无机砷As(Ⅲ、Ⅴ)对牟氏角毛藻生长、叶绿素荧光特性及基因组DNA甲基化水平的影响

以AsO2-和HAsO42-分别暴露处理牟氏角毛藻(Chaetocerosmulleri)研究As(Ⅲ、V)毒性作用,As(Ⅲ)浓度梯度为0、10、50、100、300和500 μmol/L,As(V)浓度梯度为0、30、60、120、300和600 μmol/L,分别在第1、3、7d取样,研究不同浓度的As(Ⅲ、V)...     

Rare earth elements in bottom sediments of major rivers around the Yellow Sea: implications for sediment provenance

Rare earth elements (REEs) of 91 fine-grained bottom sediment samples from five major rivers in Korea (the Han, Keum, and Yeongsan) and China (the Changjiang and Huanghe) were studied to investigate their potential as source indicator for Yellow Sea shelf sediments, this being the first synthetic report on REE trends for bottom sediments of these rivers. The results show distinct differences in REE contents and their upper continental crust (UCC)-normalized patterns: compared to heavy rare earth elements (HREEs), light rare earth elements (LREEs) are highly enriched in Korean river sediments, in contrast to Chinese river sediments that have a characteristic positive Eu anomaly. This phenomenon is observed also in primary source rocks within the river catchments. This suggests that source rock composition is the primary control on the REE signatures of these river sediments, due largely to variations in the levels of chlorite and monazite, which are more abundant in Korean bottom river sediments. Systematic variations in ΣLREE/ΣHREE ratios, and in (La/Yb)–(Gd/Yb)_UCC but also (La/Lu)–(La/Y)_UCC and (La/Y)–(Gd/Lu)_UCC relations have the greatest discriminatory power. These findings are consistent with, but considerably expand on the limited datasets available to date for suspended sediments. Evidently, the REE fingerprints of these river sediments can serve as a useful diagnostic tool for tracing the provenance of sediments in the Yellow Sea, and for reconstructing their dispersal patterns and the circulation system of the modern shelf, as well as the paleoenvironmental record of this and adjoining marginal seas.     

冲绳海槽中段沉积物物源识别及其热液活动指示

冲绳海槽中段热液活动区表层沉积物的主、微量和稀土元素分析结果表明:区内沉积物主要由陆源物质与热液源物质组分组成,Hg、Au、Sb、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ba、As、Fe和Co等微量元素富集;沉积物的化学风化程度中等,A-CN-K图解表明其暂未受到钾交代影响,且其母岩成分接近花岗闪长岩;北美页岩标准化稀土配分模式曲线整体较为平坦,轻重稀土分馏较弱,部分样品具有与热液流体类似的明显正铕异常.受热液活动影响,部分沉积物中的Fe、Cu、As、Pb和Zn显著富集,结合样品所处站位,整体显示含金属沉积物-过渡沉积物-正常沉积物的空间分配模式.结合(La/Sm)N、(La/Yb)N比值指示区内沉积物的陆源物质主要来自于黄河与台湾岛河流.     

稀土对球等鞭金藻生长的影响

于１９９５年８－１２月,利用单因子实验法,首次研究了混合稀土对球等鞭金藻（Ｉｓｏｃｈｒｙｓｉｓｇａｌｂａｎａ）生长繁殖的影响,结果表明,海水中稀土最佳浓度范围为１．６６－６．６０ｍｇ／Ｌ,细胞浓度和叶绿素含量分别提高１１．６％－２３．２％和１９．９％－４５．２％混合稀土加入浓度高于９．９ｍｇ／Ｌ对球等鞭金藻的生产产生抑制作用,稀土对球等鞭金藻生长的促进作用与其他营养盐类浓度有关,当细胞处于指数生长     

Rare earth element fingerprints in Korean coastal bay sediments: Association with provenance discrimination

