GTP-based integral real-3D spatial model for engineering excavation GIS

Engineering excavation GIS (E^2GIS) is a real-3D GIS serving for geosciences related to geo-engineering, civil engineering and mining engineering based on generalized tri-prism (GTP) model.As two instances of GTP model, G-GTP is used for the real-3D modeling of subsurface geological bodies, and E-GTP is used for the real-3D modeling of subsurface engineering excavations. In the light of the discussions on the features and functions of E2 GIS, the modeling principles of G-GTP and E-GTP are introduced. The two models couple together seamlessly to form an integral model for subsurface spatial objects including both geological bodies and excavations. An object-oriented integral real-3D data model and integral spatial topological relations are discussed.     

Site Suitability Analysis for Urban Development Using GIS Based Multicriteria Evaluation Technique

Identification of suitable site for urban development in hilly areas is one of the critical issues of planning. Site suitability analysis has become inevitable for delineating appropriate site for various developmental initiatives, especially in the undulating terrain of the hills. The study illustrates the use of geographic information system (GIS) and multicriteria evaluation (MCE) technique for selection of suitable sites for urban development in Mussoorie municipal area, Dehradun district, Uttarakhand. For this purpose Toposheet and IKONOS satellite data were used to generate various thematic layers using ArcGIS software. Criteria using five parameters, i.e. slope, road proximity, land use/land cover, land values and geological formation were used for site suitability analysis following land evaluation. The generated thematic maps of these criteria were standardized using pairwise comparison matrix known as analytical hierarchy process (AHP). A weight for each criterion was generated by comparing them with each other according to their importance. With the help of these weights and criteria, final site suitability map was prepared.     

地质要素在工程构筑选址中的影响特性分析

新的作战样式催生地质环境下工程构筑选址这一全新的命题。本文探究了地质要素对工程构筑选址的影响,将工程分成三大类,总结三类工程的地质影响要素;通过分析土体、岩体的物理化学和力学性质对工事的作用,总结陆域水体对岩体和建筑材料的物理化学作用,梳理主要的构造、地质灾害和资源类型对工程的影响,明确了六大类地质要素在工程构筑选址中的影响特性,为下一步确定各要素在工程构筑选址中的权重以及构建工程构筑选址信息模型奠定了基础。     

Predictive GIS model for potential mapping of Cu,Pb, Zn mineralization

The geologic features indicative of Cu, Pb, Zn mineral deposits in a area are fractures (structure), and host rock sediments. Datasets used include Cu, Pb, Zn deposit points record, geological data, remote sensing imagery (Landsat TM5). The mineral potential of the study area is assessed by means of GIS based geodata integration techniques for generating predictive maps. GIS predictive model for Cu, Pb, Zn potential was carried out in this study area (Weixi) using weight of evidence.     

GTP-based integral real-3D spatial model for engineering excavation GIS

Engineering excavation GIS (E2 GIS) is a real-3D GIS serving for geosciences related to geo-engineering, civil engineering and mining engineering based on generalized tri-prism (GTP) model. As two instances of GTP model, G-GTP is used for the real-3D modeling of subsurface geological bodies, and E-GTP is used for the real-3D modeling of subsurface engineering excavations. In the light of the discussions on the features and functions of E2GIS, the modeling principles of G-GTP and E-GTP are introduced. The two models couple together seamlessly to form an integral model for subsurface spatial objects including both geological bodies and excavations. An object-oriented integral real-3D data model and integral spatial topological relations are discussed.     

基于GIS的3维地质建模与可视化研究

提出一种基于GIS的简单、快速和直观的3维地质建模及可视化方法。利用ArcGIS的VBA语言编写钻孔数据提取程序生成钻孔3维模型;通过空间插值工具生成地层的TIN表面模型,并基于矢量化工具获取的断裂线生成断层的3维表面模型,从而组合成地质构造的结构模型。此外,利用C#语言基于SceneControl组件开发了3维地质可视化系统原型,并对构建的地质结构模型进行了展示。系列实验结果表明,该方法具有操作简单、可视化效果好和系统开发周期短的特点,在地学研究、工程应用和其他相关领域具有一定的推广应用价值。     

Approaches for delineating landslide hazard areas using different training sites in an advanced artificial neural network model

The current paper presents landslide hazard analysis around the Cameron area, Malaysia, using advanced artificial neural networks with the help of Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing techniques. Landslide locations were determined in the study area by interpretation of aerial photographs and from field investigations. Topographical and geological data as well as satellite images were collected, processed, and constructed into a spatial database using GIS and image processing. Ten factors were selected for landslide hazard including: 1) factors related to topography as slope, aspect, and curvature; 2) factors related to geology as lithology and distance from lineament; 3) factors related to drainage as distance from drainage; and 4) factors extracted from TM satellite images as land cover and the vegetation index value. An advanced artificial neural network model has been used to analyze these factors in order to establish the landslide hazard map. The back-propagation training method has been used for the selection of the five different random training sites in order to calculate the factor’s weight and then the landslide hazard indices were computed for each of the five hazard maps. Finally, the landslide hazard maps (five cases) were prepared using GIS tools. Results of the landslides hazard maps have been verified using landslide test locations that were not used during the training phase of the neural network. Our findings of verification results show an accuracy of 69%, 75%, 70%, 83% and 86% for training sites 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. GIS data was used to efficiently analyze the large volume of data, and the artificial neural network proved to be an effective tool for landslide hazard analysis. The verification results showed sufficient agreement between the presumptive hazard map and the existing data on landslide areas.     

