中国经济地理学研究进展（英文）

Economic geography in China's mainland has developed in a different way from that in many other countries. On the one hand, it has been increasingly active in participating in academic dialogues and knowledge development led by Anglophone countries; on the other hand, it takes practice-based and policy-oriented research, i.e. satisfying the demands from the Chinese government and society, as the linchpin of research. Since there has been a lot of literature reviewing the development of economic geography in the country before the new millennium, this paper will make a comprehensive analysis of the discipline in 2000–2015, based on a bibliometric survey and research projects done by Chinese economic geographers. The analysis indicates that(1) economic geography research in China's mainland is unevenly distributed but concentrated in several leading institutions;(2) traditional research fields like human-nature system, regional disparity, industrial location and transportation geography remain dominant while new topics such as globalization, multinational corporations and foreign direct investments, information and communication technology, producer services, climate change and carbon emission emerge as important research areas;(3) Chinese economic geography is featured by policy-oriented research funded by government agencies, having considerable impacts on regional policy making in China, both national and regional. To conclude, the paper argues that the development of economic geography in China's mainland needs to follow a dual track in the future, i.e. producing knowledge for the international academic community and undertaking policy-oriented research to enhance its role as a major consulting body for national, regional and local development.     

中国旅游地理学研究进展与展望

旅游地理学是处于自然地理学、经济地理学和人文地理学之间的综合性分支地理学科。中国旅游地理学在20世纪80年代的地理学大发展中应运而生,经过30年的发展壮大,旅游地理学逐渐成为中国地理学中发展最快,成果最丰,思想活跃的分支学科之一。近年来,旅游地理学一方面从研究规范的讨论到问题意识的强调,学科的自觉性不断增强,在社区旅游、事件旅游、遗产旅游、城市旅游和旅游流与空间结构等研究领域形成了一系列卓有特色的研究成果,学科涉及领域趋于多元化,研究方法不断创新,学科队伍不断壮大,学科平台不断扩大,国际交流日益频繁,中国旅游地理学研究逐渐与国际接轨。另一方面,旅游地理学者广泛参与到省域及重点区域的旅游产业发展规划实践和世界遗产保护中,并致力于中国旅游标准化和旅游产业国际化的实践。旅游地理学为区域经济发展做出了突出的贡献。展望未来,中国旅游地理学一方面将继续发挥理论结合实际的学科传统优势,不断壮大旅游地理学的学科力量;另一方面需不断加强学科理论体系的构建,进一步提升旅游地理学研究的理论深度和国际化水平。     

中国人文与经济地理学研究回顾与展望（英文）

The "High-Level Forum of the Development of China's Human Geography Under the Background of Change" was held in Beijing on January 22-23, 2016. More than 30 professors attended this forum. At this conference, they discussed the major progress made towards developing China's human geography, as well as the existing problems, limiting factors, opportunities, international collaborations, emerging directions, and prospects in the development of this discipline. In recent years human geography has boomed, generating many important opportunities for its development. Establishing an academic community for joint research on major research issues and collaborative innovation is a promising and important route to take. We should embrace both domestic and international characteristics, to promote China's human geography onto the world stage. Meanwhile, the cultivation of various scholarly talents is also of great value to enrich and advance the discipline.     

中国自然地理学综合研究的回顾与展望（英文）

Modern physical geography in China grew from Chinese traditional geography and has been profoundly influenced by the geographical disciplines of Euro-America and Russia. Since the 1950 s, integrated studies of physical geography in China have made remarkable progress in the fields of comprehensive physical geographical regionalization, land studies, landscape ecology, and land surface geographical processes. During the past few decades, under the background of global change and rapid socio-economic transformation, a series of environmental and resources problems have boomed in China. To solve these problems and promote the development of integrated studies of physical geography, the following issues were proposed as research priorities:(1) coupling of land surface patterns and processes;(2) integrated research on regional responses and adaptation to global change;(3) analysis of human dimensions of the earth system;(4) ecosystem service research from a geographical perspective;(5) integration of multi-source data and model development;(6) integrated studies on unique geographical units; and(7) important global issues and relevant international programs.     

