Approximation of wave forces on cylinder arrays

An approximate method for the estimation of wave forces on groups of fixed vertical cylinders is presented. The method is based upon a large spacing approximation and involves replacing scattered diverging waves by plane waves. The method is shown to give good results when compared with an exact method, even when the spacing is small. Some new results for a group of five cylinders are presented.     

Identification of modal parameters of a floating system from impulse motion

The modal parameters of a scale-modeled discus-shaped data buoy in heave and pitch are estimated from the experimentally measured impulse response time histories. The use of phase-time, time–frequency domains for derivation of natural frequencies and damping are demonstrated in this paper. The phase-time method is based on the Hilbert transformation, whereas, the time–frequency method is based on the continuous wavelet transformation (CWT) of the measured time histories. In addition, the conventional time and frequency domain method of modal parameter estimation is also adopted for the comparison of results. The details of the model, test procedure, analysis and results are presented in this paper. The modal parameters obtained through CWT are found to be accurate compared to that obtained from the time and frequency domain analysis.     

A multiscale analysis of nonlinear rolling

A new analysis of nonlinear rolling carried out by the multiscale perturbation method is herewith presented. The behaviour of a ship in a regular beam sea is considered and approximate analytical solutions in three nonlinear resonance regions are obtained. These concern the transient and the steady state roll oscillations. The latter fits in well with a previous one obtained through the averaging method and with the results of the numerical simulation.The obtained results appear to be particularly convenient due to their major mathematical simplicity. Moreover, they allow a simple estimation of the maximum roll amplitudes predictable for a given excitation intensity.     

Modelling of Random Waves over Submerged Breakwaters and Its Application to Reflection Estimation

1.IntroductionGreat efforts have been devoted to the protection of coastal areas over many years by erectingdikes,seawalls,groin systems,and detached breakwaters.The sea walls,jetties,detached breakwa-ters,etc.are traditionally adopted as absorbingfacilit…     

Modeling and identification of open-frame variable configurationunmanned underwater vehicles

A lumped parameter model of open-frame unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV's) including the effects of propeller-hull and propeller-propeller interactions is presented. The identification of the model parameters consists of a least squares method using only on-board sensor data without requiring any towing tank tests. The identification scheme is based on separate tests for the estimation of drag and thruster installation coefficients, taking into account propeller-hull and propeller-propeller effects first and inertia parameters subsequently. The scheme has been experimentally implemented on ROMEO, the latest UUV developed by CNR-IAN. Experimental results show both the effectiveness of the proposed method and the relevance of the propeller-hull and propeller-propeller interactions that are usually neglected in standard UUV models     

抗差Helmert方差分量估计在水下声学定位中的应用

水下声学定位观测数据中不可避免地存在粗差,随机模型解算广泛地采用等权模型,模型实现简单,但与实际不符,且不能抑制粗差影响。针对该问题,提出一种基于IGG3方案的抗差Helmert方差分量估计方法。该方法通过水深和观测距离将观测值分为两类,利用Helmert方差分量估计确定不同类观测值的权比,抗差解决了粗差导致Helmert方差分量估计模型失效的问题。实验结果表明,相比于传统解算方法,抗差Helmert方差分量估计方法可以合理确定各观测值权比,削弱粗差影响,提高水下定位精度和可靠性。     

水下目标方位估计的一种新方法

矢量传感器是一种新型水声传感器。介绍了应用矢量传感器确定目标方位的理论和方法，给出了仿真和实验研究结果，讨论了矢量传感器具体体积小、输出信号多、抗各向同性干扰等特性。最后定性地分析了目标方位的方位估值误差。     

贝叶斯统计方法在海浪方向谱研究中的应用

较详细介绍了贝叶斯统计方法在海浪方向谱估计中的应用,指出先验分布的不同对估计结果没有影响,由于均匀分布与最大熵原则相对应,使其具有某种特殊性.数值模拟表明贝叶斯方法对双峰方向分布估计的有效性,将其应用于黑海实测资料,证明双峰方向分布的出现依赖于估计方法分辨力的大小,而用最大似然法得到的双峰方向分布值得怀疑.最后给出出现双峰方向分布的一种可能物理解释.     

