基于RS的宝兴河流域LUCC变化分析

本文基于1994年LandsatTM、1999年的ETM＋及2007年的ETM＋遥感影像,在ENVI和ERDAS的支持下提取宝兴河流域的土地利用/覆被变化情况。引入土地利用类型的年变化率、综合土地变化动态度等指标,分析其原因及土地利用的时空变化特征和规律。研究结果表明：1994年到2007年,耕地主要集中在宝兴河流域的东南部平坝地区,呈逐年变少趋势,减少44.7%;林地主要分布在西北高山及中部地区,呈逐年增加的趋势,增加6.5%;草地主要集中在西北高山区,其变化为先减少后增加,总体减少19.3%。     

黄河三角洲北部风电场对水体蒸散发的影响

以黄河三角洲北部风电场为例,利用SEBAL模型,采用Landsat5-TM和Landsat8-OLI/TIRS数据、气象数据、DEM数据以及MODIS数据反演出风电场建设前后水体的蒸散发(ET),分析单个风机和风电场对水体ET的影响,最终得出如下结论:(1)在单个风机中,风力发电机的建设对以风机为中心的200 m缓冲区内水体ET有均匀化作用,并且对缓冲区内的各风向水体ET均匀化程度不同,下风向区域水体ET的均匀化程度最大,旁风向区域水体ET的均匀化程度最小。(2)在整个风电场区域内,风机数量影响风电场对水体ET的均匀化程度,且风机密度与均匀化程度呈负相关,风机越密集均匀化程度越小、越稀疏、均匀化程度越大。     

北京野鸭湖湿地区域蒸散发遥感反演研究

蒸散发在很大程度上影响湿地的水热平衡,宏观掌握湿地区域的蒸散发量对于进一步研究湿地生态系统水文———大气———土壤、植被界面能量转化等过程变得尤为重要。本文在遥感技术基础上,基于地表平衡原理的SEBAL模型,对北京野鸭湖湿地区域蒸散发情况进行模型构建,利用1998年和2004年Landsat TM/ETM卫星数据获取相关地面特征参数及该地区的日蒸散发量,并结合水资源和植被盖度分析研究野鸭湖湿地区域日蒸散发量的动态变化情况。     

遥感土壤水分对蒸散发估算的影响

地表实际蒸散发是联系陆表水循环、能量平衡和碳收支等物理过程的重要生态水文变量,同时也是目前水循环研究中的薄弱点,定量化土壤水分对蒸散发的胁迫作用是估算地表蒸散发的一个关键过程和难点.本研究基于2018年9月闪电河流域水循环与能量平衡遥感综合试验星—机—地联合观测数据,采用机载观测和卫星遥感反演土壤水分输入到ETMoni...     

基于HJ-1B数据和SEBAL模型的陆面蒸散发遥感估算

利用HJ-1B卫星数据和SEBAL模型,进行了淮河上游段的陆面蒸散发(ET)遥感估算。选取2010年4期少云的HJ-1B卫星影像,首先对ET估算中需要的中间变量——地表温度、地表反照率进行了反演,反演结果与MODIS产品结果基本一致;在此基础上,结合部分地面气象观测数据,基于SEBAL模型进行ET估算,并利用水文站点的实测蒸发皿数据对估算的日蒸散发结果进行验证,相对误差在10%之内。将ET估算值与土地利用覆盖类型、地形因子对比分析发现,不同土地覆盖类型的ET量不同,ET空间变异性与地形特征有一定关联。     

基于气象遥感Priestly-Taylor模型的蒸散发估算——以天津市蓟州区为例

基于Landsat-8数据,采用遥感Priestly-Taylor模型分别估算蓟州区的净辐射通量以及归一化植被指数,进一步计算蓟州区日蒸散发量.区域蒸散发的遥感反演主要解决以下两个问题:一是遥感地表温度的反演;二是估算各类遥感模型所需的地表参数(叶面积指数、NDVI、地表阻抗等),结合物理模型或者半经验公式估算区域蒸散...     

三温模型与MODIS影像反演蒸散发

提出三温模型结合MODIS数据反演区域蒸散发的方法,在内蒙古草原开展案例研究,以2008年植被生长季(7—10月)的波文比系统观测数据为标准,对该方法进行检验。结果表明:三温模型反演的蒸散发量,平均值、最大、最小值分别为4.58mm/d、9.03mm/d、1.28mm/d;蒸散发反演结果在空间上分布较均匀,与草原的均一性相吻合,在时间上蒸散发的数值先逐渐增大,8月后逐渐减小,与观测结果相一致;三温模型反演的蒸散发量与观测值之间的最小、最大绝对误差分别为0.11mm/d、1.64mm/d,平均绝对误差为0.58mm/d、平均相对误差为17.10%。三温模型在1km空间尺度的反演精度较理想。     