耕地撂荒研究进展与展望（英文）

Since the 1950 s, noteworthy farmland abandonment has been occurring in many developed countries and some developing countries. This global land use phenomenon has fundamentally altered extensive rural landscapes. A review of global farmland abandonment under the headings of "land use change – driving mechanisms – impacts and consequences – policy responses" found the following:(1) Farmland abandonment has occurred primarily in developed countries in Europe and North America, but the extent of abandonment has varied significantly.(2) Changing socio-economic factors were the primary driving forces for the farmland abandonment. And land marginalization was the fundamental cause, which was due to the drastic increase of farming opportunity cost, while the direct factor for abandonment was the shrink of agricultural labor forces.(3) Whether to abandon, to what extent and its spatial distributions were finally dependent on integrated effect from the physical conditions, laborer attributes, farming and regional socio-economic conditions at the village, household and parcel scales. With the exception of Eastern Europe, farmland abandonment was more likely to occur in mountainous and hilly areas, due to their unfavorable farming conditions.(4) A study of farmland abandonment should focus on its ecological and environmental effects, while which is more positive or more negative are still in dispute.(5) Increasing agricultural subsidies will be conductive to slowing the rate of farmland abandonment, but this is not the only measure that needs to be implemented. Due to China's rapid urbanization, there is a high probability that the rate of abandonment will increase in the near future. However, very little research has focused on this rapid land-use trend in China, and, as a result, there is an inadequate understanding of the dynamic mechanisms and consequences of this phenomenon. This paper concludes by suggesting some future directions for further research in China. These directions include monitoring regional and national abandonment dynamics, analyzing trends, assessing the risks and socio-economic effects of farmland abandonment, and informing policy making.     

中国城市地理学研究进展与展望

城市地理学是研究在不同地理环境下,城市形成发展、组合分布和空间结构变化规律的科学,既是人文地理学的重要分支,又是城市科学群的重要组成部分。中国城市化的加速发展为中国城市地理学乃至世界城市地理学的发展提供了直接的营养。回顾过去几年中国城市地理学的发展,归纳起来呈现如下几方面的特点：中国城市地理学研究与国家经济建设的热点总体同步;在城市化、城市群／圈等领域积极参与国家战略和城市建设实践;强调定量和计量手段的科学研究悄然成为潮流;积极开辟和强化中国城市地理学研究的新基地、新力量;以更开放、更创新的视野,积极开创前沿性、战略性的新研究领域;推出年青人等计划初现成效。与国外相比,中国城市地理学在城市化和城市体系研究方面已形成自己的独特理论,并具有高度的实践性,中国城市地理学更好地实现了从知识生产到知识应用、反馈、知识再生产的良性循环。展望城市地理学的学科发展趋势,中国城市地理学在城市化加速的今天,认识城市、改造城市的道路仍任重而道远。为此我们一方面需要面向城市化背景,进行中国城市地理学理论和实践的战略思考,缩短中国城市地理学与主流的城市地理学的距离,通过大人文与大科学交融进行城市地理学方法论的建立和完善、国际视野和地方行动;另一方面需要面向国家“十二五”等近期发展目标和重点,积极的设计和执行中国城市地理学近期行动计划。     