Rare earth elements (REEs: La-Lu) in surface sediments collected from the mouth and middle tidal flats of Gomso Bay, South Korea, in August 2011 and May 2012 were analyzed to investigate the fine-grained sediment provenance. The upper continental crust (UCC)-normalized light REEs (LREEs: La to Nd) were more enriched than the middle REEs (MREEs: Sm to Dy) and heavy REEs (HREEs: Ho to Lu), resulting in large (La/Yb)_UCC (1.9 ± 0.4) to (Gd/Yb)_UCC (1.4 ± 0.2) ratios. The monthly (La/Yb)_UCC values differed between the mouth and middle tidal flats due to deposition of fine-grained sediments that originated from distant rivers (the Geum and Yeongsan) and the Jujin Stream, located on the southern shore of the inner bay. We observed relative reductions in the (La/Yb)_UCC value and REE content in the sediments from the mouth of the bay compared with those from Jujin Stream sediments. Confined to the middle tidal flat around the KH Line of Jujin Stream, the sediments, most enriched in LREEs but depleted in Eu, were distributed in August as strong Jujin Stream runs. Here, we suggest that an increase in LREE/HREE and decrease in MREE/LREE ratios can be used as a proxy to identify the Jujin Stream provenance in mixed riverine sediments and to trace Jujin Stream sediments within the Gomso Bay tidal flat, especially in the summer rainy season.     

海藻中稀土元素的初步研究

于１９９６年３月地岛海区采集了８种常见海藻,采用中子活化法（ＰＣＡ－Ⅱ／ＮＡＡ）测定了其中的Ｌａ、Ｓｍ、Ｃｅ、Ｅｕ、Ｌｕ、Ｎｄ、Ｓｃ、Ｙｂ等８种稀土元素的总含量及其水溶性成分的比例,并与国外报道的相关数据作了比较。结果表明,海藻中含有比陆地植物丰富得多的稀土元素,绿藻中的石莼,刺松藻含量最丰,     

马来半岛彭亨河和吉兰丹河沉积物稀土元素特征及其物源示踪

通过对马来半岛东部彭亨河28个站位和吉兰丹河22个站位表层沉积物进行稀土元素（REE）测试,对比分析了稀土元素的组成特征和分布规律,探讨了稀土元素组成的控制因素和物源示踪意义。结果表明,彭亨河沉积物稀土元素含量介于24.88～304.29 μg/g之间,平均含量为165.22 μg/g,吉兰丹河沉积物中稀土元素含量介于126.02～281.40 μg/g之间,平均值为181.15 μg/g。彭亨河大部分沉积物上陆壳(UCC)标准化模式为重稀土相对轻稀土富集,吉兰丹河沉积物轻重稀土无明显分异。沉积物源岩和矿物组成对两条河流的REE组成起到了重要的控制作用,化学风化对彭亨河REE组成的影响大于吉兰丹河,而彭亨河沉积物粒度组成显著差异也导致了其REE含量变化范围更大。δEu_UCC-(Gd/Yb)_UCC关系图中彭亨河和吉兰丹河沉积物分区明显,表明其可作为定性判别两条河流来源的有效指标,并可用于海区沉积物来源的示踪和定量识别。     

Distribution of yttrium and rare earths in Florida Bay sediments

The distribution of yttrium and rare earth elements (YREEs) in surface sediments was measured on samples collected from 40 stations in Florida Bay (June 2000 and February 2001). Florida Bay is the largest shallow carbonate estuary in South Florida with nearly pristine conditions. It receives fresh waters from some rivers and several canals from the Everglades which contribute rare earth elements and metals to the Bay. This paper is the first extensive study of YREEs in Florida Bay. Concentrations of YREEs (Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu) were determined by ICP-MS. The YREEs show a similar distribution pattern for the two months studied. The maximum concentrations were found in the western and north-central zones (near the Everglades) and the minimum concentrations were found in the south-central zone near the Florida Keys. The pattern of YREEs in Florida Bay sediments correlated strongly with those in the North American Shale Composite, indicating a dominant crustal source for these elements. However, the REE concentrations in Florida Bay sediments are depleted with respect to NASC. All REEs exhibited a strong correlation with Fe and Al from continental input and river runoff from the Everglades. The heavy REEs and Y showed a strong correlation with Al (R² > 0.84). The light and medium REEs showed a strong correlation with Fe (R² > 0.9). Correlations of all the YREEs with Mn were slightly lower (R²  0.7–0.75). The concentration of all the YREEs, Al and Fe are dependent on the bottom types and zones in the Bay, except Mn which decreases as it moves from the land to the sea.     

