适用于全周期结构的速度脉冲型地震动强度表征参数研究

鉴于传统的地震动强度表征参数（IM）不能有效地反映速度脉冲型地震动的破坏特征,需要研究能够在全周期段内表征速度脉冲型地震动强度的参数。本文首先从NGA-West2强震数据库中选取了236条速度脉冲记录,分析了42种地震动参数之间的相似性和相关性,初步给出了速度脉冲型地震动强度的表征参数;其次,利用单自由度体系动力时程分析方法,研究了不同延性μ条件下速度脉冲型地震动强度表征参数与最大非线性位移u_m之间的相关性系数随周期T的变化特征,并通过线性回归和离差分析方法确定了初步给出的速度脉冲型地震动强度表征参数的有效性及其应用范围;最后,将速度脉冲对加速度反应谱的放大系数A_f作为速度脉冲型地震动强度表征参数,并验证其有效性。结果表明:① 当0＜T＜1 s时,S_a（T）作为速度脉冲型地震动强度表征参数的有效性较好;② 当1＜T＜3 s时,S_a,avg,S_v,avg,PPV,I_f和PGV作为速度脉冲型地震动强度表征参数的有效性较好;③ 当3＜T＜6 s时,S_a,avg,S_v,avg,PPV,I_f,PGV和S_a（T）不宜作为速度脉冲型地震动强度表征参数;④ 当0＜T＜6 s时,A_f作为速度脉冲型地震动强度表征参数的有效性较好,而且,当结构自振周期小于速度脉冲周期时,A_f作为速度脉冲型地震动强度表征参数时u_m的离散性最小。      

结构非线性时程分析中的地震动参数选择

基于性能的抗震设计是当前建筑结构设计的发展方向,其面临的一个重要问题是如何确定结构的需求,特别是非线性变形。在进行结构的非线性动力时程分析时,面临着众多的不确定因素,而地震动输入的不确定性对结构的响应影响最大。本文围绕地震动参数的选择展开研究,建立弹塑性SDOF体系和MDOF体系模型,从PEER强震数据库中选择182条远场水平地震动记录作为地震输入,计算结构的地震响应,分别对32个地震动参数和结构响应值取对数后进行线性回归分析,从有效性、实用性和效益性3个方面对不同地震动参数进行评价。分析结果表明:在进行结构非线性动力时程分析时,应针对结构的基本周期不同,选用不同的地震动强度参数。对于基本周期小于0.6 s的结构,可选用加速度类参数(如PGA或EPA);对于基本周期在0.6 s~3.0 s的结构,可选用速度类的参数(如PGV、EPV或者HI);对于基本周期大于3.0 s的结构,可选用位移类参数(如PGD等)。     

地震动峰值特征参数对土坡地震响应的规律研究

本文随机选取了100条具有不同地震动峰值特征参数的地震动记录,通过基线校正、积分等方法获取每条地震动的峰值加速度（PGA）、峰值速度（PGV）和峰值位移（PGD）三个参数,进而基于有限元数值模拟,通过对比同一个观测点不同峰值特征参数的特性与不同观测点同一峰值特征参数的特性来研究土坡的地震响应规律,分析各地震动峰值特征参数与土坡地震响应的相关性。计算结果表明:PGA,PGV和PGD与土坡地震响应都具有良好的正相关性,其相关性系数平均值分别为0.868,0.981,0.926;PGV的相关性优于PGA和PGD,而PGD的相关性要稍好于PGA。因此在关于土坡稳定性评价中,建议采用PGV作为参数指标。      

近断层地震动作用下超高层结构地震响应分析

研究了近断层脉冲型地震动作用下超高层结构的影响。选取了近断层脉冲型地震、近断层无脉冲型地震动和普通地震动,用三类地震动对超高层结构进行了7度(0.1 g)罕遇水准地震作用下的动力时程分析,对比分析三类地震动作用下超高层结构的动力响应。结果表明:近断层脉冲型地震动的脉冲特性放大了超高层结构的响应;近断层脉冲型地震动作用下结构响应在加强层处的突变值大于无脉冲型地震动及普通地震动作用下的突变值;近断层脉冲型地震动作用下结构的最大层间位移角出现下移的趋势。     

近断层脉冲型地震动的长周期效应

近断层地区是地震破坏最严重的地区,而脉冲型地震动是近断层地震动独有的特征。速度脉冲可能对近断层的长周期结构有巨大的潜在破坏能力。基于这种情况,本文选择了近断层脉冲型地震动的长周期地震动效应作为研究对象,希望给近断层长周期结构的抗震设防带来启示。     

多种表征强震动记录特性的参数对比分析

为研究强震动记录的破坏特性,对多条国内外常用的强震动记录的特性参数进行了对比分析.结果表明,强震动记录特性参数之间的相关件很小;PGA(PGV)和EPA(EPV)大小关系受震级和震中距影响较大;VSI较ASI能够更准确的评价强震动记录的破坏特性;与其它参数相比,强震动记录破坏强度参数(PD)同时考虑了地震加速度、时间和...     

