三江盆地绥滨断陷基底花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年代学及其构造意义

根据三江盆地绥滨断陷滨参1井基底花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果,探讨了盆地基底的性质。滨参1井基底花岗岩中的锆石呈自形-半自形晶,并具有典型的岩浆生长环带;锆石的Th/U值为0.22~0.82,表明其岩浆成因。花岗岩中锆石22个测点的²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄值为427~502 Ma,其加权平均年龄分为2组,分别为（430±8） Ma和（496±6） Ma。（430±8） Ma的年龄代表了三江盆地绥滨断陷基底花岗岩的形成时代为早志留世晚期;而（496±6） Ma可能是花岗岩浆形成或侵位过程中的捕获锆石年龄,并且它与佳木斯地块麻山群和泛非期片麻状花岗岩的形成时间一致。上述结果表明：三江盆地绥滨断陷基底中存在加里东期花岗岩,三江盆地西部基底与佳木斯地块的属性相同。     

黑龙江东部三江盆地绥滨坳陷构造演化与煤层气勘探评价

利用三江盆地绥滨坳陷新获取的地震、测井、钻井等勘探资料,通过构造解析和演化史研究认为三江盆地主要表现为中生代构造残留盆地与新生代伸展盆地的叠合,先后经历了晚侏罗世的断陷、早白垩世中—晚期的断陷和坳陷以及新生代的断陷-坳陷等4期成盆演化以及侏罗纪末和晚白垩世2期构造挤压改造。下白垩统含煤地层城子河组和穆棱组是绥滨凹陷中生界的主体。本文采用基于GIS的多层次模糊综合评价方法,从煤层气生气潜力和储气潜力两大项,考虑了煤类、煤厚、含气量、沉积相和构造地质条件等因素,对该区煤层气有利分布区进行了预测,提出绥滨坳陷东南部是煤层气勘探的最有利区域。     

黄县早第三纪断陷盆地充填特征及层序划分

黄县早第三纪断陷盆地充填沉积序列共划分出三个层序(三级层序),层序Ⅰ不完整,层序Ⅰ和层序Ⅱ皆由低位体系域、扩张体系域和萎缩体系域三个基本单位构成。层序界面主要有区域构造运动界面和盆地构造应力转换面一体系域转换界面两种类型。聚煤作用、油气聚集主要发生在盆地低水位至扩张期,低水位和扩张体系域含有主要的煤层和油气母岩(生油岩)。     

陆相断陷盆地层序类型与构造特征

本文通过对中国东部古近纪-新近纪陆相断陷盆地层序地层的研究表明：陆相断陷盆地存在着同生断裂坡折带、同沉积构造挠曲坡折带两种基本坡折类型和无坡折的平缓地貌,由此决定了陆相断陷盆地有三种基本的层序类型,这就是同沉积断裂坡折型层序——A型层序;同沉积构造挠曲坡折型层序——B型层序;无坡折的平缓型层序——C型层序。这三种层序在纵向上有规律的叠置组合就构成了盆地层序充填序列。断陷盆地层序的充填序列一般为C→A→B→C型,但也可发育成其他类型如A→B→C型或B→C型。同沉积断裂坡折型层序和同沉积构造挠曲坡折型层序的低位域砂体和高位域扇三角洲成藏条件优越、地震剖面易于识别是隐蔽油气藏勘探的主要目标。     

黑龙江省东部集贤——绥滨断陷盆地（松花江以北）充填演变特征

文章叙述了绥滨地区沉积充填系列，从沉积序列演化规律，论述集贤－－绥滨盆地的形成与沉积演变过程。     

三江盆地绥滨坳陷“滴道组”与东荣组地层及沉积相研究

通过绥滨坳陷“滴道组”与东荣组岩性特征、地震反射特征和层序发育特征的对比分析，发现在岩性方面这两套地层下部均含有砂砾岩、砾岩，中部以细砂岩、粉砂岩为主，上部沉积岩中均有火山岩夹层，不同的是“滴道组”含煤，东荣组不含煤；地震剖面上东荣组振幅及连续性好于“滴道组”；层序发育过程中均经历了两次海平面升降变化，在时间上具有可对比性。平面上，绥滨坳陷东北部为东荣组纯海相沉积，而西南部为“滴道组”（扇）三角洲沉积。因此，原“滴道组”应划归东荣组，认为“滴道组”为东荣组的异相沉积。据此进一步揭示其具有良好的生储盖组合。     