Approaches for delineating landslide hazard areas using different training sites in an advanced artificial neural network model

The current paper presents landslide hazard analysis around the Cameron area, Malaysia, using advanced artificial neural networks with the help of Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing techniques. Landslide locations were determined in the study area by interpretation of aerial photographs and from field investigations. Topographical and geological data as well as satellite images were collected, processed, and constructed into a spatial database using GIS and image processing. Ten factors were selected for landslide hazard including: 1) factors related to topography as slope, aspect, and curvature; 2) factors related to geology as lithology and distance from lineament; 3) factors related to drainage as distance from drainage; and 4) factors extracted from TM satellite images as land cover and the vegetation index value. An advanced artificial neural network model has been used to analyze these factors in order to establish the landslide hazard map. The back-propagation training method has been used for the selection of the five different random training sites in order to calculate the factor’s weight and then the landslide hazard indices were computed for each of the five hazard maps. Finally, the landslide hazard maps (five cases) were prepared using GIS tools. Results of the landslides hazard maps have been verified using landslide test locations that were not used during the training phase of the neural network. Our findings of verification results show an accuracy of 69%, 75%, 70%, 83% and 86% for training sites 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. GIS data was used to efficiently analyze the large volume of data, and the artificial neural network proved to be an effective tool for landslide hazard analysis. The verification results showed sufficient agreement between the presumptive hazard map and the existing data on landslide areas.     

三维地质建模及其在地下空间开发中的应用

开发地下空间是许多城市谋求发展的重要途径,也是当前城市建设的重要组成部分。信息化是地下空间开发利用的必然要求,三维地质建模系统具有直观、高效、便利等特点,在城市地下空间开发利用领域有着广阔的应用前景。本文首先阐述了三维地质建模系统的理论方法,给出了三维地质建模流程,介绍了两种三维地质建模方法;然后分析了三维地质建模系统在地下空间选址、地下工程建设、地下空间管理中的应用     

ERS-2 SAR and IRS-1C LISS III data fusion: A PCA approach to improve remote sensing based geological interpretation

Fusion of optical and synthetic aperture radar data has been attempted in the present study for mapping of various lithologic units over a part of the Singhbhum Shear Zone (SSZ) and its surroundings. ERS-2 SAR data over the study area has been enhanced using Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) based filtering approach, and also using Frost filtering technique. Both the enhanced SAR imagery have been then separately fused with histogram equalized IRS-1C LISS III image using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique. Later, Feature-oriented Principal Components Selection (FPCS) technique has been applied to generate False Color Composite (FCC) images, from which corresponding geological maps have been prepared. Finally, GIS techniques have been successfully used for change detection analysis in the lithological interpretation between the published geological map and the fusion based geological maps. In general, there is good agreement between these maps over a large portion of the study area. Based on the change detection studies, few areas could be identified which need attention for further detailed ground-based geological studies.     

数字东莞三维地质灾害信息发布平台设计与实现

东莞市三维地质灾害信息发布平台基于stamp GIS三维技术,利用GIS强大的数据管理与分析能力,实现了东莞市地质灾害数据专题数据管理、群测群防、防灾知识宣传、二三维一体化显示及应用,为相关职能部门提供决策依据。     

Predictive GIS model for potential mapping of Cu, Pb, Zn mineralization

IntroductionChina is the third richest country in the world ofmineral resources with a total potential value of 11trillion USdollars. Yunnan Provincce is one of theimportant metallogenic belts for nonferrous and pre-cious metal deposits[1].Mineral source …     

3维GIS在管道完整性管理中的应用

介绍了大庆油田工程有限公司在管道完整性管理信息化系统建设方面的成果，重点介绍3维GIS技术在完整性管理中的应用，以3维GIS作为工具进行工程地质灾害风险分析与预测的实现方法。     

3维GIS在管道完整性管理中的应用

介绍了大庆油田工程有限公司在管道完整性管理信息化系统建设方面的成果,重点介绍3维GIS技术在完整性管理中的应用,以3维GIS作为工具进行工程地质灾害风险分析与预测的实现方法。     

Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP)-Based Flood Water Retention Planning in Thailand