近断层地震动对层间隔震结构动力响应影响分析

近断层地震动有着与常规地震不同的特性,对隔震结构的影响是不可忽略的。对一栋8层钢筋混凝土框架结构输入138条近断层地震记录,计算了隔震层设置在1层、4层、7层时的层间隔震结构动力响应,分析了近断层地震动特征参数与不同层间隔震结构动力响应之间的相关性,比选出与不同层间隔震结构动力响应相关性强,且能表征地震破坏作用的地震动参数,为层间隔震结构设计选用近断层地震动提供参考。     

长周期地震动频谱特征周期研究

长周期地震动的频谱特性是影响长周期结构动力响应的重要因素,目前关于其频谱特征周期参数的研究尚有欠缺.根据长周期地震动的界定方法,选取65条远场长周期地震动和50条近场脉冲型地震动,计算各条地震动的10个频谱特征周期参数,通过分析各周期参数与长周期地震动低频特性指标的相关性和离散性,探讨合适的长周期地震动频谱特征周期表征...     

近断层地震动对电厂主厂房的地震响应影响分析

以某电厂主厂房为研究对象,以远断层地震动、近断层非脉冲地震动和近断层脉冲型地震动三组不同地震动作为输入,对主厂房钢支撑框排架结构开展弹塑性分析。对最大层间位移角、柱的残余位移、基底剪力等指标在不同地震强度下进行了统计对比。研究发现,在设防地震作用下,三类地震动引起结构响应差异不明显;在罕遇地震作用下,近断层脉冲型地震动引起的结构响应与远断层和近断层非脉冲地震动引起的结构响应差异显著。研究工作对电力厂房在近断层脉冲型地震动下的响应进行分析研究,通过对比说明考虑近断层脉冲型地震动对于电力厂房结构抗震分析的重要性。     

近断层区域减隔震铁路桥梁地震动强度指标选取研究

为选取适用于近断层区域减隔震铁路桥梁的地震动强度指标,完善近断层区域减隔震桥梁基于性能抗震设计方法,从NGA-West2数据库中选取了236条近断层脉冲地震记录作为输入地震激励,采用单自由度Bouc-Wen非线性模型模拟减隔震桥梁力学特性,应用MATLAB编制计算程序,对强度折减系数R=1~8,初始周期在0.5~3 s范围内的Bouc-Wen单自由度模型进行了非线性时程分析。然后选用位移响应峰值结果作为地震工程需求参数,基于相关性、可行性、有效性三项评判准则评价了25个地震动强度指标的合理性。研究结果表明:近断层区域,短周期(0.5~1 s)减隔震桥梁选用有效峰值速度EPV进行抗震分析和评估较为合理;中等周期(1~2 s)减隔震桥梁宜选用Fajfar指标IF;有效峰值位移EPD可作为长周期(2~3 s)减隔震桥梁抗震分析和评估推荐指标;在全部周期(0.5~3 s)范围内,峰值速度PGV均适用。     

近断层地震动作用下隔震结构的优化设计

首先讨论了近断层脉冲型地震动的特点,并以台湾集集地震实际脉冲型近震记录为地震动输入,应用含潜在约束策略的序列二次规划算法,对安装铅芯橡胶隔震支座的钢筋混凝土框架隔震结构的隔震器参数和上部结构构件截面几何尺寸进行一体化优化设计,然后输入E l Centro(1940)、Taft(1952)地震波对优化后的隔震结构进行地震反应分析。计算结果表明,对考虑脉冲型近断层地震动作用的隔震结构进行参数优化设计后,该隔震结构能同时满足脉冲型和普通非脉冲型近震作用的结构设计需求。     

近场地震下竖向刚度不同的混合结构动力性能分析

近场地震的动力特性明显不同于远场地震,因此有必要对结构在近场地震作用下的动力性能展开研究。以上部钢结构-下部混凝土结构这类竖向刚度不同的加层混合结构为研究对象,对其在近场脉冲型地震、近场无脉冲型地震及远场地震作用下的动力响应进行研究。结果表明:在多遇、设防、罕遇地震作用下,近场脉冲型地震会使结构的层间位移角、层间剪力、加速度等动力响应均放大并出现超限的情况,而且都比罕遇地震作用下结构的响应增大更明显;在进行近场区加层混合框架结构的设计和建设时,近场脉冲效应会使结构存在不满足规范的情况,有必要对竖向刚度不同的加层混合结构在近场区的适用性进行深入研究。     

