东秦岭地区黄土堆积的岩石磁学特征及磁化率增强机制探索

对东秦岭地区洛南盆地的上白川、刘湾和丹江上游的二龙山黄土剖面进行了岩石磁学研究。结果表明,大部分黄土和古土壤样品的磁性矿物以磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿为主,古土壤中亚铁磁性矿物的含量比黄土的多,极少数黄土样品以反铁磁性矿物为主。亚铁磁性矿物和反铁磁性矿物的含量随成土作用增强而增加,成土作用形成的细粒亚铁磁性矿物包括超顺磁性和单畴（似单畴）颗粒,但以单畴和（或）似单畴为主。古土壤磁化率增强与这些土壤成因的细粒亚铁磁性矿物含量有关,显示出受气候变化控制的特点。东秦岭地区黄土岩石磁学性质与黄土高原地区的相似,但也存在一定差异,而且三个剖面之间磁化率值整体差别较大。温湿的气候和复杂的山区地形可能是导致这种差异的原因。     

天山北麓典型黄土沉积序列的磁学特征及主控因子初探

新疆黄土岩石磁学特征与地层性质的对应关系具有鲜明的区域特征。本文选取沙湾黄土剖面进行较为系统的岩石磁学分析。研究结果表明,沙湾剖面的磁性矿物组成与黄土高原及新疆北部其他黄土剖面相似,以亚铁磁性矿物(如磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿)为主要的载磁矿物,同时含有一定量的不完全反铁磁性矿物(如赤铁矿、针铁矿)和顺磁性矿物。假单畴(PSD)和多畴(MD)为样品的主要磁畴特征,部分土壤样品中磁性矿物磁畴状态表现为单畴(SD)。进一步分析发现,磁化率与地层对应关系较为复杂,剖面3m以上地层中的磁化率及其他相关磁学参数与成壤强度呈现正相关关系,全新世以来发育的古土壤中磁化率值较高,细颗粒磁性矿物含量也较高; 而3m之下地层中磁学参数显著表现为风力强度驱动变化模式。古风场强度的变化可能对剖面整体磁学性质具有一定的影响,成壤作用受到风动力条件的制约,主要决定了较细颗粒磁性矿物的含量变化。XARM/SIRM参数与磁化率相比对地层成壤强度的指示作用更为明显。     

Particle size contributions to bulk magnetic susceptibility in Chinese loess and paleosol

The magnetic enhancement of paleosol is observed in the Chinese loess. The origin of this magnetic enhancement is still very uncertain. It is, however, a key problem in correctly understanding the paleoclimatic significance of changes of magnetic susceptibility and in transferring the magnetic signals to paleoclimatic parameters. Two main models have been proposed to explain the mechanism of magnetic enhancement in paleosols: a depositional model and a pedogenic model. Together with composition and concentration, grain size distribution of magnetic minerals also plays an important role to the magnetic enhancement of paleosols. Systematic susceptibility measurements were carried out on the samples of the upper part (S₀ to top of L₂) of three loess sections from Jixian, Xifeng, and Xining, along an east–west transect in the loess plateau, China. The samples with the highest value of magnetic susceptibility in S₁ and the lowest value in L₂ of each section were selected as the representatives. These representatives were separated into different grain size fractions based on Stokes’ law for coarse grains and by centrifuge for fine grains. Measurements of magnetic susceptibility and mass have been carried out on these fractions. Results show that for the loesses magnetic susceptibility changes little in the fractions with different grain size and for the paleosols it increases with decreasing grain size. The magnitude of changes is bigger in the east (Jixian and Xifeng) than that in the west (Xining). The fraction with the finest particle size in paleosols does not show very high magnetic susceptibility values. A new approach is used to estimate the contribution of each fraction to total magnetic susceptibility. The contribution comes mainly from coarse grains (>10 μm) for loess samples. It reaches about 90%. The main contribution comes, however, from the particles with medium size (10–0.2 μm). The very fine grained particle (<0.3 μm), which is considered to be with the pedogenic origin, contributes little to the bulk magnetic susceptibility, no more than 3% because of their very little amount. This approach provides a sounder basis for the study of the origin of the magnetic susceptibility enhancement in paleosols and of the paleoclimatic significance of magnetic susceptibility of loess and paleosols.     

