基于遗传算法的二类水体水色遥感反演

提出一种基于遗传算法的二类水体水色遥感反演算法。该算法以三成分 (叶绿素、悬浮泥沙与黄色物质 )海水光学模型作为前向模型 ,以实数编码遗传算法作为优化方法 ,并采用一对波段比来构造目标函数。模拟反演的结果表明 ,该算法可以有效克服已有二类水体水色遥感优化反演方法在搜索策略方面存在的困难 ,是一种有较高计算效率、可靠与稳健的反演算法     

高光谱与多角度数据联合进行混合像元分解研究

混合像元问题是定量遥感的主要障碍之一。将混合像元问题归结为类内与类间像元混合两类，并对类内混合像元分解问题加以研究。混合像元分解的关键在于确定组分光谱，确定组分光谱的方法很多，但大多数方法基于以下假定，即从图像本身可以找到纯组分光谱，然而这一假定对于类内混合像元分解问题来说很难成立。提出采用高光谱与多角度相结合的方法，利用几何光学模型和线性光谱混合模型进行类内混合像元分解。即首先利用多角度数据反演几何光学交互遮蔽(GOMS)模型获得组分光谱，再对高光谱数据进行组分光谱分解。由于该方法直接从混合光谱产生的机理出发，因而更容易获得真正的亚像元信息。为减小反演误差，反演过程中采用改进的多阶段的反演策略，并充分利用多角度图像本身提供的先验信息。用BORE—AS试验获取的高光谱与多角度数据所作的研究表明，该方法可以获得比较理想的分解结果。     

Mapping Wetland Areas Using Landsat-Derived NDVI and LSWI: A Case Study of West Songnen Plain,Northeast China

Increasing interest in wetlands for environmental management requires an understanding of the location, spatial extent, and configuration of the resource. The National Wetlands Inventory is the most commonly used data source for this information. However, its accuracy is limited in some contexts, such as agricultural and forested wetlands. An large number of studies have mapped wetlands worldwide from the perspective of land use and land cover change. However, information on the actual wetland planting areas annually is limited, which greatly impacts ongoing research. In this case study of the West Songnen Plain, we developed a simple algorithm for the quick mapping of wetlands by utilizing their unique physical features, such as annual display of phenological land-cover change of exposed soils, shallow flooding water, and plants from multi-temporal Landsat images. Temporal variations of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Water Index (LSWI) derived from Landsat images in 2010 for wetlands at different growth stages were analyzed. Results show that during the ante-tillering phase, the NDVI value (above zero) is lower than the LSWI value of paddies because of flooding of shallow water; during the reproductive and ripening phases, the NDVI value is higher than the LSWI value (above zero); and during the post-harvest wetland planting phase, the NDVI value is still higher than the LSWI value, but the LSWI value is negative. Wetland areas can be detected using one or two images in the optimum time window. The algorithm based on the difference of NDVI and LSWI values derived from Landsat images was used to extract the actual wetland planting area. Validated alongside statistical data, the algorithm showed high accuracy. Therefore, this algorithm highlights the unique features of wetlands and can help in mapping the actual wetland area annually on a regional scale. Results further indicate that the new method has a classification accuracy of 92 %. In comparison, two traditional methods based on Landsat-7/ETM registered accuracy rates of only 83 % and 87 % respectively.     

利用高光谱数据估算太湖水体CDOM浓度的神经网络模型

利用2007-11-08~2007-11-21 14 d时间对太湖74个样点进行了水质取样分析和波谱实测。在分析水体固有光学特性的基础上,确定了CDOM浓度遥感反射比的敏感波段,建立了湖泊水体CDOM浓度反演的神经网络模型。结果表明,隐含层节点数为10的神经网络模型在各神经网络模型中效果最佳。利用验证样本对神经网络模型和其他算法模型进行误差分析,发现神经网络模型更适用于湖泊水体。     

基于HJ-1A/B CCD数据的东湖叶绿素a浓度反演可行性研究

以武汉东湖为研究区域,利用HJ-1A/B CCD数据和地而准同步叶绿索a浓度实测数据,建市适合东湖水体的叶绿素a浓度遥感定量估算模型,从而分析HJ-1A/B CCD数据应用于内陆湖泊水体叶绿素a浓度反演的可行性.     