黑龙江省三江盆地绥滨坳陷沉降史分析

三江盆地绥滨坳陷现有4口钻井的一维正、反演构造沉降模拟结果表明,绥滨坳陷显示出张裂盆地的特征,表现为120Ma之前张裂阶段和之后的裂后热沉降阶段。张裂阶段沉降速率大约为80.37m/Ma,沉降量达1300m,拉张因子大约为1.16。热沉降阶段的沉降速率降到了6.6m/Ma,沉降量也只有200m左右。     

三江盆地绥滨坳陷构造特征及其与油气的关系

绥滨坳陷是三江盆地的次一级构造单元,位于三江盆地的西部。军川断裂是绥滨坳陷的主要控盆断裂,控制了其形成和演化。坳陷的主体是西断东超的箕状断陷,具有发育时间长、沉积厚度大、保存好、面积大等特征,有利于油气的生成;坳陷经历了造山后裂陷阶段、断陷阶段、挤压回返阶段、走滑拉分四个演化阶段,强烈的隆升和剥蚀对油气的储集有不利的影响。     

鄂尔多斯盆地煤层气资源及开发潜力分析

鄂尔多斯盆地含石炭—二叠纪和侏罗纪两套含煤岩系,煤层发育,厚度大。石炭—二叠纪煤层煤级高,为气煤—无烟煤,含气量高,为2.46～23.25m3/t;侏罗纪煤层煤级低,以长焰煤为主,含气量低,为0.01～6.29m3/t。全盆地煤层气总资源量为107235.7×108m3,占全国煤层气总资源量的1/3,煤层气勘探开发潜力巨大。煤层气开发最有利区块包括鄂尔多斯东缘的河东煤田和陕北石炭—二叠纪煤田、鄂尔多斯南缘的渭北煤田,有利区块包括鄂尔多斯南部黄陇煤田、鄂尔多斯西部庆阳含煤区和灵武-盐池-韦州含煤区。可见煤层气最有利和有利区块主要沿盆缘分布。鄂尔多斯盆地东缘、渭北煤田、黄陇煤田是目前煤层气勘探的热点地区,勘探成果预示出良好的开发前景。     

勃利盆地七台河断陷煤层气富集特征及有利区优选

勃利盆地七台河断陷煤层气资源丰富,但勘探程度低,富集成藏规律和成藏机制认识不足,制约了勘探实践。本文基于对七台河断陷区煤层气地质条件的精细解剖,揭示了研究区煤层气富集特征及成藏机制。研究发现七台河断陷煤层气成藏条件良好,其中下白垩统城子河组煤层层数多、总厚度大,发育多个富煤中心,热演化程度较高,煤储层物性较好,煤层含气量总体西高东低,构造、水文、封盖等保存条件较好,具备良好的煤层气成藏基础,存在向斜-水力封堵型、断层封闭-水力封堵型、断层-多煤层自封闭型3种煤层气成藏模式,埋藏适中、缓—滞留水环境下的“逆断层封闭区”、“次级构造高点”和“煤层中部分层”是煤层气富集成藏有利部位。在此基础上,建立了多层次模糊数学煤层气选区评价模型,进行了有利区评价,优选出青龙山—桃山区、马场区等7个煤层气有利区。     

煤成烃研究现状及应用——以三江盆地绥滨坳陷为例

阐述了煤系陆源有机质烃源岩特征和研究方法，对三江盆地绥滨坳陷白垩系穆棱－城子河组的煤系陆源有机质丰度，岩石热解参数和显微组分成烃性能进行了初步探讨，确定了该坳陷煤源岩的生烃级别。同时强调将煤系有机质源岩岩石学显微组分研究和建立东北地区煤成烃划分标准作为未来煤成烃研究的主攻方向。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘二叠系煤层气开发“甜点”地区基本地质特征分析

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤田勘探程度较高,煤层气地面钻井勘探历史比较长,勘探程度较高,煤层气开发试验取得了明显成果.美国圣胡安盆地FAIRWAY地区是煤层气产量最高的区域,称之为“甜点”.鄂尔多斯盆地东缘的不同区域二叠系煤层气产能不同,与多种因素有关,对该地区的“甜点”区的煤层特征、储层特征、圈闭特征等进行了详细分析,有利于指...     