黄土沉积物原生组分磁化率与风力的物质分选

本研究选取我国西北地区典型荒漠表土和黄土-古土壤序列样品为研究对象,探讨黄土沉积物及其潜在物源区表土的原生磁性矿物浓度在不同粒级间的变化规律、黄土剖面中粒度与磁化率的关系,以验证中国黄土沉积物中磁性组分在搬运过程中是否存在分选作用及其变化规律。来自西北地区表土的地质证据表明,磁性组分主要集中于>63 μm和31~63 μm粒径组分,并以后者的含量最高;与之相对应,黄土沉积中原生磁性组分主要集中于31~63 μm粒径组分,但>63 μm粒径组分不再是主要载磁组分,其磁性显著低于31~63 μm粒径组分。同时,多个剖面的证据表明黄土沉积的原生磁化率与31~63 μm粒径组分的含量是同相位变化的,进一步支持沉积物中原生组分的磁化率受到风动力的分选作用影响。需要强调的是,沉积物原生磁化率的主要载磁粒径组分为31~63 μm的颗粒物,而并非最粗粒组分。本研究结果暗示,相较于沉积物的全样粒度,干旱半干旱地区风成沉积的磁化率在指示古风场强度方面具有潜力。

     

兰州九州台黄土磁性特征及其古气候意义研究

本文选取黄土高原西部地区具有代表性的九州台黄土进行系统的磁性和粒度特征研究,结果表明其磁性特征主要由磁铁矿控制,同时含有磁赤铁矿和赤铁矿; 磁性矿物粒度为假单畴,黄土的粒度组成以粉砂为主。ARM/Xlf和XARM/SIRM能更好的反映成壤强度和古气候变化。选取>40μm的粒度百分含量和XARM/SIRM作为代用指标分别反映冬、夏季风变化,研究结果揭示冬、夏季风趋势并非同步异向变化,在倒数第二次冰期向末次间冰期过渡时,相对于夏季风,冬季风的变化具有一定的滞后性,暗示了冬夏季风的主控因素可能不同。     

Ferrimagnetic minerals in red paleosols of Pleistocene Epoch, eastern China

The type,grain size and origin of ferimagnetic minerals separated from red paleosols of pleistocene Epoch(Q2)in eastern China ,were studied by using mineral magnetic measurement,X-ray powder diffraction and electron microscopy.Results showed that the iron oxider in red paleosols were composed of hematite(α-Fe2O3),maghemite(γ-Fe2O3) and goethite(α-FeOOH),Mineral magnetic parameters and X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that maghemite was the dominant remanence carrier in red paleosols,which is characterized by superparamagnetic(SP) and stable single domain(SSD) grains,The variations of magnetic susceptibility(χ） ,anhysteretic magnetic susceptibility(χRAM）and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization(SIRM) for red paleosols following heating to various temperatures showed two peak values at 700℃ and 900℃.The spherulitic magnetic particles measuring 250-1000μm in diameter in red paleosols were separated by the magnetic separation method,indicating that these magnetic particles were an assemblage of superparamagnetic and stable single domain ferrimagnetic grains,It is suggested that the ferrimagnetic minerals of red paleosols be a pedogenic ferrimagnetic component under high temperature and high humid conditions in the Pleistocene Fpoch(Q2).It is concluded that the magnetism characteristics of red paleosols can be used to evaluate the environmental changes of Quaternary in eastern China.     