区域蒸散发量的遥感模型方法研究

蒸散是水资源管理的一个重要参数。与传统的蒸散计算方法相比,利用遥感进行蒸散研究具有快速、准确、大区域尺度及地图可视化显示等特点。本文通过研究,提出了基于能量平衡方法遥感反演蒸散发的计算模型,指出了模型参数的求解方法,建立了基于MOD IS遥感数据的大区域蒸散发遥感反演技术方法。通过对石羊河流域进行试验,反演误差基本小于10%,并且具有进一步推广的技术前景。     

基于USLE模型的安宁河流域土壤侵蚀分析

为全面掌握安宁河流域土壤侵蚀状况并探讨其分布特征,基于USLE模型对该地区水力侵蚀模数进行计算,并就其在不同高程、坡度和地类分布变化规律展开探讨。结果表明：1)安宁河流域2020年土壤平均侵蚀模数为2 962 t/(km²·a),侵蚀强度整体处于中等水平;2)研究区西北部和东南部侵蚀较严重,特别是冕宁县、会东县、德昌县部分地区;3)海拔高程<3 500 m均以微度侵蚀为主;坡度25°为整体侵蚀变化界线;有林地为主要侵蚀地类。建议坚持退耕(牧)还林(草),加强坡耕地治理,提高植被覆盖度,对土壤侵蚀状况进行实时监测,防治结合。     

石川河流域土壤侵蚀时空变化研究

为了研究黄土高原南部植被覆盖较高地区在退耕还林后的土壤侵蚀变化特征,利用RUSLE模型,结合GIS、RS技术,定量估算了2000～2013年石川河流域的土壤侵蚀量,分析了不同植被覆盖条件和不同土地利用类型的土壤侵蚀时空变化特征。结果表明:①土壤侵蚀等级与降雨侵蚀力、地貌和土地利用类型关系密切;②土地利用类型变化显著,耕地所占比重由51.44%减少到48.37%,草地所占比重由24.51%减少到12.48%,林地所占比重由19.45%增加到33.20%;③土壤侵蚀模数由退耕还林初期(2000年)的1 473.7 t/(km~2·a)减少到2013年的806.12 t/(km~2·a),总侵蚀量减少到217.91×10~4 t。土地利用类型的水土保持效益从大到小分别为林地、草地和耕地,说明还林还草工程后石川河流域土壤侵蚀呈总量减少、侵蚀强度降低的趋势,还林还草工程取得了水土保持效益。石川河流域的土壤侵蚀强度可以代表相似水热条件地区的土壤侵蚀情况,相同纬度地区的土壤侵蚀还有进一步下降的空间。     

Migration behaviour of river ganga between Allahabad and Buxar using remotely sensed data

Channel migration includes any change of river channel geometry within the context of the cross-section, pattern or network in a drainage basin. To study the dynamic behaviour of a river, measurements taken with conventional ground-based instruments are time-consuming and expensive. Remote sensing techniques are capable of providing a measure of surface variability including dynamic behaviour of channels, reasonably quickly due to availability of the repetitive remotely-sensed data. These data are well suited for the assessment and monitoring of dynamic changes on the surface of the earth. In the present study Landsat MSS and TM data of winter season in the form of false colour composites (FCC) of years 1982 and 1987 were used for the delineation of river Ganga course lying between Allahabad and Buxar. The interpretation of satellite data was carried out using visual interpretation technique for the assessment of channel migration. The shift in river banks delineated from satellite data were measured with respect to river banks identified from topographical base map. The maximum shift observed in mid channel is 4. 55 km while maximum left and right banks shifts are 4.6 and 4.8 km, respectively.     

Classification of forest land attributes using multi-source remotely sensed data

The aim of the study was to (1) examine the classification of forest land using airborne laser scanning (ALS) data, satellite images and sample plots of the Finnish National Forest Inventory (NFI) as training data and to (2) identify best performing metrics for classifying forest land attributes. Six different schemes of forest land classification were studied: land use/land cover (LU/LC) classification using both national classes and FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations) classes, main type, site type, peat land type and drainage status. Special interest was to test different ALS-based surface metrics in classification of forest land attributes. Field data consisted of 828 NFI plots collected in 2008–2012 in southern Finland and remotely sensed data was from summer 2010. Multinomial logistic regression was used as the classification method. Classification of LU/LC classes were highly accurate (kappa-values 0.90 and 0.91) but also the classification of site type, peat land type and drainage status succeeded moderately well (kappa-values 0.51, 0.69 and 0.52). ALS-based surface metrics were found to be the most important predictor variables in classification of LU/LC class, main type and drainage status. In best classification models of forest site types both spectral metrics from satellite data and point cloud metrics from ALS were used. In turn, in the classification of peat land types ALS point cloud metrics played the most important role. Results indicated that the prediction of site type and forest land category could be incorporated into stand level forest management inventory system in Finland.     