中国植物地理学研究进展与展望

中国植物地理学从20世纪20年代初创到当前繁荣经历了100年的发展,近30年来测序技术和生物信息技术的进步,促进了分类、进化和生态等学科交叉融合,中国植物地理学在诸多方面取得了突破性进展,主要包括：① 植物类群和区系在中国整体上按纬度、经度和海拔呈现出规律性;物种丰富度、系统发生多样性和特有性热点集中分布在南部山地,少数分布在北方山地和干旱地区。② 关于大尺度植物多样性格局及形成机制,多数热带起源科的物种多样性格局受冬季低温的限制,而多数温带起源科的物种多样性格局由末次冰期以来的气候变化主导;中国山地植物和群落具有显著的垂直地带性和空间分布异质性,热量因子是中国高山植物区系地理分异的首要气候因子。③ 中国大多数现生被子植物属（约66%）是在中新世及其以后分化;500 mm年等降水线是中国植物区系年龄和植被分区最重要的分界线;中国植物区系、区系中的特征或关键类群的起源和多样化与青藏高原抬升和亚洲季风加强密切相关。未来,时间和空间的结合仍是植物地理学研究的主旋律,类群、群落和区系分化时间的估算及物种分布数据的分辨率是研究者关注的焦点,植物大数据的持续积累和完善将为学科发展提供强大动力和广阔前景。     

中国经济地理学研究进展与展望

经济地理学是地理学最重要的分支学科之一,在社会实践中发挥着重要作用。长期以来,中国经济地理学的发展可以用“以任务带学科”来概括,形成了具有中国特色的“实践派”经济地理学。近年来,中国经济地理学发展的突出特点表现为：规划导向、综合导向、“区域主义”、基于GIS的空间分析和可视化表达愈来愈普遍、国际化趋势明显。在研究方向上,除了传统优势领域得到强化外,出现了若干新的研究方向,包括功能区划分、能源与碳排放、全球化与外资外贸、生产性服务业、信息技术与互联网,以及农区地理与农户区位研究等。在人地系统与区域可持续发展,区域发展新因素与新格局,产业集群与产业集聚,全球化、跨国公司及外资,交通运输地理与空间组织,资源型城市及老工业城市转型,应对气候变化与低碳经济,海洋经济地理,地域空间规划方法等领域取得了较为显著的进展。在国家重大地域空间规划中发挥了重要的技术支撑作用,包括主体功能区划、东北振兴规划、西部大开发战略实施、中部崛起规划、资源枯竭型城市规划、生态区域建设规划,以及长江三角洲地区、京津冀地区、成渝地区等重点区域规划。未来经济地理学的发展既拥有机遇、也面临着挑战。在满足国家重大需求的同时,需要更加重视理论总结和人才培养。     

中国旅游地理学的回顾与展望

旅游地理学是研究人类旅行游览、休憩疗养、康乐消遣同地理环境和社会经济发展相互关系的一门科学。在中国古代文献中,朴素的旅游地理记述见诸于诗歌、散文、游记和专著之中。     

中国港口地理学研究进展与展望

基于CiteSpace文献计量工具对中国港口地理学的研究机构、研究团队、研究热点及研究阶段进行分析,总结中国港口地理研究的总体特征。研究发现：中国港口地理学实现快速发展,研究方法和研究内容日趋多元化,航运企业与航运网络、绿色低碳港口等新视角开始发轫,逐渐成为港口地理学的重要研究方向;但中国港口地理学研究机构之间尚缺乏紧密的合作关系。最后,围绕港口地理学的学科发展及国家战略需求,从完善港口地理学概念及基本范畴、扩展全球视野创新理论研究、立足微观视角强化机理探究、学科融合的理论与实践探索、面向国家战略强化政策与实践探索5个方面探讨中国港口地理学未来发展趋势。     