黄土高原与伊犁黄土磁学特征对比及启示

近30年来世界黄土磁学性质及其古气候意义研究取得了重大进展,并提出了"成壤说"和"风速论"两种主要的磁化率增强模式。由于两种模式是针对特定地区黄土地层的磁学性质变化规律提出的,其应用范围有限,然而模型描述的影响磁化率的增强因素是否可能普遍适用于黄土地层?近些年来的研究结果倾向于肯定这种假设。本研究选取黄土高原和伊犁地区黄土进行磁学分析进一步探讨这个假设存在的可能性。磁化率测量结果发现伊犁地区的古土壤/黄土层与lf曲线的峰/谷对应关系不明确,且分布范围和平均值的差别小,区别于黄土高原。岩石磁学分析结果表明黄土高原和伊犁地区黄土/古土壤地层的磁学性质受磁铁矿(和磁赤铁矿)控制,细粒磁性矿物和低矫顽力矿物对地层总体磁性的贡献与成壤强度呈正相关关系|区别在于黄土高原黄土的磁性矿物含量与地层成壤强度呈现良好正相关关系,伊犁黄土中磁性矿物含量与成壤强度无明确相关关系,且总体高于黄土高原黄土。后者的细粒磁性矿物和低矫顽力矿物百分比含量显著高于伊犁黄土。研究结果表明两种磁化率增强因素在黄土中是普遍存在的,在不同环境下两种因素对磁化率的贡献不同,因此磁化率在不同的环境下具有不同的环境指示意义,磁化率作为降水量的代用指标并不适用于所有黄土剖面。相比较而言,反映细粒磁性矿物和低矫顽力矿物百分比含量的磁学参数以及反映粗粒磁性矿物含量的磁学参数更适合于古气候研究。     

Microfabric of folded quartz veins in metagreywackes: dislocation creep and subgrain rotation at high stress

The microfabrics of folded quartz veins in fine‐grained high pressure–low temperature metamorphic greywackes of the Franciscan Subduction Complex at Pacheco Pass, California, were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy including electron backscatter diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The foliated host metagreywacke is deformed by dissolution–precipitation creep, as indicated by the shape preferred orientation of mica and clastic quartz without any signs of crystal‐plastic deformation. The absence of crystal‐plastic deformation of clastic quartz suggests that the flow stress in the host metagreywacke remained below a few tens of MPa at temperatures of 250–300 °C. In contrast, the microfabric of the folded quartz veins indicates deformation by dislocation creep accompanied by subgrain rotation recrystallization. For the small recrystallized grain size of ～8 ± 6 μm, paleopiezometers indicate differential stresses of a few hundred MPa. The stress concentration in the single phase quartz vein is interpreted to be due to its higher effective viscosity compared to the fine‐grained host metagreywacke deforming by dissolution–precipitation creep. The fold shape suggests a viscosity contrast of one to two orders of magnitude. Deformation by dissolution–precipitation creep is expected to be a continuous process. The same must hold for folding of the vein and deformation of the vein quartz by dislocation creep. The microfabric suggests dynamic recrystallization predominantly by subgrain rotation and only minor strain‐induced grain boundary migration, which requires low contrasts in dislocation density across high‐angle grain boundaries to be maintained during climb‐controlled creep at high differential stress. The record of quartz in these continuously deformed veins is characteristic and different from the record in metamorphic rocks exhumed in seismically active regions, where high‐stress deformation at similar temperatures is episodic and related to the seismic cycle.     

印度德干高原Panchgini地区黄土性质初探

黄土是陆地上分布较广、沉积连续的第四纪沉积物,在古气候和全球变化研究中发挥了重大的作用。本文对印度德干高原Panchgini地区黄土进行了地球化学和地球物理学研究,测试了常量元素、稀土元素(REE)、粒度以及系统的环境磁学等参数。实验结果表明:德干高原Panchgini地区黄土与典型风积黄土的粒度组成相似,表明它们具有相似的成因;此外,常量元素含量和稀土元素分配模式都与中国典型黄土相似,上述证据不仅明确了该地区黄土的存在,也表明它们拥有相似的物质来源模式和沉积过程;系统的环境磁学测量表明Panchgini地区黄土中主要的强磁性矿物为磁铁矿,弱磁性矿物为针铁矿和赤铁矿,同时存在一部分顺磁性物质,磁性矿物粒径整体较粗,粒级主要集中在假单畴(PSD)和多畴(MD)之间。     