A Refined Method for Estimating the Annual Extreme Wave Heights at A Project Site

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病态半参数回归模型的岭估计求解

针对半参数回归模型求解过程可能出现的法方程病态问题,提出了用岭估计原则改进半参数模型的求解。通过模拟算例将岭估计解法和其他方法进行了比较,结果表明,岭估计解法能较好地解决半参数回归模型求解过程中的病态问题。     

改进的单纯形法及其在非线性参数估计中的应用

采用了改进的单纯形法,该算法利用遗传算法的变异操作来增强单纯形法的全局搜索能力,既兼顾了全局收敛性,又具有高效的局部搜索能力。并通过实例验证了该算法的优越性,以及应用于测量上的非线性最小二乘估计的可行性。     

An adjoint method for the assimilation of statistical characteristics into eddy-resolving ocean models

The study investigates perspectives of the parameter estimation problem with the adjoint method in eddy-resolving models. Sensitivity to initial conditions resulting from the chaotic nature of this type of model limits the direct application of the adjoint method by predictability. Prolonging the period of assimilation is accompanied by the appearance of an increasing number of secondary minima of the cost function that prevents the convergence of this method. In the framework of the Lorenz model it is shown that averaged quantities are suitable for describing invariant properties, and that secondary minima are for this type of data transformed into stochastic deviations. An adjoint method suitable for the assimilation of statistical characteristics of data and applicable on time scales beyond the predictability limit is presented. The approach assumes a greater predictability for averaged quantities. The adjoint to a prognostic model for statistical moments is employed for calculating cost function gradients that ignore the fine structure resulting from secondary minima. Coarse resolution versions of eddy-resolving models are used for this purpose. Identical twin experiments are performed with a quasigeostrophic model to evaluate the performance and limitations of this approach in improving models by estimating parameters. The wind stress curl is estimated from a simulated mean stream function. A very simple parameterization scheme for the assimilation of second-order moments is shown to permit the estimation of gradients that perform efficiently in minimizing cost functions.     

The CMEKF Method for Sub-Sea Pipeline Monitoring and Leak Detection

1 .IntroductionIdentificationofaleakingflowlinerepresentsaspecialchallengetoboththeoilandgasindustryandregulators .While ,historically ,thenumberofcasesofshallowwaterreleasefromflowlinesisex tremelysmall,deepwaterflowlinesoperateunderconditionsrarelyencounteredinpreviousdevelopmentschemes .Theremotenessofthedeepwaterpipeline ,coupledwithanumberofcomplexinteractionsbe tweenthereleasedfluidsandthedeepwaterenvironment,effectivelyeliminatesmostexternaldetectionmethods (Scott,1 999) .Thecauseoflea…     

Time-domain geoacoustic inversion of high-frequency chirp signal from a simple towed system

An inversion method using a towed system consisting of a source and two receivers is presented. High-frequency chirp signals that have been emitted from the source are received after multiple penetrations and reflections from the shallow water sub-bottom structure and are processed for geoacoustical parameter estimation. The data are processed such that a good resolution and robustness is achieved via matched filtering, which requires information about the source signal. The inversion is formulated as an optimization problem, which maximizes the cost function defined as a normalized correlation between the measured and modeled signals directly in the time domain. The very fast simulated reannealing optimization method is applied to the global search problem. The modeled time signal is obtained using a ray approach. An experiment was carried out in the Mediterranean Sea using a towed source and receiver system. The inversion method is applied to the experimental data and results are found to be consistent with previous frequency-domain analyses using measurements from a towed horizontal array of receivers and measurements on a vertical array.     