中国人文地理学研究进展与展望

本文重点总结了近年来人地关系论、文化地理学、行为地理学、社会地理学和政治地理学等人文地理学的特色分支学科和新兴分支学科的发展现状、研究进展及未来发展展望。通过对国内大量的文献分析和与国外相关研究进展的比较分析后认为,中国人文地理学在理论创新、研究方法、手段革新和实践应用等方面均取得了丰硕的研究成果。表现为：人地关系论作为地理学研究核心的地位得到进一步提升;文化地理研究视野更为开阔,并在转向新文化地理学;行为地理学进入了重要的研究转向与繁荣发展新阶段;政治地理学顺应地缘政治战略需求开始由低迷走向回暖;社会地理学伴随和谐社会建设蓬勃发展。未来中国人文地理学研究的总体趋势是,面向国家战略需求,树立人地和谐的科学发展观,紧跟中国经济社会发展的时代步伐,在力所能及地解决国家发展中若干新问题的同时,重点深化人地关系理论及研究方法,加强人地系统调控机理与过程、格局与节律及其示范应用的研究,加强人地系统演进过程中的全球问题、全球变化及其区域响应的研究;顺应国家文化产业大发展和建设文化强国的战略要求,加强文化地理研究与国家文化产业振兴的融合研究,建设中国“本土化”的文化地理学学科体系;进一步拓展行为地理学研究广度与深度,加强实验性研究;关注新地缘政治学、都市政治地理和地方政治地理的研究,依托“六普”数据推动社会地理学研究实现新的跨越。通过上述研究,进一步推动中国人文地理学健康持续稳定发展。     

农业干旱监测研究进展与展望（英文）

In this paper, we compared the concept of agricultural drought and its relationship with other types of droughts and reviewed the progress of research on agricultural drought monitoring indices on the basis of station data and remote sensing. Applicability and limitations of different drought monitoring indices were also compared. Meanwhile, development history and the latest progress in agricultural drought monitoring were evaluated through statistics and document comparison, suggesting a transformation in agricultural drought monitoring from traditional single meteorological monitoring indices to meteorology and remote sensing-integrated monitoring indices. Finally, an analysis of current challenges in agricultural drought monitoring revealed future research prospects for agricultural drought monitoring, such as investigating the mechanism underlying agricultural drought, identifying factors that influence agricultural drought, developing multi-spatiotemporal scales models for agricultural drought monitoring, coupling qualitative and quantitative agricultural drought evaluation models, and improving the application levels of remote sensing data in agricultural drought monitoring.     

中国交通运输地理学的研究进展与展望

交通运输地理学是人文地理学的重要分支学科,有必要考察其研究进展和发展趋向。在界定评述体系的基础上,本文从学科理论构筑、区域综合交通与区划、部门交通、城市交通、空间效应等角度,回顾了我国交通运输地理学的发展历史和研究过程以及最新进展,梳理出该学科自20世纪20年代以来的发展和研究的宏观脉络,并对其进行简单总结和评述。同时参考相关权威杂志,简单介绍了国际交通运输地理学的最新研究动态和热点。然后根据我国的研究进展和特殊社会经济环境,结合国际最新研究动态,探讨未来我国交通运输地理学的研究趋向和发展态势。     

中国历史人文地理学研究进展与展望

回顾过去5年国内历史人文地理学科领域所产生的主要科研成果,说明历史疆域政区、移民史和人口史、城镇和乡村聚落、历史经济地理、历史文化地理、区域历史地理、生态环境史和灾害史以及历史地理信息系统等分支方向,是构成推动国内历史人文地理研究进展的主要动力来源。历史人文地理学科未来的发展方向主要当是在地理学和历史学的共同关照下,进行具有中国特色的学术创造性研究。     

中国可持续发展研究进展（英文）

Sustainable development has always been a hotspot in Chinese geographical research. Herein, we conduct a systematic statistical analysis of the contribution of Chinese geographers to sustainable development research using bibliometric methods. Based on the review of a vast amount of literature, we identify the main research teams, research funding sources, journals, and key research fields. The findings are as follows:(1) the resources and environmental institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have a significant influence on sustainable development research;(2) China's central government foundations(the National Natural Science Foundation of China and National Social Sciences Fund) are the main research funding sources;(3) most of the highly cited articles are published in journals sponsored by the Geographical Society of China; and(4) sustainable development theory and its research areas are being constantly enriched and perfected. Based on the statistics of keywords, the theory, research methods, research regional scales, and key research areas are summarized and expounded.     

