强震及工程震害数据库网站系统研究与实现

在调研国际上相关网站的基础上提出强震及工程震害数据库网站系统建设的总体设计方案，WEB数据库的数据结构和存档结构设计、Web数据库系统软硬件配置、Web数据库访问方法研究、检索技术研究及功能设计；在此基础上利用ASP技术建立强震及工程震害数据库网站；介绍该系统网站界面、系统维护、数据处理、地理信息系统；并对网络安全管理措施进行讨论。     

新疆强震台网建设

强震观测是以仪器为手段,取得地震时地面和建筑振动特征的第一手资料,研究地震波对结构物破坏机理和规律,也是研究强震影响场地面运动的衰减规律和震源机制的重要手段。 记录资料可为地震烈度和工程抗震设计,抗震措施等震害预测提供定量数据和理论依据,是地震工程和近场地震学的基础工作之一。 强震观测在国际上开展较早,始于三十年代初,我国强震观测起步较晚,始于六十年代初,自强震仪问世五十多年以来,强震观测在推动地震工程理论和实践、促进近场地震学的形成和发展过程中起着巨大作用。 新疆强震观测是1980年初开始筹备,前几年开展了直接为工程项目服务工作,以及核爆地震效应观测。     

昆明盘龙江江岸对震害的影响

如果在昆明及其附近地区发生强烈的破坏性地震,当地震波传播到盘龙江江岸这一特定的场地条件时,对震害会产生怎样的影响?本文根据在强震考察中看到的一些河岸破坏的情况和对盘龙江江岸地区的一些工程水文地质资料及局部地区脉动观测结果分析指出:(1)强震时江岸地区易发生地裂,地陷和塌方等地基失效现象而加大震害。(2)由于江岸地区的土层含有饱和的砂土层,强震时易引起砂土液化导致地基失效而加大震害。(3)由于江岸地形的影响,强震时对振动起放大作用而加大震害。所以在昆明的城市规划建设中,盘龙江两岸在离岸边30米内最好不要建筑任何结构物,以免在强震时造成严重的破坏。     

昆明市区地震震害的不均匀分布特点及其重复性

本文以澜沧耿马地震时昆明震害调查资料为基础,结合地震史料,研究了昆明市区震害的不均匀分布,烈度有两度的差别。相对高烈度区与历史强震破坏的重震害点大部分重合。据此分析了震害重复特点及其与地质构造和沉积盖层的关系。本文可用于研究昆明市区及邻区强震对市区可能造成震害的大致分布,为震害预测、防震抗震和城市规划提供一些依据。     

"强震及地震工程震害资料基础数据库"项目成果介绍

本文详细介绍了“强震及地震工程震害资料基础数据库”项目的立项背景、目标、所开展的主要工作、取得的成果、研究成果的社会效益和对该领域研究未来工作的展望。     

河北省自然震害特点及其预测

考察了历史地震震害特点,认为自然震害多受自然条件控制,对震害类型起定性作用的是地质地貌条件,地质因素只影响震害的程度。因此,可望在烈度区划的基础上,利用地貌与震害关系的研究成果,对强震的自然震害进行宏观预测。总结了河北省历史上遭遇强震影响所出现的自然震害特点,对全省各地貌单元可能出现的震害进行了宏观预测。在此基础上考虑到工程对场地的要求,将全省区划为四类场地,即无震害或汉有轻微震害的A类场地;场地条件好,但烈度区划高,或者场地条件差,但烈度区划低震害轻的B类场地;可产生各类较重震害的C类场地;以及场地条件差,烈度区划高,可产生严重震害的D类场地。     

宁洱6.4级地震城市工程震害调查

本文根据2007年6月3日发生的云南省宁洱6.4级地震现场调查结果,简要分析了此次地震记录到的强震加速度记录及其与工程结构震害的关系,简要描述并总结分析了调查获得的各类城市工程结构、非结构附属物及设备等的部分震害状况及原因,并针对性的给出了提高其抗震性能的建议,探讨提出了需要进一步深入研究的问题。     

地下核爆近场局部地形效应

讨论了在＂８７０３＂工程中地形局部效应强震台阵的记录结果，认为地形差异引起的地面运动参数的放大和频谱特征的变化是使震害（感）加大的重要原因，并对产生的原因做了讨论。     

汶川地震强震动记录分析及应用

地震工程的研究手段主要包括:震害调查、强震观测、模型试验和数值分析.由于大地震本身较少,同时造成严重震害并且获得强震动记录的大地震就更少,一般的研究就更多地集中在利用模型试验和数值分析方面,而基于震害调查和强震观测的研究较少,在国内这一点更为突出,我国虽然是一个遭受地震灾害非常严重并且对地震进行记录和研究最早的国家,但是,在汶川地震之前近断层强震动记录一直非常匮乏.     

江苏省地震工程研究院

江苏省地震工程研究院是江苏省地震局直属事业法人单位，承担江苏省及邻近地区的地震中长期预报、强震监测台网建设与监测，震后现场调查与震害评估，具有建设工程场地地震安全性评价（甲级）、基桩检测、振动测试、地质测试、工程地球物理和地球化学勘查、计算机技术的研究与应用、隔震技术的研究与开发等多项资质，     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Solute concentrations in the lower niger river and the source rock contribution

Water quality analyses for the Niger River for the 1980/81 hydrological year are presented. The samples were collected from the main river at Lokoja, and from two main tributaries, the Kaduna and the Benue Rivers. Different water types were distinguished by the concentrations of major ions. The type Ca > Na > Mg > K - HCO₃ > SO₄ > Cl was represented at all stations during at least part of the year. Chloride was found to dominate the sulphate ion in the Kaduna and Niger, while the Benue maintained a higher concentration of sulphate relative to chloride all year round. Distinct patterns of seasonal variation in the ion concentrations were observed, particularly for the samples collected at Lokoja. Low ion concentrations were prominent during periods of high discharge, while low flow periods coincided with high dissolved ion concentrations. The contribution of rainwater to the total dissolved solids in the river waters was assessed indirectly using rainwater chemistry data from the Gulf of Guinea. The estimated rainwater contribution to the Lower Niger amounts to 5.15 mg 1^?1. Geochemical weathering calculations involving reactions of the four major minerals of granitic rocks - anorthite, biotite, albite, and K-feldspar - with carbon dioxide and water, can account for the average water composition of the Lower Niger. The proportion of the ionic components was also related to the occurrence of the respective element in the minerals.