翡翠贻贝形态性状对软体部质量的影响

随机选择200个湛江南三岛翡翠贻贝野生个体,测量壳长(SL)、壳宽(SW)、壳高(SH)、韧带长(LL)和软体重(EW)等5个性状,计算性状间的相关系数,采用通径分析方法计算以壳性状和韧带长为自变量对软体重作依变量的通径系数、决定系数。结果表明:壳长、壳宽、壳高、韧带长与软体部质量相关极显著(P<0.01)。壳长对软体部质量的直接影响最大,壳高对软体部质量的直接影响次之;与壳长和壳高相比,壳宽、韧带长对软体部质量的直接影响较小。采用逐步回归分析方法建立了以壳长和壳高为自变量估计软体部质量的多元回归方程:YEW=-39.287+0.466XSL+0.994XSH,为翡翠贻贝选种提供了理论依据和测度指标。     

12月龄多鳞鱚形态性状对体质量的影响

【目的】研究12月龄多鳞鱚(Sillago sihama Forssk?l)形态性状与体质量之间的关系,筛选适用于选育的主要形态性状。【方法】测定12个形态性状与体质量的表型参数,通过通径分析、相关分析和多元回归分析估计主要性状对体质量的直接影响和间接影响。【结果】12月龄多鳞鱚13个性状之间的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。通径分析表明,体高(X1)、体厚(X2)、眼径(X7)、体长(X10)和背鳍前长(X11)对体质量(Y)有明显的直接影响;除体长外,其他生长性状对体质量的直接影响均小于它们对体质量的间接影响,同时,体长对体质量的直接影响最大。相关分析表明,上述5个主要性状是体质量变化的主要影响因素。体长对体质量的单独决定系数最大(0.331),5个主要性状对体质量的总决定系数为0.928。建立的以主要性状为自变量、体质量为因变量的回归方程为Y=-13.339+2.913X1+3.352X2-4.467X7+1.473X10+0.763X11。【结论】体长、体厚、眼径、体高和背鳍前长等5个主要性状是影响多鳞鱚体质量的核心性状,其中体长影响最大。     

马氏珠母贝经济性状对体重决定效应分析

采用通径分析方法研究了不同养殖区马氏珠母贝各分性状对体重的决定效应。结果表明:流沙养殖群体分性状壳长、壳高、壳宽、铰合线长、软体部重和闭壳肌重与体重间呈正相关(P<0.01),对体重的直接决定效应分别为0.091、0.072、0.029、0.002、0.089和0.001,间接决定效应分别为0.319、0.284、0.183、0.03、0.304和0.004,总决定效应分别为0.41、0.356、0.212、0.032、0.393和0.005;6个经济性状与体重间的关系在抽样断面上可用线性回归模型拟合,复相关系数达0.939(P<0.01)。6个性状3类决定效应按大小排列均为壳长>软体部重>壳宽>壳高>铰合线长>闭壳肌重。迈陈养殖群体作为验证群体,各效应值与前者有差异,但3类决定效应大小排序与前者完全相同。基于决定效应大小及性状易测性,育种目标性状的选择策略为首选壳长,二选壳高,三选壳宽。研究还发现壳宽对软体部重具有最大的决定效应,提出加大壳宽选择强度以培育大型珍珠新观点。     

2月龄花鲈形态性状与体质量相关性及通径分析

【目的】探明花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)早期主要形态性状对体质量的影响程度,为其良种选育提供参考。【方法】采用数理统计方法对500尾2月龄花鲈的全长(X₁)、体长(X₂)、体高(X₃)、头长(X₄)、头高(X₅)、躯干长(X₆)、吻长(X₇)、眼径(X₈)、尾柄长(X₉)、尾柄高(X₁₀)等10个形态性状和体质量(Y)进行测量分析。【结果】相关性分析结果表明,10个形态性状与体质量的相关性均达到了极显著水平(P<0.01)。通径分析结果发现,体高、全长、眼径、躯干长、吻长、体长等6个性状是影响2月龄花鲈体质量的主要形态性状,其中仅体高对体质量的直接作用大于间接作用,为影响体质量的核心变量。决定系数显示,体高对体质量的单独决定系数最大(0.324),全长和体高对体质量的共同决定系数最大(0.287),6个形态性状对体质量的总决定系数为0.947,表明本研究已将影响2月龄花鲈体质量的主要形态性状全部纳入。经逐步回归分析,拟合得到最优线性回归方程为Y=-1.468+1.314X₃+0.160X₁-0.307X₈+0.149X₆+0.305X₇+0.046X₂。【结论】除体质量外,还须将体高作为花鲈早期选育的目标性状。     

