地质统计学储量估算中块尺寸的合理选择

在矿产勘查、矿山设计、生产及管理等各阶段都需要进行资源储量估算的工作。地质统计学方法相对于传统储量估算方法具有明显优势,在资源储量估算中获得了广泛的应用。估值过程中单元块尺寸的合理选择对储量估算结果至关重要,然而,在以往实践中块尺寸通常根据经验或主观判断进行选择,缺乏科学依据。本文在总结前人工作及地质统计学资源储量估算经验的基础上,将块尺寸的选取问题明确地划分为勘探阶段和生产阶段。针对不同阶段的特点,重点讨论了块尺寸与品位、储量、估计精度、选别开采单元的关系,为块尺寸的合理选择提供参考。并以某特大型钼矿为工程背景,进行了深度解析及数据实验,得出了块尺寸不仅影响资源品位分布、矿石量而且影响开采技术经济指标的结论,综合考虑估计精度和选别开采单元,推荐该矿床选择15m×15m×15m的单元块尺寸进行储量估算。     

现代海底块状硫化物矿床储量估算方法探讨

海底块状硫化物矿床具有巨大的经济价值和良好的开发前景。但是由于勘探难度和技术手段的限制,在全球已经发现的600多个海底热液喷口和硫化物矿床中,不到5%的矿床进行了详细的勘探,进行资源量计算的矿床更是屈指可数。选择适当的方法估算储量对于深海资源开发意义重大。本文系统总结了前人估算海底硫化物储量的方法,并以勘探程度相对较高、数据资料相对丰富的Atlantis-II-Deep矿床和Solwara 1矿床为例,评析了前人采用不同储量计算方法得到的结果和各种方法计算的准确性;针对有一定钻孔数据的TAG硫化物堆丘,采用距离反比法重新计算了储量,并和块段法估算的结果进行对比。得到以下结论:(1)海底硫化物矿体形态是制约储量估算方法适用性的一个重要因素;(2)传统几何法可以在极低勘探条件下估算海底硫化物储量量级;(3)对于海底硫化物储量估算,地质统计学的精度高于传统几何法;(4)较高勘探条件下距离反比法可以与地质统计学相互对照、验证;(5)在一定钻孔数量的条件下,可以应用距离反比法进行海底硫化物储量估算。     

基于探矿者软件(Minexplorer)的三维地质建模及储量估算——以湘西北李梅铅锌矿为例

在全面收集地质资料的基础上,利用探矿者软件建立了湘西北李梅铅锌矿区的综合地质数据库,利用三维钻孔数据建立了研究区的三维矿床模型,并以矿体模型和地层模型为例,介绍了矿区三维地质建模的一般流程。在矿体模型的基础上,利用地质块段法、地质截面法、地质统计学方法进行了储量估算,并与矿山勘探报告中的储量估算结果进行了对比。研究结果表明,利用探矿者软件进行三维建模和储量估算,操作简便、可视化效果好,不同方法进行储量估算的结果互相印证,真实可靠。     

湖南思通溪锑矿三维地质建模及资源量估算

在大量收集矿区钻孔、探槽等地质数据的基础上,利用探矿者（Minexplorer）软件建立了湖南沅陵县思通溪矿区的矿体三维模型,采用地质块段法、地质截面法和地质统计学方法分别进行储量估算。结果显示,利用探矿者软件进行储量估算可视化效果好,便于操作,计算结果真实可靠     

基于三维克立格方法的可视化储量估算

金属矿体在地下空间的变化性非常大,难以直接观测,对其精细的三维形态表征和刻画一直是科学计算可视化和空间(地质)统计学的研究热点和难点之一。三维空间的复杂性使得克立格储量估算具有极大的不确定性和经验性,利用三维可视化能够直观地反映变异性分析及储量估算结果,提高估算准确性与合理性。针对各向异性套合与储量估算,提出基于三维克立格方法的可视化储量估算：首先利用三维CAD技术构建算法底层对象;然后采用可视化方式改进变异性分析,并提出基于Hamilton四元数法的各向异性套合改进算法;最后采用克立格法估计储量,并依据可视化结果对某些误差较大的决策方案进行修改,提高克立格计算的准确性和客观性。使用克立格可视化储量估算方法对新疆阿舍勒铜矿床和西藏甲玛铜矿床进行储量估算实验。实验结果表明,变异性计算结果符合实际勘探情况,储量估算误差为5%～10%,储量估算结果可信,克立格可视化储量估算方法有效。     