Mapping impervious surface distribution in China using multi-source remotely sensed data

ABSTRACT

Impervious surface area (ISA) data are required for such studies as urban environmental modeling, hydrological modeling, and socioeconomic analysis, but updating these datasets in a large area remains a challenge due to the complex urban landscapes consisting of different materials and colors with various spatial patterns. This research explores the integration of multi-source remotely sensed data for mapping China’s ISA distribution at 30-m spatial resolution. The integration of Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite Day/Night Band (VIIRS DNB) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data were used to extract initial ISA with spatial resolution of 250 m using a thresholding approach. The Landsat-derived NDVI and Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) were used to remove vegetation and water areas from the mixed pixels that existed in the initial ISA data. The spectral signatures of these ISA data were further extracted from Landsat multispectral images and used to refine the ISA data using expert knowledge. The results indicate that the integration of multi-source data can successfully map ISA distribution with 30-m spatial resolution in China with producer’s and user’s accuracies of 83.1 and 91.9%, respectively. These ISA data are valuable for better management of urban landscapes and for use as an input in other studies such as socioeconomic and environmental modeling.     

Study of influence of terrain and climatic factors on groundwater-level fluctuation in a minor river basin using GIS

Terrain environment parameters play a vital role in controlling groundwater movement: its recharge and discharge mechanisms. Many earlier studies have been conducted relating terrain parameters and groundwater condition using conventional methods and remote sensing techniques. This study, however, endeavors to spatially visualize the degree of fluctuation in the groundwater level of Ongur, a minor river basin in different terrain units under different seasons (monsoon and summer) for three historical periods of time using Geographic Information System (GIS) raster analysis.     

Study of influence of terrain and climatic factors on groundwater-level fluctuation in a minor river basin using GIS

Terrain environment parameters play a vital role in controlling groundwater movement:its recharge and discharge me-chanisms.Many earlier studies have been conducted relating terrain parameters and groundwater condition using conventional me-thods and remote sensing techniques.This study,however,endeavors to spatially visualize the degree of fluctuation in the ground-water level of Ongur,a minor river basin in different terrain units under different seasons(monsoon and summer) for three histori-cal periods of time using Geographic Information System(GIS) raster analysis.     

Quantifying spatiotemporal dynamics of agricultural landscapes using remotely sensed data and landscape metrics

This study focuses on the spatiotemporal dynamics of agricultural lands and differences in rapidly developing urban and declining rural counties in Iowa, USA between 1984 and 2000. The study presents an analysis of land-cover maps derived from Landsat TM and ETM+ satellite imagery and different landscape metrics using FRAGSTATS and IDRISI software. The study provides evidence of both loss of croplands and change in fragmentation between 1984 and 2000. Fragmentation in agriculture-dominated areas increased with the development of urban centres and diversification of land uses. Fragmentation of landscapes, including agricultural land, was found to be higher in the urbanized counties, but was stable or even declined over time in these counties. In contrast, in the context of remote rural areas, agricultural landscapes experienced rapid increase in fragmentation and farmland loss. The urban–rural gradient analysis used in this study showed that the highest fragmentation occurred on the city edges. These findings suggest that farmland fragmentation is a complex process associated with socio-economic trends at regional and local scales. In addition, socio-economic determinants of landscape fragmentation differ between areas with diverging development trajectories. Intensive cropland fragmentation in remote agricultural regions, detected by this research, should be further studied and its possible effects on both agricultural productivity and biodiversity should be carefully considered.     

大理河流域土壤侵蚀风险及其空间格局分析

本文利用遥感影像提取大理河流域相关信息,采用水利部部颁标准评价土壤侵蚀风险等级,并与地形特征进行叠加分析。结果显示:研究区侵蚀风险以中度和轻度为主;坡度是主要影响因素,坡度越大侵蚀风险区越集中,尤其是强度及以上区域,集中程度达到90%以上;侵蚀主要分布在1000m—1400m的两个高程带内。研究结果可以辅助管理部门进行侵蚀治理决策。     

结合遥感数据与地统计学方法的海岸线超分辨率制图

使用黄河三角洲海岸Landsat卫星遥感数据,基于研究区域低分辨率6波段的海陆类型软分类结果及其变差函数,以高分辨率8波段的指示变差函数为精细尺度先验信息模型,采用数据探索性分析、协同指示克里格和序贯指示协同模拟技术,生成海陆类型发生概率模拟图像,通过等值线法提取海岸线空间分布特征。实验表明,基于地统计学方法的超分辨率制图技术在低分辨率遥感数据中融合高分辨率空间结构先验模型,可以较好表达精细尺度上的海岸线空间分布特征,同时保持原始数据的海陆类型组分信息及其空间结构特征。地统计学方法集成多尺度乃至多源空间信息的潜力通过海岸线超分辨率制图形式得到展示。     

Pre-and post-construction status of panam reservoir and its environs using remotely sensed and ancillary data

The success of water-resources projects can be evaluated by using remotely sensed and ancillary data supported by ground-based information. Surficial features in the vicinity of Panam reservoir of the Mahi-Kadana river-valley project, have been demarcated using IRS data of 1991 (post-commission) and 1969 topographic sheet information (prior to commission) and have been evaluated. Observed positive and negative changes indicate that the project maintains its environment-friendly function.