考虑应力敏感性的煤层气井排采特征

与裂缝性砂岩气藏相比,煤层气藏是一种具有阶段性应力敏感特征的特殊裂缝性气藏。在煤层气排采初期, 有效水平应力起主导作用, 随着有效应力的增大,渗透率逐渐减小;当割理内部流体压力降低到解吸压力之后, 由于基质收缩,渗透率可得到一定程度恢复。所以,提高煤层气排采效果的重要举措,是尽可能提高煤层气压降-解吸的面积。在煤层气开采初期,不合理的高排采速率将引起近井地带渗透率降低,影响压降漏斗的传播,造成增排不增产的后果。通过岩心应力敏感实验,得到了岩心渗透率随有效应力的变化规律。以煤层气开采井为例,利用ECLIPSE E300三维双重孔隙介质多组份模拟器,证明了初期排采量并非越大越好,而是存在一个合理值。该结论可用于指导煤层气井的开采。     

History matching of enhanced coal bed methane laboratory core flood tests

Enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM) involves the injection of a gas, such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide, into the coal reservoir to displace the methane present. Potentially this strategy can offer greater recovery of the coal seam methane and higher rates of recovery due to pressure maintenance of the reservoir. While reservoir simulation forms an important part of the planning and assessment of ECBM, a key question is the accuracy of existing approaches to characterising and representing the gas migration process. Laboratory core flooding allows the gas displacement process to be investigated on intact coal core samples under conditions analogous to those in the reservoir. In this paper a series of enhanced drainage core floods are presented and history matched using an established coal seam gas reservoir simulator, SIMED II. The core floods were performed at two pore pressures, 2 MPa and 10 MPa, and involve either nitrogen or flue gas (90% nitrogen and 10% CO₂) flooding of core samples initially saturated with methane. At the end of the nitrogen floods the core flood was reversed by flooding with methane to investigate the potential for hysteresis in the gas displacement process. Prior to the core flooding an independent characterisation programme was performed on the core sample where the adsorption isotherm, swelling with gas adsorption, cleat compressibility and geomechanical properties were measured. This information was used in the history matching of the core floods; the properties adjusted in the history matching were related to the affect of sorption strain on coal permeability and the transfer of gas between cleat and matrix. Excellent agreement was obtained between simulated and observed gas rates, breakthrough times and total mass balances for the nitrogen/methane floods. It was found that a triple porosity model improved the agreement with observed gas migration over the standard dual porosity Warren-Root model. The Connell, Lu and Pan hydrostatic permeability model was used in the simulations and improved history match results by representing the contrast between pore and bulk sorption strains for the 10 MPa cases but this effect was not apparent for the 2 MPa cases. There were significant differences between the simulations and observations for CO₂ flow rates and mass balances for the flue gas core floods. A possible explanation for these results could be that there may be inaccuracy in the representation of mixed gas adsorption using the extended Langmuir adsorption model.     

多层叠置含煤层气系统成藏模拟软件研制

在前人成果基础上,优化改进了多层叠置含煤层气系统成藏演化史地质模型,在Microsoft Visual Studio 2008中运用C++语言开发成功,在Windows平台上测试通过后选取贵州织纳煤田水公河向斜为例进行了试算,计算结果能够较好地反映煤层气成藏演化历程。     

方位伽马在煤层气水平井中的应用

水平井作为煤层气开发的一种井型,施工难度相对较大,主要体现在安全着陆、钻遇率、储层保护、防塌防卡等,其中煤层钻遇率是提高产气量的重要指标。随着钻井技术和随钻仪器的不断发展,保障储层钻遇率的相关地质参数探管、短节和地质导向技术也相继应用在煤层气水平井施工中。现阶段在煤层气水平井中,伽马探管,特别是方位伽马探管的运用较广,利用伽马测井划分岩性、地层对比、计算地层视倾角的功能,为现场决策者提供井内地质参数,能够有效地为钻井服务。本文通过一口煤层气水平井的施工,介绍了方位伽马在煤层气水平井中的应用。     

