船载ADCP资料处理

通过对大量走航ADCP观测资料的分析,提出一整套的ADCP资料质量控制和预处理方法,并对提出的ADCP"基准流速控制"的处理方法与传统的"选取参考层法"进行了比较,证明此方法不但可有效提高ADCP资料的处理精度,并可提高资料的处理效率,减少人为的干预因素。     

ADCP资料处理中的船速计算

船载ADCP具有走航测流的特点,弥补了传统测流仪器只有停船才能观测的不足。它可以同时观测多层海流数据,获取连续性资料。ADCP测得流速是海水相对于船体的速度,在正常观测条件下,船速远大于海水流速,因而船速计算是ADCP资料处理的关键。本文对不同的船速计算方法进行了比较,对使用参考层法计算船速的原理、特点和效果进行了论述。     

ADCP的观测及资料处理技术

本文以RD-VM型ADCP为例,结合中美海气相互作用合作项目中的使用情况,介绍了ADCP的基本原理、特性,观测实施及资料处理,并指出了该仪器在使用中存在的问题。     

海冰卫星遥感资料微机处理系统的改进与应用

本文利用我台１９９１年引进的“极轨气象卫星数字信号实时采集和处理的微机系统”，根据海冰预报业务工作的需要对卫星遥感资料微机处理系统进行了开发和改进。为实现渤海及黄海北部海冰冰情实况速报业务及海冰数值预报提供了重要的基础资料     

A shipborne wave-recording system with digital data processing

A shipborne wave-recording system which consists of a sonic wave gauge, accelerometers, gyroscopes and a computer system is described. Signals from the measuring apparatus are fed directly into a shipborne digital computer system at a prescribed sampling rate. The time series of wave heights and the acceleration are transformed into Fourier series using an algorithm of Fast Fourier Transform. Errors contained in the observed wave heights due to ship motion are corrected in the Fourier series by using the Fourier coefficients for the vertical acceleration. Power spectra and waveforms can also be calculated in a short time with this system from Fourier coefficients. Examples of the observational results obtained in the central part of the East China Sea in 1969 are presented.     

Combined satellite altimetry and shipborne gravimetry data processing

The recovery of quantities related to the gravity field (i.e., geoid heights and gravity anomalies) is carried out in a test area of the central Mediterranean Sea using 5' × 5' marine gravity data and satellite altimeter data from the Geodetic Mission (GM) of ERS‐J. The optimal combination of the two heterogeneous data sources is performed using (1) the space‐domain least‐squares collocation (LSC) method, and (2) the frequency‐domain input‐output system theory (IOST). The results derived by these methods agree at the level of 2 cm in terms of standard deviation in the case of the geoid height prediction. The gravity anomaly prediction results by the same methods vary between 2.18 and 2.54 mGal in terms of standard deviation. In all cases, the spectral techniques have a much higher computational efficiency than the collocation procedure. In order to investigate the importance of satellite altimetry for gravity field modeling, a pure gravimetric geoid solution, carried out in a previous study for our lest area by the fast collocation approach (FCOL), is used in comparison with the combined geoid models. The combined solutions give more accurate results, at the level of about 15 cm in terms of standard deviation, than the gravimetric geoid solution, when the geoid heights derived by each method are compared with TOPEX altimeter sea surface heights (SSHs). Moreover, nonisotropic power spectral density functions (PSDs) can be easily used by IOST, while LSC requires isotropic covariance functions. The results show that higher prediction accuracies are always obtained when using a priori nonisotropic information instead of isotropic information.     

走航ADCP数据处理与质量控制方法研究

介绍了声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)测流的基本原理和利用ADCP自带软件进行原始数据处理过程中需要设置的关键参数;着重论述了ADCP数据标准化处理和质量控制方法的研究,并利用实测数据对研究方法进行了验证。结果表明,本文研究的方法针对ADCP底跟踪观测数据处理效果良好,并可为GPS跟踪模式下的ADCP数据处理和质量控制提供可行的技术参考。     

深海潜标ADCP 的实时数据传输

深海潜标观测是深海观测获取长周期海洋科学数据的重要调查手段,由于深海海域环境非常复杂,潜标易丢失或终止正常工作,造成重大损失.本研究基于铱星卫星数据通信模块,开发与深水潜标上安装的RDt 75k ADCP相匹配的数据解析压缩软硬件,建立一套远程实时获取潜标ADCP数据的传输系统,实现对深海潜标ADCP的实时监测.     