黄河、辽河和鸭绿江沉积角闪石矿物化学特征对比及物源识别

通过提取黄河、辽河和鸭绿江表层沉积物中的碎屑矿物角闪石,对单矿物采用电子探针,对群体角闪石采用ICP-MS和ICP-AES分析其常量元素及微量元素组成。结果表明:角闪石单矿物主成分在一定范围内有较大变化,都具有高Si、Ca、Mg和低Na、K的特征;3条河流的角闪石晶体化学都归属钙角闪石组,半数以上矿物种为镁角闪石;角闪石群体矿物化学显示黄河角闪石的稀土元素浓度明显高于黄土和黄河全岩沉积物,而且重稀土比轻稀土更富集,说明角闪石是黄河和黄土沉积物稀土元素的主要载体之一,角闪石含量变化会对全岩样品稀土元素含量造成重要影响。微量元素特征显示新旧黄河样品间差别很小,与其同一来源物质的事实相符。虽然黄河、辽河和鸭绿江河流样品角闪石主成分相近,但微量元素方面(元素含量、元素含量对比值及特征值)显示较明显不同,样品间多种数值指标相对偏差在20%以上,可作为物源识别的判别标志,如微量元素Ba、Li、Rb、Cs、Ta、Tl、Pb、La、Ce、Pr、Nd等含量的差异,元素对比值c(La)/c(Y)、c(Sr)/c(Rb)、c(Zn)/c(Cu)、c(Gd)/c(Cd)、c(Li)/c(Be)、c(Rb)/c(Cs)、c(Sr)/c(Ba)、c(Hf)/c(Ta)、c(Pb)/c(Bi)等的差异;特征值∑c(REE)、Σc(LREE)、∑c(HREE)、∑c(LREE)/∑c(HREE)、[c(La)/c(Lu)]N、[c(La)/c(Yb)]N、[c(La)/c(Sm)]N等的差异。     

超声辐射对牟氏角毛藻的生物效应研究

设计了一个超声频率，超声功率和辐射时间3因素4水平的正交实验，研究超声辐射对牟氏角毛藻的生物效应。实验结果表明，超声频率对牟氏角毛藻的生物效应显著，而超声功率的辐射时间的影响相对较小，在正交实验所确定的最佳超声辐射条件下，牟氏角毛藻生长速率常数最高可达0．348d^-1，是对照组的1．78倍，并脂肪酸不饱和度最高可达68．4％，比对照组提高5．2％，主要不饱和脂肪酸的百分含量均可得到不同程度的提高。     

南沙群岛珊瑚礁生态系中稀士元素的垂直转移过程研究

海洋沉积物中稀土元素的分布、转移行为已有许多报道。地球环境中稀土元素的行为是当今地学研究的热门课题,稀土元素的分布特性和转移行为研究与环境有极大的相关性,通过研究环境中稀土元素的转移行为就可了解环境演变的信息,所以海洋环境中稀土元素的研究具有重要的意义(Fleet,1984; Piper,1974; Schijf et al.1995;赵一阳等,1994;王中刚等,1989;张丽洁等,1995)。海洋中颗粒物质垂直转移过程研究对研究海洋在全球变化(特别是全球气候变化)中有重要意义,但目前的研究仅集中于以碳为核心的生源要素和某些微量元素(宋金明等,1996;宋金明,1997),至今稀土元素在海水中垂直转移过程研究尚未见报道。珊瑚礁生态系是最重要的海洋生态系之一,研究珊瑚礁生态系中稀土元素的垂直通量,即热带海域稀土元素在海水中垂直转移过程,继而椎测对全球气候变化的影响,为研究海洋在全球气候变化中的作用提供了新课题。 本文首次报道用沉积物捕捉器(ST)收集南沙珊瑚礁潟湖中颗粒物质,研究稀土元素的垂直通量和不同形态稀土的垂直通量,以及稀土元素垂直转移的控制因素。     