Response of buildings to near-field pulse-like ground motions

Ground motions affected by directivity focusing at near-field stations contain distinct pulses in acceleration, velocity, and displacement histories. For the same Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) and duration of shaking, ground motions with directivity pulses can generate much higher base shears, inter-storey drifts, and roof displacements in high-rise buildings as compared to the 1940 El Centro ground motion which does not contain these pulses. Also, the ductility demand can be much higher and the effectiveness of supplemental damping lower for pulse-like ground motions. This paper presents a simple interpretation of the response characteristics of three recorded and one synthetic near-field ground motions. It is seen that for pulse-like ground motions—similar to any other ground motion—the Peak values of Ground Acceleration, Velocity, and Displacement (PGA, PGV and PGD) are the key response parameters. Near-field ground motions with directivity effects tend to have high PGV/PGA ratio, which dramatically influences their response characteristics. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

脉冲型地震动作用下隔震结构动力响应的影响参数研究

通过对隔震结构进行非线性动力响应分析,分别研究地震动参数和支座参数对结构地震响应的影响。首先,建立铅芯橡胶支座基础隔震结构的非线性运动方程;然后,以人工合成脉冲型地震动作为输入,运用MATLAB进行编程并求解结构在脉冲型地震动作用下的地震响应;最后,分别研究速度脉冲周期、支座屈服力、屈服后与屈服前的刚度比对隔震支座最大位移和上部结构层间位移的影响。研究结果表明,脉冲周期对结构地震响应影响很大,在进行隔震设计时应使结构自振周期远离脉冲周期;支座刚度比对结构地震响应影响较大,在进行支座选型时应重点关注;支座屈服力对支座位移的影响显著,屈服力越大,支座位移越小。     

On selection and scaling of ground motions for analysis of seismically isolated structures

A broader consensus on the number of ground motions to be used and the method of scaling to be adopted for nonlinear response history analysis (RHA) of structures is yet to be reached. Therefore, in this study, the effects of selection and scaling of ground motions on the response of seismically isolated structures, which are routinely designed using nonlinear RHA, are investigated. For this purpose, isolation systems with a range of properties subjected to bidirectional excitation are considered. Benchmark response of the isolation systems is established using large sets of unscaled ground motions systematically categorized into pulse-like, non-pulse-like, and mixed set of motions. Different subsets of seven to 14 ground motions are selected from these large sets using (a) random selection and (b) selection based on the best match of the shape of the response spectrum of ground motions to the target spectrum. Consequences of weighted scaling (also commonly referred to as amplitude scaling or linear scaling) as well as spectral matching are investigated. The ground motion selection and scaling procedures are evaluated from the viewpoint of their accuracy, efficiency, and consistency in predicting the benchmark response. It is confirmed that seven time histories are sufficient for a reliable prediction of isolation system displacement demands, for all ground motion subsets, selection and scaling procedures, and isolation systems considered. If ground motions are selected based on their best match to the shape of the target response spectrum (which should be preferred over randomly selected motions), weighted scaling should be used if pulse-like motions are considered, either of weighted scaling or spectral matching can be used if non-pulse-like motions are considered, and an average of responses from weighted-scaled and spectrum-matched ground motions should be used for a mixed set of motions. On the other hand, the importance of randomly selected motions in representing inherent variability of response is recognized and it is found that weighted scaling is more appropriate for such motions.     

Relative energy zero ratio-based approach for identifying pulse-like ground motions

Pulse-like ground motions are capable of inflicting significant damage to structures. Efficient classification of pulse-like ground motion is of great importance when performing the seismic assessment in near-fault regions. In this study, a new method for identifying the velocity pulses is proposed, based on different trends of two parameters: the short-time energy and the short-time zero crossing rate of a ground motion record. A new pulse indicator, the relative energy zero ratio(REZR), is defined to qualitatively identify pulse-like features. The threshold for pulse-like ground motions is derived and compared with two other identification methods through statistical analysis. The proposed procedure not only shows good accuracy and efficiency when identifying pulse-like ground motions but also exhibits good performance for classifying records with high-frequency noise and discontinuous pulses. The REZR method does not require a waveform formula to express and fit the potential velocity pulses; it is a purely signal-based classification method. Finally, the proposed procedure is used to evaluate the contribution of pulse-like motions to the total input energy of a seismic record, which dramatically increases the seismic damage potential.     

Deterministic and probabilistic representation of near-field pulse-like ground motion

The response and damage assessment of engineering structures under near-field ground motions is currently of great interest. Near-field ground motion with directivity focusing or fling effects produces pulse-like ground motion that has characteristics different from those of ordinary records. This paper develops simple deterministic and probabilistic models for near-field pulse-like ground motions. These models belong to the class of engineering models that aim to replicate some of the gross features observed in near-field records. The ground velocity is expressed as a steady-state function or a stationary random process modulated by an envelope function. Both models account for the non-stationarity and the multiple pulses in the ground velocity. While the deterministic model is similar to some of the models developed earlier, the probabilistic model facilitates handling uncertainties in the ground motion and variability in the structure's properties. For instance, this model combined with structural reliability methods can be used for reliability assessment of structures under near-field random ground motion. The reduction of the structural response by adding supplemental dampers is also investigated.