吸附法盐湖卤水提锂的研究进展

简介了锂的广阔市场前景和资源概况,明确了从盐湖卤水中提取锂的必要性。论述了吸附法提锂的技术现状,重点介绍了几种无机吸附剂的基本性能和吸附机理。分析了当今卤水提锂技术中存在的一些问题,并指出了吸附法卤水提锂的研究方向。     

吸附法分离盐湖卤水中锂的研究进展

锂及其化合物是重要的化工原料,因其优越和独特的性能,需求量逐年增加。锂矿床类型主要有锂辉石、锂云母、透锂长石等固体型和盐湖型等液体矿。固体锂矿经过多年开发,采富弃贫,品质已临近经济下限,开发利用盐湖卤水和油田卤水中的锂资源日益受到重视。中国盐湖资源丰富,主要分布在青藏高原地区。盐湖中蕴藏着大量的锂资源,广泛应用于能源、化工、高科技等工业生产及居民生活领域,为保障资源供给和能源安全,分离盐湖中的锂资源十分迫切和必要。锂分离技术有吸附法、膜法、化学沉淀法、萃取法、结晶法、浮选法等,这些方法各有优势和不足,而吸附法适用于低品位、高浓盐、高镁锂比盐湖卤水中锂的分离。为此,总结了有关吸附法(电吸附)分离盐湖卤水中锂的原理、进展和优缺点,并总结和提出其发展方向。     

卤水提锂的萃取体系概述

介绍了国内外萃取法在含锂溶液,尤其在卤水中提取锂的部分研究进展情况,重点对各种萃取体系的机理和特点进行了说明,并对今后我国盐湖卤水萃取法提锂研究的方向进行了总结。     

盐湖卤水锂资源提取技术及开发现状

锂作为最轻的碱金属元素,广泛应用于国民经济的各个领域。近年来锂产品需求量日益增加,锂资源的有效开发和提取对于促进新能源发展、保障我国能源安全具有重要意义。青海柴达木地区盐湖卤水锂资源储量丰富,但高镁锂质量比增加了盐湖提锂的技术难度,并成为制约我国盐湖锂资源可持续发展的“卡脖子”关键问题。对目前国内外盐湖卤水提锂技术进行综述,介绍了卤水提锂方法最新研究进展,对于实现我国高镁锂比盐湖卤水锂资源绿色低碳高效开发利用具有重要意义。     

由盐湖卤水合成球形纳米硅酸镁锂

用青海柴达木盆地的盐湖卤水为原料,经浓缩后用水热法直接合成球形纳米硅酸镁锂,此方法充分利用了盐湖资源,无需镁锂分离。同时对样品进行了X-ray、TEM表征、计算了比表面积和粒径。     

盐湖提锂尾液中锂回收的吸附试验研究

从高镁锂比盐湖提锂生产尾液中回收锂,可实现锂资源高效回收利用,对企业经济效益的提高具有重要意义。以东台吉乃尔盐湖提锂尾液为原料,系统性研究了铝系层状锂吸附剂JW-LAHS对提锂尾液中锂的静态、动态吸附和解吸过程。结果表明,吸附剂的静态吸附容量为7.3 mg/g,镁锂分离因子为27.98;最佳动态吸附条件为床层高度24.8 cm,进料流速3.5 mL/min,此时穿透时间为22.0 min,Li⁺ 吸附率大于95%,饱和时间为210 min,饱和吸附容量达到5.5 mg/g,表明锂吸附剂适合从高镁锂比提锂尾液中回收锂。BDST模型能够准确预测床层穿透时间,误差小于8.61%。使用去离子水进行解吸,增大解吸流速能够加速Li⁺脱出,但对Mg²⁺ 的解吸无明显影响。解吸流速为4.6 mL/min,解吸360 min时,Li⁺ 解吸率为83.25%,总解吸液的镁锂比值为0.7,仅为提锂尾液(80)的0.88%。循环20次后吸附容量仍能保持原来的82%以上,表明锂吸附剂循环稳定性良好。     

盐湖卤水中锂的高效分离及其同位素比值的精确测定进展

锂的两个稳定同位素相对质量差较大,导致了自然界中的锂同位素分馏强烈。卤水中锂同位素作为良好示踪剂,可用以指示盐湖锂矿床的物质来源和形成机理。现阶段一般用热电离质谱法(TIMS)或多接收器电感耦合等离子质谱法(MC-ICP-MS)测量锂同位素比值,这两种方法都需要将锂从样品中与其它元素完全分离。在现有的卤水提锂方法中,吸附法能够得到较高的锂回收率,减少了锂同位素在提取过程中的分馏效应。本文主要介绍国内外近年来在提取锂和准确测定锂同位素比值方面所取得的进展。     

氯化钡法在盐湖高锂卤水中高效分离硫酸根的研究

在生产碳酸锂的工艺中,尤其除硫过程中,锂会伴随其它盐类析出,造成锂的大量夹带损失.因此盐湖高锂卤水中硫酸根的脱除对锂的高效富集,提高锂的收率有重大意义.研究以盐湖高锂卤水为原料,通过加入氯化钡,采用化学沉淀法除去卤水中的SO2-4.详细考察了原料配比(SO2-4与Ba2+的摩尔比)、加料方式、加料时间、反应时间、搅拌速...     