洛川黄土地层学

黄土和古土壤的磁化率与所含磁性矿物的浓度和颗粒大小密切相关。磁化率信号的主要载体是非常细的磁铁矿和(或者)磁赤铁矿。洛川黄土序列的磁化率曲线变化与成壤作用和粉尘堆积作用强弱有关,反映了气候的变化。磁化率值为识别黄土和古土壤层提供了一个工具。文中建议了黄土岩石地层单位命名的原则。洛川黄土-古土壤序列的磁化率曲线记录了最近2.5Ma气候变化的历史,与深海沉积的气候记录可以对比。     

Properties of magnetic mineralogy of Alaskan loess: evidence for pedogenesis

The in situ pedogenic enhancement of ferrimagnetic content provides the well-established patterns of magnetic susceptibility variation within mid- to low-latitude loess deposits such as those of China and Central Europe. However, this pattern of high magnetic susceptibility in palaeosols, and lower values in unweathered loess, is not replicated in the higher-latitude loess deposits of Alaska and Siberia. In these localities the relationship is inverted, with high values in loess, and low values in palaeosols. This inverse relationship has been explained by the idea that magnetic susceptibility is reflecting the magnitude of an aeolian ferrimagnetic component of consistent mineralogy, the grain size of which is related to average wind velocity. However, the results of the magnetic study presented in this paper suggest that there are differences in magnetic properties between Alaskan loess and palaeosols, not only in magnetic grain size and concentration but also in magnetic mineralogy. This complicates the simple hypothesis of a `wind velocity’ signal by introducing an additional factor into the climatic signal. In contrast to the enhancement of susceptibility observed in palaeosols of the Loess Plateau, China, we suggest that the low magnetic susceptibility values in the Alaskan palaeosol units are a reflection, at least in part, of the alteration of the ferrimagnetic content by post-depositional processes associated with waterlogging (i.e. gleying) of the soils.     

Rock Magnetism Study on Loess-Paleosol Sequence at Huixinggou Section of Sanmenxia Basin

Rock magnetism is the foundation of paleomagnetism and environmental magnetism study, and is effective in identifying the components, grain size and content of magnetic minerals in rocks and sediments. A systematic rock magnetism investigation has been conducted on the Huixinggou loess-paleosol sequence at Shuigou-Huixinggou Paleolithic site of Sanmenxia Basin in the southeastern Loess Plateau. Results show that the magnetic assemblage of the section is dominated by magnetite and maghemite, as well as hematite, exhibiting the average grain size of magnetic minerals is attributed to Pseudo-Single Domain (PSD). The variation curves of magnetic parameters are consistent and well comparable to marine oxygen isotope curves, with low values corresponding to the loess deposition during glacial periods, and high values corresponding to the paleosol development during interglacial periods, jointly demonstrating the glacial-interglacial cyclicities of magnetic mineral types, composition, and grain size of Chinese loess-paleosol sequences under the influence of alternating strengthening and weakening of Eastern Asian paleomonsoon over the Quaternary period. Comprehensive analysis reveals that the relative content of high-coercivity antiferromagnetic minerals is higher in loess than in paleosol, whilst the absolute content of high-coercivity antiferromagnetic minerals in paleosol is generally higher than that in loess accompanying increasing intensity of pedogenesis. The mass-specific magnetic susceptibility (χ) shows distinctly positive correlations with anhysteretic susceptibility (χ_ARM), Saturation Isothermal Remanent Magnetization (SIRM) and magnetic grain size dependent parameters (χ_ARM/SIRM and χ_ARM/χ), indicating that the pedogenic producing Single Domain (SD) and small PSD ferrimagnetic particles contribute significantly to the magnetic susceptibility enhancement.     