九龙江河口区稀土元素地球化学特征

用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）对2007年10月航次采集的九龙江河口区溶解态、悬浮颗粒态、沉积物样品中的稀土元素（REEs）进行了测定,对REEs的地球化学特征进行研究.结果表明,REEs在各相态中的含量范围如下：溶解态的为0.1 ng/dm^3（Eu）～1.96μg/dm^3（Ce）,悬浮颗粒态的为0.28（Tm）～142.83（Ce）mg/kg,沉积物的为0.25（Tm）～99.65（Ce）mg/kg;溶解态、悬浮颗粒态及沉积物中REEs球粒陨石标准化配分曲线均表现为负斜率型,九龙江河口为LREE相对HREE富集型河口.九龙江河口溶解态、悬浮颗粒态、沉积物三相态中REEs含量受流域土壤、地表径流等源区因素影响较大.Ce异常值在各相态中表现为负异常.     

Geochemistry of rare earth elements in the dissolved,acid-soluble and residual phases in surface waters of the Changjiang Estuary

The concentrations of rare earth elements in the dissolved, acid-soluble and residual phases in surface waters of the Changjiang Estuary were determined using ICP-MS. The main purposes of the study are to understand the estuarine geochemistry of rare earth elements and to explore water-particle interactions in the Changjiang estuarine mixing zone. The results show that there are two distinct processes operating on dissolved rare earth elements in the estuary: large scale removal at low salinities due to salt-induced coagulation and remarkable release at mid to high salinities. These processes result in modification of the effective river water flux and the systematical fractionation of the dissolved rare earth elements toward the East China Sea. The increase in concentration of dissolved rare earth elements in the mid to high salinity waters of the Changjiang Estuary suggests a sediment source in the mixing zone of the estuary, which is located over a shallow, broad shelf where there is extensive physical contact between bottom sediment and estuarine waters. Acid-soluble rare earth elements, the concentrations of which also dropped sharply in the low salinity region, appear to be controlled by salt-induced coagulation process and intense deposition of suspended particulate matter in the low salinity region. In the mid to high salinities, all acid-soluble rare earth element concentrations increase slightly with increasing salinity, suggesting that resuspension of sediments occurred. In contrast, the residual rare earth element concentrations are relatively constant with salinity variation in the Changjiang estuarine surface waters.     

Multielement Analysis of Deep Sea Ferromanganese Nodules by ICP-MS

Deep-sea ferromanganese nodules were dissolved by HNO 3 -HF-HClO in a sealed container at low pressure; HF was evaporated in an open container and salts were dissolved in HCl by heating, then transferred to a 2% HNO 3 solution. Forty-one elements including Li, Be, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Cd, In, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th and U, were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Conditions and sample experiments showed that this procedure is a good experimental method with the characteristics of correct principle, clear interference, easy operation, and reliable results. The concentrations of the 41 elements could be used for resource exploration, environmental assessment, and academic research.     

黄河口新生湿地沉积物中的金属元素及其环境指示意义

通过对黄河口新生湿地沉积物岩芯中常量元素、稀土元素以及重金属分布特征的研究,探讨了滨海湿地沉积物中金属元素的环境指示意义。结果表明,大部分金属元素的分布模式类似,均在40 cm左右出现明显的低值区,这主要是由黄河携带而来的大量陆源物质的输入造成的。沉积物粒度组成以及有机质含量对金属元素的分布影响显著。常量元素中,Na₂O与其他元素变化趋势相反,反应了潮汐对滨海湿地的侵蚀作用;黄河口新生湿地沉积物单个稀土元素的含量大小顺序与黄河沉积物和渤海沉积物基本一致,稀土元素总量则高于黄河沉积物而低于渤海沉积物,表明黄河口湿地沉积物具有河流泥沙和海水颗粒物双重来源,而轻重分异比的变化则反映了物质输入的改变;而在较高的有机质和粘土含量的影响下,黄河口新生湿地沉积物中重金属发生了明显的富集。     