鸡西盆地构造演化及煤层气资源量概率分布

鸡西盆地是松辽盆地外围东部勘探的重要目标区之一。早白垩世发育有多套煤系地层, 且分布面积广, 储量丰富, 是重要的烃源岩。本文在研究鸡西盆地地质构造特征的基础上, 恢复了鸡D1井区沉降史。沉降史曲线反映出该盆地经历了早期的快速断陷沉降, 但其间发生过三次短期抬升与剥蚀。从下白垩统上部猴石沟组沉积开始, 盆地进入了相对稳定沉降时期。海浪组沉积之后, 本地区发生了较长时间(约28 Ma) 的抬升与剥蚀, 而这一时期是鸡西盆地演化史上一次主要的构造变动期, 是盆地基本构造格局的形成期。根据早期的强烈快速断陷阶段形成的煤系相关参数并运用蒙特卡罗法计算的煤层气资源量在0.1、0.5、0.9的概率下分别为81.7 ×1011 m3、5.36 ×1011 m3、2.41 ×1011 m3。     

Role of coal type and rank on methane sorption characteristics of Bowen Basin, Australia coals

The effect of coal composition, particularly the organic fraction, upon gas sorption has been investigated for Bowen Basin and Sydney Basin, Australia coals. Maceral composition influences on gas retention and release were investigated using isorank pairs of hand-picked bright and dull coal in the rank range of high volatile bituminous (0.78% R_{o max}) to anthracite (3.01% R_{o max}). Adsorption isotherm results of dry coals indicated that Langmuir volume (V_L) for bright and dull coal types followed discrete, second-order polynomial trends with increasing rank. Bright coals had a minimum V_L at 1.72% R_{o max} and dull coals had a minimum V_L at 1.17% R_{o max}. At low rank, V_L was greater in bright coal by about 10 cm³/g, but as rank increased, the bright and dull trends converged and crossed at 1.65% R_{o max}. At ranks higher than 1.65% R_{o max}, both bright and dull coals followed similar trends. These competing trends mean that the importance of maceral composition on V_L varies according to rank. In high volatile bituminous coals, increases in vitrinite content are associated with increases in adsorption capacity. At ranks higher than medium to low volatile bituminous, changes in maceral composition may exert relatively little influence on adsorption capacity. The Langmuir pressure (P_L) showed a strong relationship of decreasing P_L with increasing rank, which was not related to coal type. It is suggested that the observed trend is related to a decrease in the heterogeneity of the pore surfaces, and subsequent increased coverage by the adsorbate, as coal rank increases. Desorption rate studies on crushed samples show that dull coals desorb more rapidly than bright coals and that desorption rate is also a function of rank. Coals of lower rank have higher effective diffusivities. Mineral matter was found to have no influence on desorption rate of these finely crushed samples. The evolution of the coal pore structure with changing rank is implicated in diffusion rate differences.     

松辽盆地梨树断陷十屋油田营城组层序地层及沉积体系

松辽盆地梨树断陷十屋油田营城组的岩心观察显示,其发育碎屑岩,局部发育安山岩、凝灰岩。营城组可划分为4 个三级层序: S7 ( 营四段) 、S8 ( 营三段) 、S9 ( 营二段) 和S10 ( 营一段) ,反映营城组时期湖平面发生过4 次较大规模的变化,层序发育较完整、连续性较好。层序7 属于深水型沉积,主要发育水下扇; 层序8 属于半深水型盆地边缘沉积,以发育三角洲和扇三角洲为特征; 层序9 和层序10 都属于浅水型沉积,发育棕褐色泥岩。以层序9 为例,区内主要发育的沉积体系类型为扇三角洲沉积体系、三角洲沉积体系和湖泊沉积体系,可进一步识别出扇三角洲前缘、三角洲前缘、三角洲平原、浅湖和半深湖等5 种亚相,水下重力河道、滑塌重力流、河口坝、间湾、水下扇和静水泥等19 种微相,以发育水下扇和水下重力河道沉积为特色。