The ultrafine component in Chinese loess and its variation over the past 7·6 Ma: implications for the history of pedogenesis

Grain‐size data from different climatic zones across the Chinese Loess Plateau show that the loess generally contains an ultrafine component, which has a consistent modal grain size of ca 0·37 μm and a variable proportion of 4 to 10%. The variation of the ultrafine component through a loess section is characterized by a high proportion and fine grain size in palaeosols, and by a low proportion and coarse grain size in loess layers. Its proportional content in a stratum roughly increases from north‐west to south‐east across the Loess Plateau. Quantitative X‐ray diffraction analysis indicates that the ultrafine component is composed mainly of clay minerals (ca 70%), which are mostly illite (ca 80%), and with significant amounts of kaolinite (ca 8%) and chlorite (ca 2%). The temporal and spatial variations of the ultrafine component, and the degree of illite crystallinity, suggest that this component in aeolian sediments is linked closely to the process of pedogenesis. Weakly altered loess on the north‐western margin of the Loess Plateau contains considerable amounts of detrital clay minerals derived from the aeolian source areas. Results from a loess section with a basal age of 7·6 Ma in the central Loess Plateau show that the ultrafine component increased from 7·6 to 5 Ma, and progressively decreased thereafter. This trend was punctuated by two abrupt changes at 2·6 and 0·6 Ma. These variations reflect to a considerable extent the history of pedogenesis during the Late Cenozoic.     

East Asia winter monsoon variations on a millennial time‐scale before the last glacial–interglacial cycle

Grain size and magnetic susceptibility measurements on samples from a typical loess–palaeosol sequence on the central Chinese Loess Plateau are used to reconstruct the Pleistocene East Asian monsoon climate. The coarse‐grained fraction, i.e. the weight percentage > 30 μm of the bulk grain‐size distribution, is used as a sensitive proxy index of the East Asia winter monsoon strength. On the basis of an absolute time‐scale, time‐series variations of this proxy show that winter monsoon strengths varied on millennial time‐scales during the periods 145–165, 240–280, 320–350, 390–440, 600–640, 860–890, 900–930 and 1330–1400 kyr BP. The wavelength of these climatic oscillations varied between 1.89 and 4.0 kyr, as is shown by spectral analysis using the multitaper method. Although numerical simulation experiments show that high frequencies also can arise from measurement errors in the grain‐size analysis, the frequencies prove to be sufficiently stable when the spectral analysis is repeated with a different number of tapers. For the time being, we do not correlate these climatic oscillations with palaeoclimatic records in the North Atlantic deep‐sea sediments because both time‐scales need to be further improved. Our data, however, certainly demonstrate that millennial‐scale East Asian winter monsoon variations in the last 1.4 million years can be detected from terrestrial loess records. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Impacts of grain size sorting and chemical weathering on the geochemistry of Jingyuan loess in the northwestern Chinese Loess Plateau

Major and trace elemental compositions of loess samples collected from the Jingyuan section in the northwestern Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) were analyzed to investigate the potential impacts of grain size sorting and chemical weathering on the loess geochemistry and to extract appropriate geochemical indices for better evaluating the East Asian monsoon variability. Based on variations of major and trace elements in different grain size fractions, seventeen elements were classified into three types: (1) Si and Na display higher contents with the increased particle sizes; (2) Al, Fe, Mg, K, Mn, Zn, Rb, Cr, V are mainly enriched in fine size fractions; (3) Ti, Ba, Zr, P, Ca and Sr show irregular variations among different size fractions. Comparison of Al-normalized elemental ratios with Zr/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios (two commonly employed indicators for grain size sorting and pedogenic weathering) indicates that Si/Al, Zr/Al, Ti/Al variations match well with Zr/Rb and grain size results, whilst Ca/Al, Sr/Al, P/Al ratios display similar variability as that of Rb/Sr ratio. Comparison of loess based proxies (e.g., elemental ratios, magnetic susceptibility, grain size) of Jingyuan section with speleothem and ice-core records confirms that elemental ratios of high-resolution loess sequences developed in the northwestern CLP can be employed to address fluctuations of the winter monsoon-induced grain size sorting and summer monsoon-related weathering and pedogenesis at glacial–interglacial and millennial timescales.     