Accumulation of Chemical Elements in the Dominant Species of Copepods in the Ob Estuary and the Adjacent Shelf of the Kara Sea

Studies were carried out in the Ob River estuary and at the adjacent shelf of the Kara Sea. The concentrations of organic carbon, lipids, major elements (Na, Mg, P, S, K, and Ca), trace elements (Li, Be, B, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Cs, Ba, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, and U), and rare-earth elements (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) were determined in the dominant species of mesozooplankton (Senecella siberica, Limnocalanus macrurus, and Calanus spp.). The similarities and differences are shown for the chemical compositions of the specimens. Calanus spp. are characterized by a large Li accumulation with concentrations ~350 times higher than those in S. siberica and L. macrurus. The total accumulation of chemical elements per unit volume is higher in L. macrurus than in S. siberica and Calanus spp., amounting to 6.63, 0.69, and 0.41 mg, respectively. The intensity of biological accumulation and the spatial disposition of the area of maximum accumulation of elements in the zooplankton community within the boundaries of the Ob River estuary depend on the hydrophysical conditions. Postmortem variations in the concentrations of chemical elements in dead L. macrurus are characterized by a multidirectional nature. The revealed distinctions of the chemical compositions in live and dead L. macrurus represent the features of lifetime and postmortem concentrations of elements.     

Ionic potential correlations with chemical processes of rare earths in the sea

Linear relationships are deduced between Ionic Potential (IP, charge/radius) of rare earth elements and their enthalpies of hydration, concentrations in some marine phases and their residence times in seawater. These relationships strongly suggest the dependence of the chemical behaviour of rare earth elements on their IP values in seawater. Empirical relations are found among various parameters considered.     

Settlement and metamorphosis of Styela canopus Savigny larvae in response to some neurotransmitters and thyroxin

1IntroductionAs importantsteps in the life cycles of mostma-rine benthos,settlement and metamorphosis of theirplanktonic larvae influence directly the populationdistribution and fluctuation of benthos.Research onlarval settlement and metamorphosis of mari…     

广东近岸海湾表层沉积物的稀土元素特征及其物源示踪

本文对广东省近岸10个典型海湾的表层沉积物进行了系统的稀土元素(rare earth elements,REE)测试和分析,以期发现沉积物的物源组成特征及其控制因素。研究结果表明,同一海湾内沉积物的稀土丰度差异不明显,但不同海湾之间具有一定的差别(133.58—251.77mg.kg 1)。球粒陨石标准化配分曲线表现出轻稀土(La到Eu)富集、重稀土(Gd到Lu)亏损、δEu负异常等典型的陆源沉积物特征;PAAS(Post-Archean Australian Shale)标准化配分模式显示出明显的中稀土(Sm到Ho)富集特征,与已报道的国内河流沉积物REE特征相似。海湾沉积物与入海河流沉积物及流域内的原岩组成特征的比较说明,后者对海湾沉积物的控制作用明显。REE配分曲线的一致性和中稀土富集特征表明海湾沉积物主要来自汇入海湾的山溪及河流输入的沉积物。     

去除有机质前后海底沉积物对稀土元素吸附能力的变化研究

为更好地了解有机质对沉积物吸附稀土元素能力的影响,对珠江口和南海沉积物在去除有机质之前和之后进行了稀土元素吸附实验研究。结果表明,同一种沉积物在去除有机质前后对稀土元素的吸附呈现基本相同的规律,只是吸附量有所不同。沉积物在去除有机质之后对稀土离子的吸附能力比去除有机质之前大大降低;沉积物对各种稀土元素吸附量降低的百分比为:珠江口沉积物对Yb的吸附量减少了47.24%,对La的吸附量减少了75.50%,对其它元素的吸附量减少介于47.24%—75.50%之间;南海沉积物对Sm的吸附量减少了35.93%,对Ho的吸附量减少了45.41%,对其它元素的吸附量减少介于35.93%—45.41%之间。