中国户外旅游回顾与展望——基于外国学者视角（英文）

本文中我从一个外国学者的视角,透视了中国近30多年来户外旅游的成长与发展。虽然不懂中文,但在过去很多年中我屡次受中国科学院之邀,有幸探访了中国一些优秀的户外旅游目的地,观察到了其在社会、经济和环境方面发生的变化。外国学者的视角总会比中国学者有更大的局限性,但也仍然有可能提供一个有益的参照或者补充。我把中国的户外旅游划分为三个主要的历史阶段。第一个阶段是在20世纪80年代,当时大规模的国内旅游和入境旅游尚未在中国兴起。我在文中提供了一些有关此阶段的历史事件回顾,或许会对当时尚未出生的今日中国大学生们增进对此阶段的了解有所帮助。第二个阶段中国逐步开放国际入境旅游,并被全球旅游者列入最受青睐的旅游目的地。第三个阶段由两部分组成:一是中国国内旅游的巨大增长,但在很大程度上与国际旅游业存在文化与经济上的隔离;二是中国出境旅游的同步快速增长,并与国际旅游业产生了密切关联。中国目前不仅拥有非常巨大的国内户外旅游市场,而且具有规模虽相对较小但却很重要的国际入境旅游市场。前者包括参观风景名胜区、自然保护区、森林公园、传统文化遗址,自由漂流等中国专业探险活动,远足、爬山等国际上广泛流行的户外山地运动,以及冲浪和风筝冲浪等海滨户外活动。后者包括从北坡登顶珠峰,西藏、云南和四川的漂流,越野及骑行旅游,内河邮轮旅游等。从研究的角度来看,外国研究者遇到的关键问题是:很多中国学者可以阅读英文文献,而且很多国际出版物都有中文译本,但反过来看,却很少有国外学者熟悉汉语,因此也就对中文学术文献知之甚少。所以,从外国学者的角度来讲,与中国同行进行项目合作具有重要意义。关于户外旅游的研究主题,有三个方面对于未来研究可能是很重要的。第一,确保国际文献中创新性的思想、方法得以尽快在中国应用。换句话说,中国应该从国际最新研究成果中获益,同时也应该被纳入国际比较研究中,但后者只有当中国相关研究成果发表在国际化的学术期刊上时才可能实现。第二,既然中国已经成为全球旅游乃至世界经济和人口的重要组成部分,外国研究者也很有必要了解中国的研究发现。现在国外学者已经知道中国户外旅游的发展是受规模、历史和文化影响的,但尚未进一步深入了解这些因素如何影响中国国内旅游市场的快速变化。我们想更多地了解、更好地理解作为世界旅游市场重要部分的中国旅游,举一个很小的例子,中国目前也有冲浪旅游的细分市场,那它与国际冲浪产业契合的地方在哪里呢?第三,随着越来越多的中国户外旅游者走出国门,国际旅游企业提供的产品也许并不能完全满足文化背景不同的中国旅游者的期望,这样国际户外旅游产业就会逐渐受中国旅游者需求的影响而发生一些改变;而当中国海外旅游者返回中国后,或许也会带回一些在国外形成的经验与习惯,从而对中国的户外旅游业产生影响。旅游在此类文化交流和互动中的作用,为当前社会科学研究提供了极具吸引力的机会。我很幸运能够参与中国同行的合作研究,也衷心希望合作研究能继续并扩展到户外旅游之外的其他研究领域。     

中国信息与通信地理学研究进展与展望

信息与通信地理学是人文地理学的重要分支学科.中国的信息与通信地理学研究已经历了问题提出、信息产业和电信专题研究、知识经济时代性课题研究和主题研究4个发展阶段.2000年以来,中国信息与通信地理学进入了相对活跃的主题研究阶段.通过对11种发表人文地理论文的主要地理刊物10年发文检索,对国内信息与通信地理学主题研究阶段成果...     