CODAS系统在厦门湾走航ADCP观测资料质量控制中的应用

CODAS系统搭配相应质量控制参数,用以识别ADCP在复杂测流环境下测得的可疑或错误流速单元和剖面.通过水跟踪和底跟踪,CODAS系统可有效获取仪器自带数据处理软件vmdas、winriver无法修正的系统误差.本研究采用该系统对厦门湾走航ADCP测量数据做后续质量控制,所得相应系统误差如下：旋转角度偏差ΔФ=3.2°,幅值修正因子β=0.98.此外,以底跟踪测得流速为准确值,参考GPS数据经过系统误差订正后,流速精度显著提高,平均误差订正前后分别为28.9cm/s和11.6 cm/s.最后,结合现场数据采集工作与数据质量控制过程,总结数据质量问题一般特征并提出改进建议.     

ADCP application for long-term monitoring of coastal water

Three kind of application of ADCP is reported for long-term monitoring in coastal sea. (1)The routine monitoring of water qualities. The water quality and ADCP echo data (600 kHz) observed in the long-term are analgzed at MT (Marine Tower) Station of Kansai International Airport in the Osaka Bay, Japan. The correlation between the turbidity and echo intensity in the surface layer is not good because air bubbles generated by breaking wave are not detected by the turbidity meter, but detected well by ADCP. When estimating the turbidity consists ofplankrton population from echo intensity, the effect of bubbles have to be eliminated. (2) Monitoring stirring up of bottom sediment. The special observation was carried out by using following two ADCP in the Osaka Bay, One ADCP was installed upward on the sea. The other ADCP was hanged downward at the gate type stand about 3 m above from the bottom. At the spring tide, high echo intensities indicating the stirring up of bottom sediment were observed. (3) The monitoring for the boundary condition of water mixing at an estuary. In summer season, the ADCP was set at the mouth of Tanabe Bay in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. During the observation, water temperature near the bottom showed remarkable falls with interval of about 5～7d. When the bottom temperature fell, the inflow current with low echo intensity water appears at the bottom layer in the ADCP record. It is concluded that when occasional weak northeast wind makes weak coastal upwelling at the mouth of the bay, the combination ofupwelling with internal tidal flow causes remarkable water exchange and dispels the red tide.     

对建立海洋基础数据管理系统设计方案的探讨

论述了从浩瀚的资料中快速提取信息而建立海洋基础数据管理系统的必要性,并根据地理信息系统(GlS)技术及空间数据仓库技术提出了建立海洋基础数据管理系统的基本思路。     

GPS数据采集技术及其在海洋调查中的应用

本文应用VB6．0开发了智能化的GPS数据采集软件．对该软件的功能进行了简单的介绍，同时对一些关键技术作了较详细的描述。利用该软件、GPS接收机及PC机的组合，可对走航式测量仪器(或移动设备)进行实时定位并保存定位记录，且大大减少一些不必要的数据，使得软件更为实用。     

船载海洋生态在线监测技术研究与应用进展

船载海洋生态在线监测系统是海洋生态在线监测的一种重要手段。本文介绍了船载在线监测系统的组成和功能,系统全面地论述了国内外船载在线监测系统的研究和应用现状,重点论述了典型应用案例欧洲FerryBox系统的发展历程、监测方式、成果应用以及运行管理体系等,为中国船载海洋生态在线监测技术的研究和应用提供建设性意见。     

Optical characteristics of the Kara Sea derived from shipborne and satellite data

Results of optical studies of the Kara Sea waters are considered. The data of ship borne measurements are compared with satellite observations. The maximum values of the beam attenuation coefficient, the chlorophyll, and the yellow substance fluorescence were observed in the Ob gulf and in the coastal waters west of the Yamal Peninsula. The minimum values were observed in the central and western parts of the Kara Sea. Frontal zones with sharp changes of the parameters involved were observed. The distribution of the seawater’s optical characteristics was closely related to the hydrological structure of the Kara Sea’s waters. The data of the shipborne measurements were consistent with the satellite observations.