MODIS数据东湖叶绿素a遥感反演研究

以武汉东湖为研究区域,利用MODIS数据和地面准同步叶绿素a浓度实测数据,建立适合东湖水体的叶绿素a浓度遥感定量估算模型,从而分析MODIS数据应用于内陆湖泊水体叶绿素a浓度反演的可行性。     

基于MODIS植被丰度的沙漠化界线提取方法探究——以陕甘宁地区为例

以陕甘宁地区为研究区、2001—2015年的MODIS遥感影像为数据源,基于MODIS像元的植被丰度提出了累积曲线梯度变化法,通过提取沙漠化界线确定了用植被丰度表达的界线指标,讨论了陕甘宁地区的沙漠化变化。结果表明:(1)基于数学统计分析方法的累积曲线梯度变化法,方法简单、可操作性强,为沙漠化的定量分析与动态监测提供了新方法;(2)以植被丰度15%为指标作为陕甘宁地区的沙漠化界线,发现在这15年间,陕甘宁地区的沙漠化呈现在波动中不断改善的总体趋势。     

GML for Representing Data from Spatio-Historical Databases: A Case Study

Many applications, in areas such as land use, traffic management and location aware services, involve the storage, analysis and sharing of spatio‐temporal data. The need to represent such data in a way that eases sharing across applications, has led to the development of the Geography Markup Language (GML), which provides a rich collection of constructs for representing spatial and associated aspatial data as XML documents. However, although there are a growing number of applications and tools that make use of GML, there are surprisingly few experience reports on the representation of data from existing applications or models using GML constructs. This paper provides one such report, describing the use of GML as an exchange format for the Tripod spatio‐historical database. This in turn involves identifying mappings between Tripod and GML constructs, and the development of a generic architecture for carrying out such mappings. The experience demonstrates that even though GML provides rich modelling facilities, the development of mappings from pre‐existing models can be challenging, as related constructs often provide semantically distinct capabilities.     

基于POI数据的广场功能研究——以兰州市城关区为例

基于ArcGIS中的网络分析法,选取兰州市城关区东方红广场、五泉下广场和万达广场构建沿不同等级交通线的1 min、1.5 min、3 min 3个缓冲区圈层,同时统计不同缓冲区内居住设施、公共管理与公共服务设施和商业设施三大类兴趣点(point of interest,POI)数据的数量与占比.结果显示,东方红广场的交...     

A Doubly Weighted Approach to Urban Data Disaggregation in GIS: A Case Study of Wuhan, China

Urban models are evolving to require more and more detailed data that in many cases have to be spatially disaggregated from larger zones. This paper deals with the disaggregation of statistical data in an urban context in which land use data are available at a less detailed level. With the availability of land use data, the traditional approach of areal weighting is improved with an areal and land use weighted approach. This weighted approach is further elaborated to include homogeneous weight zones (HWZ) so as to reflect general geographical variations among the same land use type. A case study in Wuhan, China has demonstrated the effectiveness of the doubly weighted approach within the specified context.     

基于带模型的叶绿素a浓度反演精度评估

为了评估遥感反演叶绿素a浓度的精度,以2004年8月19日太湖38个水质样本数据和同步Hyperion卫星遥感影像数据为基础,借鉴四波段半分析算法,结合空间数据不确定性原理,构建了基于四波段半分析算法的“带模型”.通过研究与探讨可知,当叶绿素a浓度为10～20 μg/L和50～100 μg/L时,叶绿素a浓度的反演误差...     