近十年中国城乡转型与乡村发展研究进展和展望（英文）

Urban-rural transformation and rural development are issues at the forefront of research on the topic of the urban-rural relationship in the field of geography, as well as important practical problems facing China's new urbanization and overall planning of urban and rural development. The Center for Regional Agricultural and Rural Development, part of the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, was established in 2005. The Center has laid solid foundations for integrating research in the areas of agricultural geography and rural development in China over the past decade. The paper aims to review the major achievements in rural geographical research in China during the past decade, analyze innovative developments in relevant theories and methods, and suggest prospects and countermeasures for promoting comprehensive studies of urban-rural transformation and rural geography. The research shows that innovative achievements have been made in rural geography studies of China in the past decade as major national policy development, outputs of result and decision making support; new breakthroughs have been achieved in such major research projects as geographical integrated theory, land remediation projects and technology demonstration projects, new urbanization and urban-rural integration; significant progress has been made in actively expanding the frontiers of rural geography and pushing forward theoretical innovations in land and resource projects; and, with China's development goals of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and achieving modernization in mind, future innovative developments in agricultural and rural geography should aim to make research more strategic, systematic, scientific and security-oriented, with attention given to promoting systematic scientific research on international cooperation and global rural geography.     

20世纪80年代以来中国经济地理学的微观研究进展（英文）

Micro-perspective studies on economic geography in China can be classified into geography of the enterprise, geography of the rural household, and small-scale studies on economic activities. Literature on geography of the enterprise includes spatial expansion of the enterprise, industrial location, firm's networks, industrial relocation, industrial clusters, and the relationship between industrial organizations and the environment. Studies on geography of the rural household(GRH) include the theoretical framework of GRH, the locations of rural economic activities, and the interrelation between rural households and geographical environment. Small-scale studies focus on human-land interaction from a land plot perspective, relations between specialized villages and the environment, and regional sustainable development research at site-specific scale. Micro-perspective studies on economic geography attempt to search for the basic unit of economic-geographical landscape, exploring the geographical process and the formation mechanism of geographical phenomena. The exploration of these three perspectives anticipates new approaches to economic-geographical studies with China's special background.     

地理学视域中国人居环境研究回顾与进展（英文）

Increasing Chinese urbanization and industrialization has prompted greater attention to the study of human settlement and the human-land relationship in the fields of geography, architecture, and urban planning. We used bibliometric methods and statistical software to review 180 articles on human settlement in 16 Chinese geographical journals. We found that Chinese geographical human settlement research is characterized by the following:(1) Most research focuses on human settlement extension, valuation indicators, models for urban and rural settlements, theoretical exploration and the planning practices of single-factor, human settlement and complex, geographical livability in macro-scale, urban settlement differentiation and ideal patterns in medium scale, the comprehensive evaluation of settlement environment, and the planning of community units in micro-scale, community settlements; socio-cultural investigation and warnings about advancing human settlement.(2) No progress has been made in synthesizing and integrating method systems. PSR models and DPSIR models are used for targeting mechanisms, while the standard settlement evaluation system was composed of physical economic indicators by questionnaire surveys. On the other hand, spatial clustering based on GIS has been a frequent focus in recent years. Pioneering research on human settlement and theoretical systems within the context of China's urbanization and industrialization will provide guidance on the sustainability of Chinese cities and regions. The following five aspects require greater attention:(1) Natural suitability research on human settlement, and a survey of human settlement demands to reflect the range of different demands concerning ecologically suitable settlements in urban environments, the corresponding valuation indicators, systems, and evolution, and the impact of the residents' socio-economic attributes.(2) Spatial-temporal evaluation and sustainability research on urban and rural human settlement at various scales, focusing on evolution and spatial differen-tiation at various scales such as city clusters and comparisons between cities, within the cities and communities.(3) Development of theory and technology for human settlement evolution research, including detection technology and methods, data mining measures, and forecasting and emulation of regional and urban human settlement evolution processes, mechanisms and patterns.(4) Research on the control of human settlement that focuses on optimization, patterns, and policies for effective management and development.(5) Estimating the human settlement system service value and establishing suitable human settlement systems, including social, economic, cultural and ecological service values.