松嫩沙地Sr?Nd同位素组成特征

作为亚洲风尘源区的中国北方干旱—半干旱地区的Sr?Nd同位素组成已得到很好的研究,但位于欧亚黄土带最东端的松嫩沙地尚是空白,这影响了对该地区风尘系统的深入理解。为此,系统采集了松嫩沙地19个区域90个河流沙和风成沙样品,并对这些样品进行了分粒级处理（<63 μm、63~30 μm、30~10 μm、<10 μm和<30 μm）。对116个分粒级子样的酸不溶物（硅酸盐组分）进行了Sr?Nd同位素组成的测定。研究结果表明,松嫩沙地可划分出两个大区（嫩江水系和松花江水系）和七个小区,嫩江水系沉积物的Nd同位素组成显著高于松花江水系,而Sr同位素组成明显偏低。松嫩沙地8个剖面纵向上的同位素特征显示,Sr?Nd同位素组成存在“时间效应”,即随时间发生了明显变化,表明了源区地球化学组成的不稳定性。分粒级组成表明,粒度对87Sr/86Sr比值的影响很小,但对Nd同位素组成有明显影响,且存在Nd同位素比值富集在粗颗粒组分中的趋势,这与以往的研究结果不同。无论是地质历史时期还是现在,嫩江水系沉积物（大庆、杜蒙、齐齐哈尔、泰来、白城）对哈尔滨粉尘的贡献都很小。哈尔滨黄土与现代尘暴粉尘有不同的物源,哈尔滨黄土是春季尘暴天气作用的产物,有一个混合源,松花江水系沉积物（扶余、德惠、榆树等地）是哈尔滨黄土的主要粉尘源区,内蒙古中东部的沙地也为哈尔滨黄土贡献了部分的细颗粒粉尘。     

青藏高原东缘湖相沉积和黄土高原黄土沉积磁化率与粒度相关性对比*

为探讨构造稳定地区(如黄土高原)和构造活跃地区(如青藏高原东缘)粉尘沉积物中磁化率(SUS)与粒度的相关性及其对环境事件的指示意义,本次研究分析了黄土高原蓝田剖面黄土—古土壤样品和青藏高原东缘湖相沉积样品的粒度和磁化率记录。黄土高原黄土—古土壤沉积SUS与2~10 μm粒度组分最强正相关,青藏高原东缘湖相沉积的SUS与2~10 μm粒度组分最强负相关,反映2~10 μm粒度组分为黄土高原和青藏高原乃至亚洲干旱—半干旱地区连续稳定敏感的背景沉积组分。黄土高原黄土—古土壤沉积的SUS与32~63 μm粒度组分最强负相关,青藏高原东缘湖相沉积的SUS与32~63 μm粒度组分最强正相关,反映32~63 μm粒度组分不仅是黄土高原尘暴事件沉积的敏感指标,也是青藏高原东缘湖相沉积记录的地震事件敏感指标。SUS与粒度组分的相关性在青藏高原东缘地区地震事件层开始部分高于结束部分,也较好地反映地震事件为研究区添加新鲜沉积物后随地形地貌恢复逐步减少的过程。SUS与粒度组分相关性也受当地物源的影响。     

The influence of particle size variations on the magnetic properties of sediments from the north-eastern Irish Sea

