of Guelph, Ontario, Canada. The chloride application density (CAD) value at each supply well is calculated and related to the measured groundwater chloride concentrations and further combined with soil media and aquifer vadose- and saturated-zone properties used in DRASTIC. This combined approach, CAD-DRASTIC, is more accurate than existing groundwater vulnerability mapping methods and can be used by municipalities and other water managers to further improve groundwater protection related to road salt application.     

甘肃省地下水资源衰减与短缺解决对策建议

随着经济社会快速发展,针对现有水源地保护中暴露出的问题,结合地下水资源简要分析提出：结合流域性自然生态恢复与保护,对地下水、地表水水源地实施流域性保护区划分,以保证水源地利用的永久性和持续性,杜绝污染水体作用,并在一定程度上提高水资源总量利用率。在未来社会中,甘肃省地下水资源衰减与短缺需依赖于加大拦蓄地表水以下渗补给,城市集中式供水结构普遍转向以地下水、地表水供水并举,或以地表水供水为主,减少地下水开采,不排除跨流域调水补充等措施。