Assessment of Late Blight Induced Diseased Potato Crops: A Case Study for West Bengal District Using Temporal AWiFS and MODIS Data

Remote sensing technology becomes an effective and inexpensive technique for detecting disease in vegetation. In this study, an attempt has been done to discriminate healthy and late blight affected crop using remote sensing based indices such as NDVI and LSWI. NDVI and LSWI spectral profiles between healthy and late blight affected crop shows large difference. Mean difference in reflectance between two acquired dates Jan. 10 and 29, 2009 crop clusters varied from 31.28 % in red band, 7.7 % in NIR band and 6.23 % in SWIR bands in healthy crops while in late blight affected crops it is ?15.5 % in red, 44.4 % in NIR and ?14.61 % in SWIR bands. Negative percentage differences in reflectance indicate reflectance increases from Jan. 10, 2009 to Jan. 29, 2009, while positive difference indicate decrease in reflectance between the two dates. Since potato is an irrigated crop, these differences in reflectance are attributed to prevalent disease at that time. It is found that severely affected areas are Bardhman, Arambag, Bishnupur, Ghatal and Hugli taluka with crop damage areas are 4036.66, 1138.68, 2025.23, 469.15, and 380.08 ha, respectively.     

Using Spatially Explicit Simulated Data to Analyze Animal Interactions: A Case Study with Brown Hyenas in Northern Botswana

New developments in global positioning systems (GPS) and related satellite tracking technologies have facilitated the collection of highly accurate data on moving objects, far surpassing the ability to analyze them. Within geographic information science, ‘movement pattern analysis’ (MPA) has developed as a subfield that addresses concepts and theories used to explore the spatio‐temporal structure in data, although the methodological and analytical framework associated with MPA is new and still evolving. Interactions between individuals can be considered a second order property of movement and have been far less studied. The nature of interactions between individuals in a population is a fundamental aspect of a species' behavioral ecology and information on the frequency and duration of these interactions is vital to understanding mating and territorial behavior, resource use, and infectious disease epidemiology. The focus of this work was to explore how spatially explicit simulated data can be used to analyse dynamic interactions between individuals. Five different techniques that have been used to quantify dynamic interactions based on GPS data of pairs of individuals were utilised, and all were compared in the context of spatially explicit simulated data intended to represent biologically realistic null models for individual movement, and subsequently paired interactions.     

Integration of Satellite Telemetry Data and Land Cover Imagery: A Study of Migratory Cranes in Northeast Asia

The present study describes a procedure for quantitatively analyzing satellite telemetry data to identify interspecific land use differences among four threatened crane species. The inherent inaccuracy of satellite telemetry data points, the temporal autocorrelation of those points, and the resolution of two land‐cover imagery products from the IGBP‐DISCover Global Land‐Cover Characterization Project (derived from AVHRR data) were assessed and integrated in a GIS. Satellite telemetry is a system where animals are tracked using battery‐operated transmitters and locations are calculated using triangulation from satellites. Using the variable spatial inaccuracy of the telemetry locations, each point was buffered using a radius based on the accuracy of the point, and then intersected with the land cover imagery. The research concluded that the methodology is valuable for studies of birds at a regional scale, with interspecific differences clearly evident, but that diurnal and nocturnal differences were not discernable due to the coarse resolution of both satellite telemetry and land‐cover data.     

基于ASTER影像的蚀变异常提取方法研究——以赞比亚谦比希铜矿床地区为例

基于赞比亚谦比希(Chambishi)铜矿带中的多种蚀变矿物及其在ASTER影像VNIR - SWIR谱带的特征光谱分析,采用相对波段吸收深度(Relative absorption- Band Depth,RBD)和波段比值的方法对蚀变信息进行增强处理.用波段比值ASTER 2/ASTER 1和ASTER 3的RBD...     

