西藏措勤早白垩世后碰撞花岗岩厘定及岩石成因

鞠耳雀热巴花岗岩体位于冈底斯中带北侧,呈近EW向分布于嘎立穷-鞠耳雀热巴-孔弄一带.岩石类型主要为似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩.花岗岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为129 Ma,表明鞠耳雀热巴岩体形成于早白垩世.岩石为高钾钙碱性系列,据岩石地球化学、Sr-Nd同位素等特征,认为其属S型花岗岩,花岗质岩浆起源于古老上地壳物质不同程度部分重熔,源区物质具富粘土泥质岩特征.结合构造判别图解及区域类似岩体的研究,确定该岩体具后碰撞花岗岩性质,形成于从挤压体制向拉张体制过渡的构造环境.表明在早白垩世拉萨地块与羌塘地块间班公湖-怒江缝合带已由先前挤压隆升碰撞阶段转为伸展后碰撞阶段.     

高黎贡构造带花岗岩的年代学和地球化学及其构造意义

产于高黎贡山脉的花岗岩（简称高黎贡花岗岩）记录中生代以来高黎贡构造带形成、演化的全部过程,高黎贡花岗岩的成因研究对于查明东喜马拉雅构造结的形成和演化乃至整个冈底斯地块的演化过程具有重要意义.高黎贡花岗岩为一套由黑云母二长花岗岩、二云母二长花岗岩、花岗岩组成的花岗质杂岩体,空间上构成一条南北向分布的挟持于怒江剪切带和龙川江剪切带之间狭长透镜体.地球化学特征研究揭示,高黎贡花岗岩为高钾钙碱性、过铝-强过铝花岗岩,其岩浆来源于中、下地壳前寒武纪变质岩的深熔作用.花岗岩源区成分不均一,以变质硬砂岩为主,并含有变质玄武岩,形成于岛弧-陆陆碰撞环境.SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年表明,高黎贡花岗岩形成于早白垩世晚期（126～118Ma）,其年龄、地球化学特征与拉萨地块北缘花岗岩一致,说明它为冈底斯构造岩浆岩带的东延部分,是中特提斯怒江洋洋壳向南俯冲和海洋闭合过程的岩浆响应,而与新特提斯雅鲁藏布江洋的演化无关.     

西藏八宿花岗岩岩石学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

西藏八宿地区大地构造位置为冈底斯-念青唐古拉板块北东缘,紧邻班公湖-怒江结合带。区内出露有花岗岩体,包括花岗闪长岩和黑云母二长花岗岩,侵位于朱村组火山岩中。区域主要完成了1:25万区域地质调查,研究程度相对较低,有关花岗岩的报道较少。本次工作在详细野外调研的基础上,研究了花岗岩类的岩石学,地球化学和年代学特征来确定岩体的构造意义。在该地区获得花岗闪长岩和石英闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为119.7±1.2Ma和120.6±1.8Ma。岩体锆石ε_Hf(t)值为-10.42~-7.00,对应的地壳模式年龄为1624~1841Ma。地球化学特征反映壳源部分熔融成因,有地幔物质及热流参与,形成于板块俯冲构造环境。岩体北东侧的朱村组火山岩所获得的角闪英安岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为128±2Ma,较岩体早9Myr,属于同一岩浆事件产物,因此,八宿花岗岩与火山岩一样,属于伯舒拉岭火山岩浆弧的一部分,形成于怒江洋壳向冈底斯-念青唐古拉板块俯冲、消减的火山弧环境。八宿岩体很可能是在班公湖-怒江洋岩石圈向南俯冲的地球动力学背景下形成的。     

阳山石湾、菜山顶岩体的基本特征和形成时代

石湾岩体和菜山顶岩体均处于英德弧形构造前弧西翼,为受弧形构造控制的小岩株.两岩体的岩石学、岩石化学、微量元素地球化学、稀土元素地球化学特征相似,具I型花岗岩特征,同属一个单元.两岩体的形成时代为早二叠世,石湾岩体全岩K-Ar法年龄为(278～285)×106 a,菜山顶岩体全岩K-Ar法年龄为283×106a.两岩体均属海西期花岗岩,定位于英德弧形构造形成的早期.     

桂东北地区几个加里东期花岗岩体的地球化学特征及其构造环境判别

通过对该区花岗岩的常量元素、稀土元素及微量元素成分分析对比,利用岩石化学特征并结合岩体产出地质条件,对花岗岩形成的构造环境进行了综合判别.提出桂东北花岗岩具有相同的成因和来源,属同一岩浆结晶分异演化而来.结晶分异作用为花岗岩的主要成岩方式.越城岭、苗儿山和海洋山岩体主要形成于同碰撞的挤压构造环境下,而大宁岩体总体构造环境为处于碰撞前向同碰撞转换的挤压构造环境.     

青藏高原冈底斯带东南部新生代多期岩浆作用及其构造意义

本文对拉萨地体东南缘东冈底斯带的花岗岩进行了详细的野外地质观察,基于侵入关系划分出了5期花岗岩.前4期花岗岩经历了不同程度的变形,呈片麻状构造,而最后1期花岗岩未经历变形,呈块状构造.锆石U-Pb定年揭示,5期花岗岩的形成年龄分别为63Ma、51Ma、50Ma、29Ma和26Ma.岩石学和岩石化学分析表明,前两期为花岗闪长岩,具有高的MgO(1.28％～1.84％)和CaO(3.16％～4.18％)含量,高的Mg#值(平均为43),中等K2O含量(1.5％～2.53％),低的K2O/Na2O(0.37～0.68),为准铝质Ⅰ型花岗岩.而后三期为花岗岩,其中第四期和第五期分别为浅色花岗岩脉和伟晶岩脉,具有明显低MgO(0.03％～0.27％)、Mg#值(2～15),低CaO(1.04％～1.6％),较高K2O(3.75％～6.93％)、K2O/Na2O(0.94～2.04),弱过铝质,显示S型花岗岩特征.研究表明,前三期花岗岩在冈底斯带其它地区也有广泛分布,而后两期花岗岩仅在研究区出露,这很可能说明拉萨地体东南缘从渐新世以来经历了与冈底斯带其它地区不同的构造演化历史.     

