SOFTWARE REVIEWS

Software Reviews are in this Article CCS Designer Version 3.0. CoStat Version 3.03; CoPlot Version 1.03, and CoDraw Version 1.03. LASERCAD Version 5.0. 1988. SPSS/PC + Studentware. 1988. SURVEY SYSTEM 1.1C , Version 3.0. THEMAPS Version 1.0.     

SOFTWARE REVIEWS

Data Desk 3.0 1990 . GISTARS. 1990 . Wayne L. Myers, Codirector Microcase Analysis System , Version 2.1, 1990. PAMAP , Version 2.22. US-GEO-GRAPHICS, Version CGA, EGA. 1987.     

SOFTWARE REVIEWS

ANOTA–Analysis of Tables (Version 3.0) askSam (Version 4.1). ATLAS DRAW. CRUNCH (Version 3.1). THE MAP COLLECTION (Educational Version 1.25).     

SOFTWARE REVIEWS

ATLAS*GRAPHICS (Version 3.0). Auto CAD (Release 9.0 with ADE+1, ADE+2 and ADE+3). Auto Sketch (Speed Enhanced Version 1.02). NUMERICAL RECIPES FORTRAN. Numerical Recipes Software SCIPLOT .     

SOFTWARE REVIEWS

ATLAS*GIS , Version 1.0. ATLAS*MapMaker , Version 4.0. FIVFIV-SINSIN , Release 9.0. Geo-EAS , Version 1.2.1. Evan Englund Sim City , Version 1.0 Statistix , Version 3.1.     

A Franco-American Geographical Encounter

ATLAS?GRAPHICS (Version 3.0).

AutoCAD (Release 9.0 with ADE+1, ADE+2 and ADE+3).

AutoSketch (Speed Enhanced Version 1.02).

NUMERICAL RECIPES FORTRAN. Numerical Recipes Software

SCIPLOT.     

SOFTWARE REVIEWS

GISTutor (GIST!) – The Geographical Information Systems Tutor , Version 1.03. IDRISI , Version 3.1. Minitab DOS , Release 7.2. SL-MICRO, Statistical Language for Microcomputer. 1989. StatXact , Beta Test, Version 1.0. 1989.     

SOFTWARE REVIEWS

Software Reviews are in this Article Beagle Graphics. Mark Simonsen IDRISI , Version 2.24. 1988. Population Pyramids , Version 1.0. 1986. TurboCAD , Version 1.52. 1988.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Geographic Software Reviewed in this article: LIFE TABLES and the LESLIE MATRIX. CONDUIT MENTMAP2 . Lawrence W. Carstensen Jr . PC-MATLAB , Version 1.0. The Math Works, Inc. QUICKMAP , version 1.0. Sammamish Data Systems, Inc. SYSTAT: THE SYSTEM FOR STATISTICS , Version 2.1, Systat Inc. USA DISPLAY . Instant Tecall     

SOFTWARE REVIEWS

Graphical Aids for Stochastic Processes. Bob Fisch and David Griffeath, Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole LANDSAT , Version 4.3. macGIS, Version 0.95. 1989. Simulating Central Place Structures (Version 1.0). Daniel A. Griffith STRUCTURE V4.0. Ronald Burt     

THE GEOGRAPHY OF MASTODON EXTINCTION

Geographic Software Reviewed in this article:

LIFE TABLES and the LESLIE MATRIX. CONDUIT

MENTMAP2. Lawrence W. Carstensen Jr.

PC-MATLAB, Version 1.0. The Math Works, Inc.

QUICKMAP, version 1.0. Sammamish Data Systems, Inc.

SYSTAT: THE SYSTEM FOR STATISTICS, Version 2.1, Systat Inc.

USA DISPLAY. Instant Tecall     

石羊河下游民勤绿洲地下水矿化度的时空变异

结合地理信息系统,运用地统计学方法研究石羊河下游民勤绿洲近15年来的地下水矿化度的时空变异规律及其与土地利用变化的关系。结果表明:(1)在1987年和2001年的两个时期地下水矿化度的实验变异函数值与理论变异函数拟合较好,F检验达到极显著水平;(2)地下水矿化度在4km以下小尺度上的随机变异SHR特别小,而在4～40km的中尺度上的结构性变异SHA达99.9%,可以认为研究区域内地下水矿化度在整个尺度上具有恒定的变异;(3)Kriging插值及其与同期的绿洲景观类型图进行叠加运算表明,在变化趋势上,除坝区东南部略有下降外,整个绿洲地下水矿化度都增大,北部湖区最显著;在变化面积上,地下水矿化度在3.0g/L以下的面积从1987年的75.26%降到了2001年的58.54%;而其>4.5g/L的绿洲主要集中在湖区。地下水矿化度较低区域的耕地面积减少,而地下水矿化度3.0g/L以上的耕地面积从7.03%增加到了14.32%,特别是湖区,地下水的矿化已严重威胁到了耕地的存在。     

SOFTWARE REVIEWS

Electromap World Atlas , Version 1.1. Interactive Population Statistical System , Version 1.0. Jerry W. Wicks and Jose Luiz Pereira de Almeida MATHCAD , Version 2.5. Memory Mate. Micro DEM +, Version 5.21. Peter Guth NCSS – Number Cruncher Statistical System , Version 5.02. Dr. Jerry L. Hintze     