A Case Study on Forewarning of Yellow Rust Affected Areas on Wheat Crop Using Satellite Data

Objective of this study was to identify stripe rust affected areas of wheat crop as well as evaluation of remote sensing (RS) derived indices. Moderately low temperature and high humidity favour the growth of yellow rust. Most affected areas of Punjab are the foothill districts such as Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur and Ropar. Occurrence of yellow rust is possible when maximum temperature for day is below 15 °C and Temperature difference of day’s maximum and minimum temperature is less than 5 °C during the early growth of wheat. Forecast of the infestation was done using 3 days forecast of weather data obtained from Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model at 5 km resolution. Weather forecast used was obtained from Meteorological and Oceanographic Satellite Data Archival System (MOSDAC) site and post infestation, identification of specific locations were done using multi-date IRS AWiFS data. It is an attempt for early detection through 3 days advance forewarning of weather which will be handy tool for planners to expedite relief measures in case of epidemic with a more focused zones of infestation as well as for crop insurers to know the location and extent of damage affected areas.     

Using GIS in Areawide Pest Management: A Case Study in South Dakota

Infestations of corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) create economic and environmental concerns in the Corn Belt region of the United States. To supplement the population control tactics of areawide pest management programs, we believe that a better understanding of the spatial relationships between biotic and abiotic or physical factors at the landscape scale is needed. Our research used several geographical information systems (GIS) and spatial analytical techniques to examine relationships between corn rootworm metapopulation dynamics, soil texture, and elevation. Within GIS, several spatially explicit procedures were used that include an interpolation technique, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and contingency analysis. Corn rootworm metapopulation distributions were found to be aggregated and related to soil texture and elevation. We review techniques and discuss our preferences for using particular spatially explicit procedures. The information derived from the spatial analyses demonstrates how GIS can be used in areawide pest management to provide inputs for spatially explicit models to predict future pest populations and formulate more well‐informed pest management decisions. The techniques described in this paper could easily be extended to study the spatial dynamics between other pest populations in agricultural landscapes.     

省级国土资源数据物理存储策略及效率分析--以陕西省多级国土资源数据为例

国土资源数据高效存储技术及策略是国土资源信息化的基础。本文基于对省内多级行政单元国土资源数据特征及管理需求分析,提出了省内多级行政单元国土资源数据应用模式及数据布局策略,并以陕西省实际数据为例,对省级土地利用数据库的地类图斑要素层,按县级多实例、全省单实例（不进行布局控制）和全省单实例（按县进行数据库分区布局）三种布局策略下的数据访问性能进行了测试和对比分析,形成了对我国国土资源数据管理部门具有重要参考价值的结论。     

Terrain Characterization for Soil Resource Mapping Using IRS-P6 Data and GIS - A Case Study From Basaltic Terrain of Central India

In the present study, landforms and soils have been characterized in Borgaon Manju watershed of basaltic terrain located in Akola district, Maharashtra, Central India. Terrain characterization using Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) elevation data (90 m) and IRS-P6 LISS IV data in conjunction with adequate field surveys shows nine distinct landforms. Soil resource inventory shows fourteen soil series in the study area. Soils formed on gently sloping (3–8 %) subdued plateau are very shallow (23 cm), moderately well drained, moderate (15–40 %) surface stoniness, severely eroded, clayey and slightly alkaline in reaction, whereas, the soils formed on level to nearly level (0–1 %) slope in the main valley are very deep (>150 cm), well drained, very slight (<3 %) surface stoniness, moderately eroded with clayey surface and moderately alkaline in reaction. Soils in the watershed are grouped into Lithic Ustorthents, Vertic Haplustepts, Calcic Haplustepts, Typic Haplustepts, Typic Haplusterts and Sodic Calciusterts. The study demonstrates that the analysis of SRTM elevation data and IRS P6–IV data in Geographic Information System (GIS) with adequate field surveys helps in characterization of landforms and soils in analysis of landscape-soil relationship.