基于三维克立格方法的可视化储量估算

金属矿体在地下空间的变化性非常大,难以直接观测,对其精细的三维形态表征和刻画一直是科学计算可视化和空间(地质)统计学的研究热点和难点之一。三维空间的复杂性使得克立格储量估算具有极大的不确定性和经验性,利用三维可视化能够直观地反映变异性分析及储量估算结果,提高估算准确性与合理性。针对各向异性套合与储量估算,提出基于三维克立格方法的可视化储量估算：首先利用三维CAD技术构建算法底层对象;然后采用可视化方式改进变异性分析,并提出基于Hamilton四元数法的各向异性套合改进算法;最后采用克立格法估计储量,并依据可视化结果对某些误差较大的决策方案进行修改,提高克立格计算的准确性和客观性。使用克立格可视化储量估算方法对新疆阿舍勒铜矿床和西藏甲玛铜矿床进行储量估算实验。实验结果表明,变异性计算结果符合实际勘探情况,储量估算误差为5%～10%,储量估算结果可信,克立格可视化储量估算方法有效。     

长江中下游地区玢岩型铁矿床资源储量估算研究

玢岩型铁矿床是长江中下游的一种典型矿床类型,矿床空间特征复杂,矿体形态多样,规模大小不一,对资源储量估算工作带来一定的难度.本文对长江中下游玢岩型铁矿床进行了资源储量估算研究,实现先进的三维矿业软件Surpac和传统地质研究方法的结合,在收集整理矿床地质综合资料的基础上,建立了矿体三维模型、脉岩三维模型、夹石三维模型等...     

基于勘探工程位置建模方法和储量估算

三维地质模型的精细描述是相关三维成矿预测和储量估算的前提和保证,更有利于发挥计算机三维可视化技术和地质统计学等在工程建设领域的作用。以河南省某铝土矿床为例,针对三维地质建模过程中存在的难点问题,在传统建模方法基础上提出了一种基于勘探工程实际空间位置建模方法,在野外勘探工程密度较小的情况下也能准确圈定矿体。首先以地质勘查资料为基础,对建模的过程进行了阐述,构建了三维矿体模型、三维地层模型,然后采用普通克里格法和距离幂次反比法估算了资源储量,并对矿体的品位分布和储量类别进行了表达,最后使用3种不同的验证方法进行了精度检验。实现了资源量类别、资源量品位区间、资源量估算动态可视化管理。通过对该矿区的矿体建模和资源量计算,验证了方法的有效性,对于同类型矿床有一定的借鉴意义。     

综合应用多种估算方法于资源储量估算——以内蒙古某冶金熔剂用石英岩矿为例

本文以等高线法、水平投影地质块段法、平行断面法以及水平投影地质块段法配合水平断面法在矿山资源储量估算中的应用实例为背景，对多种储量估算方法在矿山资源储量估算中的综合应用进行研究。经实际应用发现，多种储量估算方法在矿山资源储量估算中的综合应用不但具有高效、准确的特点外，还可最大限度降低各因素对矿体资源储量的影响，使资源储量估算更为准确。     

基于SD法估算东安金矿床5号矿体资源储量

资源储量估算是矿产地质勘查工作中的一项重要任务,是估算矿床经济价值和矿山设计的基本依据。SD资源储量估算和审定方法（SD法）,诞生于20世纪80年代,它是一种以SD动态分维几何学为理论,以最佳结构地质变量为基础的资源储量估算方法,适于不同矿种及矿产勘查开采各个阶段,它应用SD精度法,成功量化矿产资源储量的地质可靠程度,...     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861