九孔鲍主要经济性状对体质量的影响效果分析

利用相关分析、通径分析和逐步回归分析方法,定量分析了九孔鲍主要经济性状对体质量的影响效果,对软体部质量、壳长、壳质量、壳宽等4个性状进行测定并计算性状间的相关系数。以软体部质量为依变量,其它性状为自变量进行多元回归和通径分析,计算出对应的通径系数和决定系数,并建立最优回归方程。结果表明:4个性状间与体质量存在极显著正相关(P<0.01);通径分析表明各经济性状对体质量的直接影响效果为软体部质量(0.843)>壳长(0.163)>壳质量(0.112)>壳宽(-0.116),壳长、壳质量和壳宽对体质量的影响主要通过软体部质量实现的,其间接作用依次为0.763、0.733和0.744;所有性状总决定系数为0.974,各经济性状对体质量的直接决定效应依次为软体部质量(0.711)>壳长(0.027)>壳质量(0.013),与通径分析呈现一致的变化趋势,壳长通过软体部质量对体质量的间接决定效应最大为0.711。经多元回归分析,采用逐步回归方法,剔除了偏回归系数不显著的壳宽,建立了壳长、壳质量、和软体部质量对体质量的最优回归方程:y=-0.880+2.480 x1+0.429 x2+1.068 x3,决定系数R2=0.974,线性回归关系达到极显著水平(p值<0.01)。基于决定效应大小,同时考虑性状的易测性,育种目标性状的选择策略应首选壳长。     

褐点石斑鱼(♀)×清水石斑鱼(♂)杂交子代幼鱼形态性状对体质量影响的通径分析

用相关分析、通径分析及多元回归分析方法分析褐点石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus,♀)与清水石斑鱼(E.polyphekadion,♂)杂交子代(下称杂交石斑鱼)3月龄幼鱼全长(X_1)、体长(X_2)、头长(X_3)、吻长(X_4)、体宽(X_5)、体高(X_6)、尾柄高(X_7)、眼径(X_8)及眼后头长(X_9)等9个形态性状对体质量(Y)的影响效果,并建立最优回归模型。结果表明,3月龄杂交石斑鱼9个形态性状与体质量相关性均极显著(P0.01),其中,全长、体高、体宽及尾柄高等4个性状对体质量的直接作用均达极显著水平(P0.01),总决定系数为0.933;全长对体质量的直接作用最大(0.713),对体质量的决定系数最高(0.508),体高、体宽及尾柄高对体质量直接作用均较小,主要通过间接作用来影响体质量。以逐步回归分析方法建立以全长、体高、体宽及尾柄高估计杂交石斑鱼体质量的最优回归方程:?=–35.301+3.678 X_1+3.234 X_6+2.432 X_5+2.226 X_7。     

湛江北部湾马氏珠母贝红壳色选育系生长模型研究

为检验不同模型对马氏珠母贝红壳色选育系的生长发育拟合效果,分别采用von Bertalanffy、Gompertz、Logistic和Brody 4种非线性生长模型对红壳色选育系壳长、壳宽、壳高等形态性状和重量性状的生长发育进行拟合,通过Levenberg-Marquardt迭代法求出模型中各生长参数,结合各参数的最优值,得出拟合效果最佳的生长模型。结果表明,在马氏珠母贝红壳色选育系的第一年半生长过程中,Brody模型为壳长、壳宽与壳高的最优生长模型,von Bertalanffy模型为体重的最优生长模型,分别有效地拟合了马氏珠母贝红壳色选育系早期生长发育的累积生长曲线。     