This paper considers the magnetic properties of a range of recent and contemporary sediments from the north eastern part of the Irish Sea. Principal component ordinations of the results show a close link between magnetic property variations and particle size. The magnetic properties of a subset of samples, particles sized by a combination of sieving and pipette analysis, confirm that variations in ferrimagnetic (‘magnetite’) grain size parallel those in particle size, despite the fact that the magnetic grains in the fine grades have diameters 1–2 orders of magnitude smaller than those of the particle size fraction in which they occur. This is best explained by postulating that the fine magnetic grains occur in the clay fraction but are present in declining concentrations in the coarser grades up to 4ø as an artefact of the pipette method. Most samples have a biomodal distribution of magnetic minerals, with a coarse mode associated with heavy minerals in the sands or coarse silts, and a fine mode in the clays. Magnetic susceptibility (x) and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) largely pick out the coarse mode where present; anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) largely picks out the fine mode. The results open up the possibility of normalizing samples from these environments for particle size and, more specifically, clay content, by means of ARM or ARM/x values. The most likely source for the uniform and almost exclusive stable single domain magnetite, which dominates the magnetic properties of the clays, is thought to be bacterial magnetosomes. The measurements as a whole do not appear to hold much promise for discriminating sediment source types.     

青藏高原东缘湖相沉积和黄土高原黄土沉积磁化率与粒度相关性对比*

为探讨构造稳定地区(如黄土高原)和构造活跃地区(如青藏高原东缘)粉尘沉积物中磁化率(SUS)与粒度的相关性及其对环境事件的指示意义,本次研究分析了黄土高原蓝田剖面黄土—古土壤样品和青藏高原东缘湖相沉积样品的粒度和磁化率记录。黄土高原黄土—古土壤沉积SUS与2~10 μm粒度组分最强正相关,青藏高原东缘湖相沉积的SUS与2~10 μm粒度组分最强负相关,反映2~10 μm粒度组分为黄土高原和青藏高原乃至亚洲干旱—半干旱地区连续稳定敏感的背景沉积组分。黄土高原黄土—古土壤沉积的SUS与32~63 μm粒度组分最强负相关,青藏高原东缘湖相沉积的SUS与32~63 μm粒度组分最强正相关,反映32~63 μm粒度组分不仅是黄土高原尘暴事件沉积的敏感指标,也是青藏高原东缘湖相沉积记录的地震事件敏感指标。SUS与粒度组分的相关性在青藏高原东缘地区地震事件层开始部分高于结束部分,也较好地反映地震事件为研究区添加新鲜沉积物后随地形地貌恢复逐步减少的过程。SUS与粒度组分相关性也受当地物源的影响。     

新疆尼勒克黄土岩石磁学特征及变化机制研究

新疆黄土与黄土高原黄土相比,无论在物源还是后期成土环境方面都存在较大差异,因此二者的磁学特征有所不同。本文选取伊犁尼勒克地区的一个黄土-古土壤剖面进行了系统的岩石磁学及粒度研究。实验结果表明尼勒克剖面中磁性矿物具有以下特征：1）以亚铁磁性矿物磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿为主,并含有一定量的反铁磁性矿物赤铁矿和针铁矿;2）各黄土层成壤作用弱,磁性矿物以原始输入的粗颗粒MD和PSD为主。PS1古土壤层成壤作用强,以细颗粒SD为主。弱发育古土壤层PS0既包含SD颗粒,又有粗颗粒。各地层均不含SP颗粒;3）PS1古土壤层原始含铁矿物输入量略低于黄土高原地区,其他各地层均高于黄土高原地区,但受成土作用及其他因素影响,剖面中亚铁磁性矿物含量远低于黄土高原黄土-古土壤层。PS1古土壤层成壤作用强,在新疆地区较为少见,但其磁化率却低于各黄土层,说明尼勒克黄土-古土壤磁化率变化机制与黄土高原地区不同。古土壤层原始输入含铁矿物的量较黄土层低,但原始含铁矿物只是影响剖面磁化率变化的原因之一。PS1古土壤层在沉积后期受到间歇性水流作用,成土成因的强磁性SP磁铁矿/磁赤铁矿颗粒遭受破坏并转化为赤铁矿,导致PS1古土壤层磁化率的急剧降低,并使该层赤铁矿的相对含量增加。