The Chi River basin is the lifeline of northeast Thailand and suffers from recurrent flood and drought. The fundamental solution lies in storing the flood water and using it in the dry months for agriculture and domestic use. This paper describes a methodology that can help identify the optimum of flood retention reservoirs based on the use of an analytical hierarchical process (AHP). The parameters considered in the study were salt crust, soil drainage, slope, land use, and geological formation. AHP was used to compute the weights of the main and sub-criteria. These weights were employed to determine a Water Harvesting Potential Index (WHPI). Based on the analysis, potential areas were categorized as excellent, good, moderate, and poor candidates. These data were converted into vector layers for creating water harvesting zone maps. The capacity of the potential reservoirs was computed in a GIS environment using an analysis of digital elevation models (DEMs) and maps of potential water harvesting zones. The DEM had some missing data points, which were filled and calibrated. The map was validated with a field survey of the flood water retention site and the reservoir sites under the supervision of Regional Office of Irrigation 6, Thailand. The proposed methodology improved the ability to identify the location of flood water retention reservoirs in Thailand.     

Runoff estimation and potential recharge site delineation using analytic hierarchy process

One of the prime global issues in the field of hydrological science is water scarcity and its degrading quality. In this paper, geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing techniques are applied over a study of granite watershed area of ～200 km² with semi-arid climatic conditions for estimating surface runoff using a modified soil conservation service curve number method and subsequent site selection for water harvesting structures such as check dams and percolation ponds to enhance recharge of groundwater. Further, some of the sites selected for appropriate construction of recharge structures through analytic hierarchy process were investigated for site efficacy. All the recharge sites selected were found feasible and appropriately suitable. This study demonstrates the capability of GIS and its application for the construction of water harvesting structures over semi-arid areas.     

基于GIS和3dsMax的3维地质场景建立与可视化研究

提出一种基于ArcGIS和3dsMax的3维地质场景建立与可视化方法。其主要原理是：首先利用ArcMap矢量化水平地质构造剖面边界;其次,利用3dsMax及其嵌的脚本语言分别生成水平地质剖面和钻孔数据的3维立体模型;然后,利用Max脚本绘制了3维地质剖面,建立了3维地质场景并实现其可视化。该方法具有简单、快速和直观的优点,可以推广应用于地学研究和工程应用等相关领域。     

Demarcation of palaeochannels and integrated ground water resources mapping in parts of Hisar district,Haryana

Present study deals with the demarcation of palaeochannels and mapping of integrated water resources in parts of Hisar district, Haryana using Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS-1D) LISS-III Data of December 21, 2001. The landforms identified are Sand Dune, Dune Complex, Aeolian Plain, Fluvioaeolian plain, Palaeochannel and Younger Alluvial Plain formed by aeolian, fluvio-aeolian, and fluvial processes. These palaeochannels are first time demarcated in the area. The ground water prospects of various geomorphic units have been assessed. Depth to water level and ground water quality maps were digitized and put in to GIS format. Ground water prospects and quality maps were integrated and depth to water level information was draped on it to prepare final integrated ground water resources map. This map depicts ground water prospects, quality and depth together in a single map, which will help in and ground water exploration.     

基于OpenGL的边坡数字地质编录空间查询研究

基于影像的数字地质编录,是摄影测量、地理信息系统和工程地质等多学科技术交叉发展的成果之一,目前仍处于研究发展阶段。本文利用边坡数字地质编录结果和边坡正射影像,运用VC 和OpenGL技术,探讨实现水电工程中边坡地质编录的3维动态显示以及交互查询功能。     

遥感和GIS技术应用于伊拉克南部Basrah省土地利用/覆盖变化及城市扩张研究

In recent years, land use/cover dynamic change has become a key subject that needs to be dealt with in the study of global environmental change. In this paper, remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) are integrated to monitor, map, and quantify the land use/cover change in the southern part of Iraq (Basrah Province was taken as a case) by using a 1:250 000 mapping scale. Remote sensing and GIS software were used to classify Landsat TM in 1990 and Landsat ETM+ in 2003 imagery into five land use and land cover (LULC) classes: vegetation, sand, urban area, unused land, and water bodies. Supervised classification and normalized difference build-up index (NDBI) were used respectively to retrieve its urban boundary. An accuracy assessment was performed on the 2003 LULC map to determine the reliability of the map. Finally, GIS software was used to quantify and illustrate the various LULC conversions that took place over the 13-year span of time. Results showed that the urban area had increased by the rate of 1.2% per year, with area expansion from 3 299.1 km² in 1990 to 3 794.9 km² in 2003. Large vegetation area in the north and southeast were converted into urban construction land. The land use/cover changes of Basrah Province were mainly caused by rapid development of the urban economy and population immigration from the countryside. In addition, the former government policy of “returning farmland to transportation and huge expansion in military camps” was the major driving force for vegetation land change. The paper concludes that remote sensing and GIS can be used to create LULC maps. It also notes that the maps generated can be used to delineate the changes that take place over time. Supported by the Al-Basrah University, Iraq, the Geo-information Science and Technology Program (No. IRT 0438)China).