声相关海流剖面仪测速研究

声相关海流剖面仪(ACCP)适合深海测速,能够测得相对海底的绝对速度。文章在前人工作基础上,以声纳方程为基础,构造海底混响回波仿真模型,并对基于K irchhoff近似和利用微扰法的R ay le igh-R ice近似相结合的散射模型赋予新的物理意义,并将其应用到声相关测速仿真研究过程中,使仿真更加接近于海洋的实际环境。文章利用H ilbert变换进行包络检波来减小测速误差,并且根据接收信噪比得到了不同航速时能够达到最大底跟踪的距离,这与参考文献给出的结果是一致的。     

炮集域压制海水鸣震的τ-p变换法

利用Radon变换压制多次波的传统做法一般都是先进行叠加速度分析,然后在CMP道集上做相应滤波处理.实际资料处理中,带有多次波的速度分析难以准确地提取速度,进而造成多次波压制的效果不够理想.有别于传统的做法,本文提出的方法通过对炮集记录进行同相轴重排,运用变换域自适应切除的τ-p变换(线性Radon变换)滤波,实现了直接在炮集记录中压制海水鸣震.实际资料处理表明,该方法对于海水鸣震多次波压制是一种行之有效的方法.     

A method to determine the horizontal ice loads on the vertical steel structures which adfreeze to the ice level

In this work the estimation of the load from the ice level on freeze into the ice structure is presented. Nowadays a big uncertainty exists when estimating a freeze-in effect. Considerable inexactness in the ice loads estimation could lead to great differences in the cost of the structures. Proper estimation of ice loads will reduce the cost of constructions. If the structure is freezing-in during no change of sea level — ice collars are occurring. Ice collars could lead to increase of the horizontal ice load from the ice level on the structure. The overview of the existing recommendations is presented. The thermo-dynamical task for calculating ice collar profile was investigated during the present work. The numerical methods were used to calculate an increase of the load when freeze-in effect occurs. Physical experiments were conducted to verify the models. Results of the work provide provisional method for estimation of the ice loads on the freeze into the ice structures.     

Two adaptive algorithms for multipath time delay estimation

The problem of time delay estimation (TDE) with multipath transmissions arises often in many sonar and radar systems. Two adaptive algorithms based on a parameter estimation approach are proposed to estimate the difference in arrival times of a signal at two separated sensors in the presence of multipath propagation. The first method uses an adaptive IIR filter to eliminate the multipath signal in each transmission channel prior to applying a constrained delay estimation algorithm to extract the time difference between the two received outputs. The second employs two constrained adaptive FIR filters to perform equalization of the multipath arrivals, and time delay is then derived using a constrained delay estimator similar to that in the first method. Computer simulations are presented to compare and contrast the tracing capability and convergence behavior of these multipath TDE methods     

A voting-based approach for fast object recognition in underwateracoustic images

This paper describes a voting-based approach for the fast automatic recognition of man-made objects and related attitude estimation in underwater acoustic images generated by forward-looking sonars or acoustic cameras. In general, the continuous analysis of sequences of images is a very heavy task for human operators and this is due to the poor quality of acoustic images. Hence, algorithms able to recognize an object on the basis of a priori knowledge of the model and to estimate its attitude with reference to a global coordinate system are very useful to facilitate underwater operations like object manipulation or vehicle navigation. The proposed method is capable of recognizing objects and estimating their two-dimensional attitude by using information coming from boundary segments and their angular relations. It is based on a simple voting approach directly applied to the edge discontinuities of underwater acoustic images, whose quality is usually affected by some undesired effects such as object blurring, speckle noise, and geometrical distortions degrading the edge detection. The voting approach is robust, with respect to these effects, so that good results are obtained even with images of very poor quality. The sequences of simulated and real acoustic images are presented in order to test the validity of the proposed method in terms of average estimation error and computational load     

Processing irregular wave measurements to enhance point absorber power capture performance

The paper aims at introducing practical methods for power capture performance enhancement of a heaving wave energy converter in irregular seas. The optimum control solution requires tuning to wave frequency based on wave force information. However, identification of the wave frequency in irregular seas is considered to be a complex and difficult task. This is partly due to technical difficulties in determination of the wave force. Besides, there are no clear guidelines for identification of wave frequency from an irregular sea state based wave force information. In a typical application, one of the available sources of information about the wave properties is the wave elevation record. The proposed approach presents a method for estimation of the wave frequency information from the wave elevation data by using signal processing and filtering techniques. The proposed method uses filters to generate an estimation of wave force information, which is used to identify the local wave frequency by method of a time-series analysis of the data. This wave frequency information is then used in tuning the device. The details of the proposed techniques, the model of the wave energy converter, the simulated sea states and the related simulation results are also presented.