青海湖裸鲤形态性状对体质量的影响

青海湖裸鲤是我国的濒危物种之一,形态学数据是其亲本选育的基础。测定人工养殖的200尾2+龄青海湖裸鲤的全长、体长、头高、眼间距、体高、体宽、尾柄长、肛前距和臀鳍基长等9项形态学指标和体质量,采用通径分析、多元回归分析方法,研究青海湖裸鲤各形态形状与体质量的相关性。结果表明,青海湖裸鲤形态性状与体质量间的相关系数均有统计学意义(P0.01);通过建立多元回归模型,发现青海湖裸鲤体长、体高、臀鳍基长对体质量影响有统计学意义(P0.05);通径分析显示,体长对体质量的直接影响最大,其次为体高、臀鳍基长。     

温度和盐度对大珠母贝稚贝存活和生长的互作效应

采用中心复合设计法和响应曲面分析法,研究温度(16~32℃)和盐度(22~38)2个因素对大珠母贝(Pinctada maxima)稚贝存活和生长的互作效应。结果表明,温度的一次效应、温度和盐度的二次效应以及温盐的互作效应对存活率、壳长日增长和壳高日增长的影响极显著(P0.01),盐度的一次效应对存活率的影响显著(P0.05),但盐度的一次效应和温盐的互作效应对壳长日增长和壳高日增长的影响不显著(P0.05);存活率、壳长日增长和壳高日增长模型的决定系数分别为0.969 2、0.984 2、0.979 5,校正决定系数分别为0.938 5、0.968 4、0.959 0,3个模型均具有较好拟合度,可用于大珠母贝存活率、壳长日增长和壳高日增长预测。经模型优化,在存活最佳温盐组合25.01℃、盐度30.34条件下,存活率为95%;形态性状生长最佳温盐组合25.54℃、盐度31.70条件下,壳长和壳高日增长分别为2.01、1.79 mm/d。     

白鲢仔稚鱼食性与生长的初步研究

池塘培育的鲢仔稚鱼（６．８—３２．２ｍｍ）食性可分为浮游动物和浮游植物为主的二个阶段。食性的转化取决于消化系统各器官的发育分化。全长１５ｍｍ左右为食性转化阶段。全长２７．９～３２．２ｍｍ，食性接近成鱼。口宽（ＭＷ）、口高（ＭＨ）与全长（Ｌ）的关系分别为：ＭＷ＝－４０１．９９＋９２．６２Ｌ、ＭＨ＝－２２１．６２＋４９．６６Ｌ；肠长／全长（Ｋ）与全长（Ｌ）的关系为：Ｋ＝－０．１２４８＋０．０７１３Ｌ；第Ⅰ列外侧鳃耙数（ＧＮ）与全长（Ｌ）的关系为：ＧＮ＝－６７．４４＋８．９３Ｌ；全长（Ｌ）体重（Ｗ）和时间（ｔ）的关系分别为：Ｌ＝４．５３７＋１．４１７ｔ、Ｗ＝２．７８５ｅ０．２８７３ｔ。以上回归方程经统计检验均为高度显著相关。     

Genetic improvement on Chinese shrimp （Fenneropenaeus chinensis）： growth and viability performance in F1 hybrids of different populations