利用地球重力场模型确定南极大地水准面

利用我国最新地球重力场模型 WDM94,给出了南极 (纬度范围为 - 60°～ - 90°)大地水准面高和平均空间重力异常。为了全面总结分析南极大地水准面特征 ,收集了国外最新地球重力场模型 OSU91 ( 360阶次 )和 JGMOSU( 360阶次 ) ,计算了相应的大地水准面高和平均重力异常。其结果分别与 WDM94的结果作了比较 ,WDM94与 OSU91和 JGMOSU的大地水准面高标准差分别为± 1 .90 m和± 2 .0 9m,平均空间重力异常标准差分别为± 8.97mgal和± 9.32 mgal     

冰芯中MSA迁移假说的延伸和完善

MSA在冰芯深层的“迁移”现象的存在 ,关系到能否应用大气中 MSA季节特征进行极地冰芯断代 ,并以冰芯分析结果确定大气中生物硫化物含量的方法基础。本文展示各类最有代表性的冰雪 MSA剖面 ,对提出冰芯深层 MSA“迁移假说”的理论依据进行探讨 ,并根据最新资料 ,说明冰川中 MSA的“迁移”和重新分布 ,在表层粒雪和渗浸 -冻结冰层中同样可能发生。对“迁移假说”的延伸补充在于 ,粒雪中的 MSA迁移是在积雪中空气与外界贯通的“开放”条件下进行的 ,渗入雪层中的融水将 MSA溶出后 ,在晶粒间宏观向下输送 ,在阳离子集中的层位发生反应 ,生成盐类冰点的改变使之发生“冻结”,重新分布。而渗浸 -冻结冰层中的迁移机制可能和深层冰川冰中的情况接近 ,即在气体与外界隔绝条件下 ,主要在“封闭”的晶间脉状纹理中以“微观”形式进行。南极半岛 MSA迁移过程需要很长时间 ,而表层渗浸 -冻结冰层中 MSA迁移过程很快出现 ,说明冰中脉状纹理的加快形成、较高冰川温度和冰层中的较大含水量等因素会对 MSA“迁移”进程起促进作用。最后 ,对 MSA“迁移”情况下 ,如何进行有关冰芯 MSA计算进行了讨论 ,对设计实验验证并完善迁移理论提出了设想。     

Application of Radial Basis Functional Link Networks to Exploration for Proterozoic Mineral Deposits in Central Iran

The metallogeny of Central Iran is characterized mainly by the presence of several iron, apatite, and uranium deposits of Proterozoic age. Radial Basis Function Link Networks (RBFLN) were used as a data-driven method for GIS-based predictive mapping of Proterozoic mineralization in this area. To generate the input data for RBFLN, the evidential maps comprising stratigraphic, structural, geophysical, and geochemical data were used. Fifty-eight deposits and 58 ‘nondeposits’ were used to train the network. The operations for the application of neural networks employed in this study involve both multiclass and binary representation of evidential maps. Running RBFLN on different input data showed that an increase in the number of evidential maps and classes leads to a larger classification sum of squared error (SSE). As a whole, an increase in the number of iterations resulted in the improvement of training SSE. The results of applying RBFLN showed that a successful classification depends on the existence of spatially well distributed deposits and nondeposits throughout the study area. An erratum to this article can be found at     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: ADD A STAT, Version 2.0 MULTIFIT, Version 2.0 CITY AND COUNTY DATA BOOK, 1983 Files on Diskettes. FUTPOP. CPSS/PC, Version 2. SOURCE ZIP and SOURCE TRACT STATPLAN 111 ySTAT.     

Promoting Local Growth: Process,Practice, and Policy

Electromap World Atlas, Version 1.1.

Interactive Population Statistical System, Version 1.0. Jerry W. Wicks and Jose Luiz Pereira de Almeida

MATHCAD, Version 2.5.

Memory Mate.

Micro DEM+, Version 5.21. Peter Guth

NCSS – Number Cruncher Statistical System, Version 5.02. Dr. Jerry L. Hintze     

Structure and contents of a new geomorphological GIS database linked to a geomorphological map — With an example from Liden, central Sweden

This paper presents the structure and contents of a standardised geomorphological GIS database that stores comprehensive scientific geomorphological data and constitutes the basis for processing and extracting spatial thematic data. The geodatabase contains spatial information on morphography/morphometry, hydrography, lithology, genesis, processes and age. A unique characteristic of the GIS geodatabase is that it is constructed in parallel with a new comprehensive geomorphological mapping system designed with GIS applications in mind. This close coupling enables easy digitalisation of the information from the geomorphological map into the GIS database for use in both scientific and practical applications. The selected platform, in which the geomorphological vector, raster and tabular data are stored, is the ESRI Personal geodatabase. Additional data such as an image of the original geomorphological map, DEMs or aerial orthographic images are also included in the database. The structure of the geomorphological database presented in this paper is exemplified for a study site around Liden, central Sweden.     

Current shortcomings of global mapping and the creation of a new geographical framework for the world

The vast bulk of topographic mapping - the geographical framework used to underpin many activities of the state and of business - has been created and is maintained to national standards. As a consequence, what is available differs greatly from country to country. Yet there is a range of needs for globally-consistent map information. Such needs have long been recognized: the International Map of the World was an attempt to meet them. A multiplicity of factors has constrained the National Mapping Organizations from meeting this aim. However, new technologies have enhanced our capacity to create a geographical framework almost anywhere in the world. Using such technologies, commercial and other non-commercial bodies (e.g. the US military and its counterparts within NATO) have begun to produce wide-area geographical information. This paper describes the nature of the need for global mapping, the players involved and the drivers and obstacles to progress. It proposes a rapid way to enhance the current situation through public/private sector partnerships based on a combination of skills, information assets and resources. If implemented, this could lead to global coverage of a framework derived from 1:25000 scale mapping within about two years.