华南地区新元古代花岗岩铀成矿机制——以摩天岭花岗岩为例

华南是我国重要的花岗岩型铀成矿区,印支期-燕山期花岗岩是最主要的产铀花岗岩。广西北部形成于新元古代的摩天岭岩体是我国目前已知的最古老的产铀花岗岩体之一。前人对华南印支-燕山期花岗岩的铀成矿作用研究较深入,但对以摩天岭岩体为代表的新元古代古老花岗岩的铀成矿作用研究程度较低。本文以摩天岭花岗岩体为对象,进行了岩石学、地球化学、年代学及其铀矿成矿特征和规律的深入研究,取得以下认识:1)摩天岭岩体规模巨大,相带分布明显,内部相带和过渡相带发育,岩性主要为黑云母花岗岩、二云母花岗岩和含电气石二云母花岗岩,花岗岩体具有富硅富碱、铝过饱和、钾大于钠的特点,属S型花岗岩; 2)摩天岭岩体形成于850～760Ma之间的新元古代; 3)摩天岭岩体铀成矿潜力巨大,铀矿化以铀-绿泥石型和铀-硅化带型为主,铀-绿泥石型的代表矿床——达亮矿床形成于360～401Ma,是加里东期区域变质及构造活动共同作用的结果;铀-硅化带型铀矿的代表——新村铀矿形成于47Ma,是喜马拉雅期伸展构造作用下构造-热液活动共同作用的结果; 4)摩天岭岩体中铀矿床的铀源来自于元古界四堡群、丹州群和摩天岭岩体本身;成矿流体主要来源于大气降水,同时有深部流体的参与;热源主要与加里东期区域变质作用和喜马拉雅期伸展背景下的构造作用关系密切; 5)摩天岭岩体铀成矿经过了新元古代铀预富集、加里东晚期到海西早期的区域变质-构造热液成矿作用、喜马拉雅期的构造热液成矿作用等几个阶段,形成了类型丰富、规模较大的铀矿床,铀找矿潜力巨大。     

中国南天山晚石炭世—早二叠世花岗质侵入岩的岩石成因与地壳增生

晚石炭世—早二叠世在中亚南天山造山带形成了大量的花岗质侵入岩.中国境内这些岩体以晚石炭世Ⅰ型花岗岩、早二叠世Ⅰ型和S型花岗岩以及最晚期的A型花岗岩为代表.不同类型的岩石在源区特征和岩浆形成的温压条件上存在一定的差异,而这些差异性反映了该时期内构造环境的演化过程.本文选取铁列克岩体、盲起苏岩体、英买来岩体、川乌鲁杂岩体、...     

东北地区花岗岩地质图(1∶1500000)编图及其说明

在收集前人资料和最新区调及科研成果文献的基础上,梳理厘定公开发表文献的花岗岩岩体同位素年龄数据1093个,硅酸盐数据772套,微量元素数据627套,稀土元素数据653套.依据这些数据及最新调查成果编制东北地区花岗岩地质图(1∶1 500 000).该图突出了构造-花岗岩区划作用.此次研究将前中生代构造-花岗岩类划分为2个构造花岗岩域、2个构造花岗岩省和7个构造花岗岩区(带),将中新生代构造-花岗岩类划分为2个构造花岗岩域、3个构造花岗岩省和7个构造花岗岩区(带),使得花岗岩类的时空演化特征更加明显.     

西藏冈底斯西部江巴、邦巴和雄巴岩体的锆石U-Pb年代学与Hf同位素地球化学

对青藏高原冈底斯带西部中生代花岗岩的研究依然十分有限。本文选择青藏高原冈底斯带西部狮泉河-革吉-雄巴地区的三个花岗岩基进行了锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年和锆石Hf同位素分析,并探讨了中冈底斯带中侏罗世-早白垩世花岗岩的分布特征及其揭示的地壳基底的属性。定年结果表明,江巴岩体花岗闪长岩年龄为170±3Ma,雄巴岩体碱长花岗岩年龄为149±3Ma,它们形成于中晚侏罗世;邦巴岩体寄主岩石正长花岗岩和其中的石英二长闪长岩包体年龄分别为144±3Ma和133±3Ma,形成于早白垩世。锆石Hf同位素和地壳模式年龄结果表明,中晚侏罗世的江巴岩体(εHf(t)为-16.8～-13.4,Hf同位素地壳模式年龄为2.1～2.3Ga)与雄巴碱长花岗岩(-11.3～-6.2和1.6～2.0Ga)具有富集的Hf同位素特征,显示了新元古界的地壳基底年龄。邦巴正长花岗岩(-4～-0.8和1.2～1.5Ga)与其中的闪长质包体(-2.8～+0.6和1.2～1.4Ga)具有一致的Hf同位素特征,显示了岩浆混合作用。本文花岗岩定年与Hf同位素结果进一步揭示出中冈底斯带存在未出露地表的古元古代地壳基底。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.