Fenneropenaeus chinensis distributed in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea of China and the west coast of the Korean Peninsula. Different geographical populations represent potentially different genetic resources. To learn further the characteristics of different geographical population, crosses among two wild and three farmed populations were produced. The two wild populations were from the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea (WYP), and the west coast of the Korean Peninsula and coast (WKN). The three farmed populations included the offspring of first generation of wild shrimp from coast in Korea (FKN), the Huang Hai (the Yellow Sea in Chinese) No. 1 (HH 1), and JK98. The phenotypes growth and survival rates of these populations were compared to confirm the feasibility for crossbreeding. The body length (BL), carapace length (CL), carapace width (CW), height of the second and third abdominal segment (HST), width of the second and third abdominal segment (WST), length of the first abdominal segment (LF), length of the last abdominal segment (LL), live body weight (BW), and survival rate were measured. Different combinations were statistically performed with ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple significant difference (P<0.05) in BL, CL, HST, LL, and BW; and insignificant difference (P0.05) in other growth traits and survival rate. The results of Duncan's Multiple Range Test are that BL and CL of was the best combination in all growth traits. Therefore, hybridization can introduce the variation to base populations. The systematic selection program based on additive genetic performance may be more effective than crossbreeding.     

ZResponse to selection, heritability and genetic correlations between body weight and body size in Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

To quantify the response to selection,heritability and genetic correlations between weight and size of Litopenaeus vannamei,the body weight (BW),total length (TL),body length (BL),first abdominal segment depth (FASD),third abdominal segment depth (TASD),first abdominal segment width (FASW),and partial carapace length (PCL) of 5-month-old parents and of offspring were measured by calculating seven body measurings of offspring produced by a nested mating design.Seventeen half-sib families and 42 full-sib families ofL.vannamei were produced using artificial fertilization from 2-4 dams by each sire,and measured at around five months post-metamorphosis.The results show that heritabilities among various traits were high:0.515士0.030 for body weight and 0.394士0.030 for total length.After one generation of selection,the selection response was 10.70% for offspring growth.In the 5"’ month,the realized heritability for weight was 0.296 for the offspring generation.Genetic correlations between body weight and body size were highly variable.The results indicate that external morphological parameters can be applied during breeder selection for enhancing the growth without sacrificing animals for determining the body size and breed ability;and selective breeding can be improved significantly,simultaneously with increased production.     

Genetic improvement on Chinese shrimp （Fenneropenaeus chinensis）： growth and viability performance in F1 hybrids of different populations

Fenneropenaeus chinensis distributed in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea of China and the west coast of the Korean Peninsula. Different geographical populations represent potentially different genetic resources. To learn further the characteristics of different geographical population, crosses among two wild and three farmed populations were produced. The two wild populations were from the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea （WYP）, and the west coast of the Korean Peninsula and coast （WKN）. The three farmed populations included the offspring of first generation of wild shrimp from coast in Korea （FKN）, the Huang Hai （the Yellow Sea in Chinese） No.1 （HH1）, and JK98. The phenotypes growth and survival rates of these populations were compared to confirm the feasibility for crossbreeding. The body length （BL）, carapace length （CL）. carapace width （CW）, height of the second and third abdominal segment （HST）, width of the second and third abdominal segment （WST）, length of the first abdominal segment （LF）, length of the last abdominal segment （LL）, live body weight （BW）, and survival rate were measured, Different combinations were statistically performed with ANOVA and Duncan＇s Multiple Range Test. The results show that the survival rate of JK98（♀）×WKN（♂） was the highest, followed by WYP（♀）×WKN（♂）, FKN（♀）×WYP（♂）, FKN（♀）×HHI（♂） and WYP（♀）×FKN（♂）; the body weight of FKN（♀）×HHI（♂） was the highest, followed by FKN（♀）×WYP（♂）, WYP（♀）×WKN（♂）, WYP（♀）×FKN（♂） and JK98（♀）×WKN（♂）; the total length had the same ranking as the body weight. All growth traits in hybrids JK98（♀）×WKN（♂） were the lowest among all combinations. F1 hybrids had significant difference （P〈0.05） in BL, CL, HST, LL, and BW; and insignificant difference （P〉0.05） in other growth traits and survival rate. The results of Duncan＇s Multiple Range Test are that BL and CL of J     

Comparison of the morphometric dynamics of fast-growing and slow-growing strains of turbot Scophthalmus maximus