利用盐湖卤水萃取液制备碳酸锂

研究了利用盐湖卤水萃取液制备碳酸锂的方法和影响因素,解决了低锂离子条件下的沉锂困难,并得到了符合国家标准的一级碳酸锂,从而使盐湖卤水提取锂具备了实现工业化的可能。     

盐湖卤水直接提取氯化锂的研究概况

详细论述了世界各国从盐湖卤水中直接提取氯化锂技术研究的进展情况，并对我国发展盐湖卤水提取氯化锂的方向提出了好的建议。     

卤水锂资源提取技术中国专利分析

对中国卤水提锂资源开发现状进行专利信息的数据挖掘和分析。借助专利申请趋势、区域分布、申请人分布、IPC分布、专利技术比较分析等展现卤水锂资源开发的技术概况、研发热点与态势。研究可为企业的后续研发提供数据支持。     

Extraction of Lithium from Salt Lake Brine using N523-TBP Mixture System

In this work, problems encountered by tri-butyl phosphate (TBP) in the industrialization of lithium extraction from salt lake brine were discussed in detail. The lithium extraction behavior of N, N-bi-(2-ethylhexyl) acetamide (N523) was investigated, and its defect was analyzed in the view of practical application. The N523-TBP mixture extraction system was proposed to alleviate or avoid the defects that N523 and TBP met when they were used severally. The composition of this mixture extraction system was determined as 20%N523-30%TBP-50% kerosene. The effects of brine acidity, Fe/Li molarity ratio, phase ratio and chloride ion concentration on lithium extraction efficiency were discussed respectively. The operation conditions in single stage extraction were optimized as brine acidity=0.05 mol/L, Fe/Li molarity ratio=1.3 and phase ratio=2. The high concentration of chloride ion in brine was benefit for extraction of lithium. The structure of extracted complex was proposed as (LiFeCl4·nN523·mTBP)·(2-n)N523·(2-m)TBP (m+n=2) by chemical analysis and slope fitting methods. The extraction thermodynamic functions were calculated preliminarily, and the results suggested that the extraction process was an exothermic (ΔH<0) and spontaneous (ΔG<0) reaction, and the degree of disorder increased (ΔS>0) during the extraction process. This work will give some guidance to the lithium industry of Qinghai in both fundamental theory and practical application.     

国内盐湖卤水提取碳酸锂生产工艺及现状

对国内从盐湖卤水中提取碳酸锂的生产工艺及现状进行了综述,旨在为行业同仁进行相关开发研究时参考。     

Extraction of Lithium from Salt Lake Brine using N523-TBP Mixture System

In this work,problems encountered by tri-butyl phosphate( TBP) in the industrialization of lithium extraction from salt lake brine were discussed in detail. The behavior of N,N-bi-( 2-ethylhexyl) acetamide( N523) during lithium extraction was investigated,and its disadvantages were analyzed in the view of practical application. An N523-TBP mixture extraction system was proposed to alleviate or avoid the defects that N523 and TBP met when they were used separately. The optimal composition of this mixture extraction system was determined to be 20% N523-30% TBP-50% kerosene.The effects of brine acidity,Fe/Li molarity ratio,phase ratio and chloride ion concentration on lithium extraction efficiency were discussed. The operation conditions in single-stage extraction were optimized as brine acidity = 0. 05 mol/L,Fe/Li molarity ratio = 1. 3,and phase ratio = 2. The high concentration of chloride ions in brine was beneficial for the extraction of lithium. The structure of the extracted complex was proposed as( LiFeCl_4·n N523·m TBP)·( 2-n) N523·( 2-m) TBP( m + n = 2) by chemical analysis and slope-fitting methods. The extraction thermodynamic functions were calculated preliminarily,and the results suggested that the extraction process was an exothermic( ΔH 0) and spontaneous( ΔG 0) reaction,and the degree of disorder increased( ΔS 0) during the extraction process. This work will give some guidance to the lithium industry of Qinghai in both the fundamental theory and practical application.