The dynamics of changes in body shape of fast-growing and slow-growing strains of turbot Scophthalmus maximus, and of the differences in body shape between the two strains, were evaluated from 3 to 27 months of age. The ratios of total length/body length, body width/body length and total length/body width were used as morphometric indices. The two strains exhibited different temporal trends in total length/body length but similar trends in body width/body length and total length/body width. Generally, body width/body length of the two strains increased with time and total length/body width decreased. Thus, the bodies of both fast-growing and slow-growing strains of turbot changed from a narrow to a more rounded shape. However, the ratio total length/body length was generally lower, body width/body length was mostly higher and total length/body width was consistently lower in the fast-growing strain than in the slowgrowing strain. Correlation analysis of the three shape ratios with body weight showed that total length/body length and total length/body width were unsuitable, and that width/body length was suitable, for use as a phenotypic marker for selective breeding of turbot for growth in weight.     

渤海海峡亚海鲂属鱼类一新记录种——云纹亚海鲂

2012年12月3日,在渤海海峡的蓬莱近海浅水海域捕获雄性成体鱼1尾,该鱼体长34 cm,体高18cm,体长为体高的1.9倍,体宽4.5 cm,头长12.5 cm,体长为头长的2.7倍,尾柄长4.5 cm,体光滑无鳞。管状侧线前半部弧形,后半部平直,行于体中央。棘状骨板沿背鳍基底两侧各12块,臀鳍基底两侧各8块,每一骨板中央具1棘,向后;胸部6块,自第3骨板开始分左右两行;腹部7块,自第2骨板开始分左右两行,胸腹部骨板棘小,形成锯齿缘。背鳍1个,鳍棘部与鳍条部之间有一深缺刻;鳍棘细长,棘间鳍膜延长成丝状,最长超过尾鳍末端。据其形态特征和测量值,鉴定为云纹亚海鲂(Zenopsis nebulosa Temminck et Schlegel,1847),为该海域首次记录。     

Correlation and path analysis of morphological and weight traits in marine gastropod Glossaulax reiniana

Using correlation and path analysis, the genetic correlation between weight traits and morphological traits was determined in the marine gastropod Glossaulax reiniana. A total of 100 G. reiniana individuals from a wild population were used. Shell width （X1）, shell height （X2）, umbo-callus height （X3）, body width （X4）, operculum length （X5）, operculum width （X6）, body weight （Y1） and soft-tissue weight （Y2） were measured, and the correlation coefficient matrix calculated. Morphological traits were used as independent variables and weight traits as dependent variables for path coefficient analysis. Path coefficients, correlation indices and determination coefficients were also determined. Results indicate that the correlation coefficients associated with each morphological and weight trait were all highly significant （P〈0.01）. After deleting redundant independent variables, the following optimum multiple regression equations were obtained using stepwise multiple regression analysis： Y1=-29.317＋0.362X2＋0.349X4＋ 1.190）（5 for body weight; and Y2=-17.292＋0.166X1＋0.171X2＋0.703X5, for soft-tissue weight. Operculum height had the highest positive direct correlation with both body weight and soft-tissue weight, which was in accordance with the test results obtained from determinate coefficient analysis. The indication of high genetic correlations between weight traits and morphological traits will provide valuable information for G. reiniana breeding programs.     

6个不同鲤群体的形态差异分析

对黄河鲤、荷包红鲤、高背荷包红鲤、兴国红鲤、建鲤和黑龙江野鲤等6个鲤群体的12个形态比例性状进行单因素方差分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。单因素方差分析结果表明,除眼后头长/头长外,各鲤群体间在其他比例性状上出现较明显的差异。主成分分析构建了3个主成分,其贡献率分别为35.316%、23.221%、10.146%,累计贡献率为68.683%,并明显可将6个鲤群体划分为2个簇,荷包红鲤和高背荷包红鲤明显与其他群体区分开。聚类分析结果与主成分分析一致。在体高/体长、头长/体长、体厚/体长和尾柄高/尾柄长等4个比例性状上,有些群体的差异系数大于1.28,说明这些群体在这4个指标上的差异可达到亚种水平。结果表明,6个鲤群体在形态上存在一定差异和分化,主要体现在体型和头部特征上。