招远市砂资源开发管理存在的问题及对策

近年来,招远市砂资源开发管理出现无序混乱现象,对生态环境也造成了一定的破坏。招远市组织开展了＂砂资源开发利用专项治理整顿＂活动,坚持＂开发与治理并举,浪费与破坏并重;在保护中开发,在开发中保护＂原则,制定了一整套科学管理模式,彻底实现了矿业秩序的根本好转。     

Current trends in landscape research

Landscape is defined as the material-physical entity comprising the structures of nature and land use and their mutual relationship. This reduced but more precise specification of the landscape includes certain geo- and bioscientific problems as well as socio-economic conditions, motives and functions in the sense of a system approach, which have to be considered, but to do not belong to its object sphere directly. For landscape research a multi-stage procedure is introduced. It includes (a) the scientific and technical analysis of natural and land use structures inclusive their spatial and temporal dynamics (and genesis), (b) the functional analysis of landscape within the processes of socio-economic reproduction, i.e. landscape as an object of socio-economic activities and (c) the comparison of landscape structures with standardized parameters set by society under consideration of natural regularities leading to the evaluation and prognosis of these structures or certain parts of them.     

经济工作的主观愿望与客观实践

实践观点是马克思列宁主义认识论的第一和基本的观点。在经济工作中,坚持实事求是和一切从实际出发的工作作风和思想方法,按经济规律办事,勇于实践和探索,以科学的态度、切实可行的方法,追求经济工作的主观愿望与客观实践的完美统一。     

统一上海工程地质分层编号的讨论

地层的工程地质统一划分和编号是一项标准化工作。和所有的标准化工作一样,应具有科学性、通用性和严肃性,应体现地区工程地质勘察水平。上海的工作应以已完成的上海地区第四纪地层分层研究成果为基础,直观地反映各组地层的工程地质性质的差异。应注意各地段地质结构的差别。并避免由於各地地层的差异性和地层编号上人为的多层编码所产生的混乱。     

“双保”行动在胶州市土地资源管理中的应用

胶州市国土资源局认真学习实践科学发展观,扎实开展＂保增长、保红线＂行动。通过强练内功、创新思路、严格管理,实现了提效能、保增长、保红线的工作目标,规范了依法用地秩序,有效推动了全市经济发展。     

试论原始地质资料的立卷归档

原始地质资料立卷归档甚为重要。探讨原始地质资料立卷归档方法,做好原始地质资料立卷归档工作,是实现地质档案标准化、规范化、科学化管理的基础。     

基于综合评价的日照市农用地整理时序研究

通过探讨农用地整理的时序,为规范土地整治管理提供技术支撑。运用综合评价法、实证分析法,选取自然经济社会条件、耕地利用现状和农用地整理3个因素、6个评价因子,构建农用地整理评价指标体系。以山东省日照市为例,进行实证分析,确定49个乡镇农用地整理时序。得出通过综合评价确定农用地整理时序,能够使农用地整理管理更加科学化和规范化。     

基于MapObjects下潮汕坳陷区物探数据库管理系统的设计与实现

MapObjects是一组基于COM技术的地图应用组件，由多个Activex控件和包含超过几十个可编程ActiveX Automation对象组成，以最少的接口提供了常用的GIS功能。可在标准的Windows编程环境下如Visual Basic 6.0组成完全独立的综合性应用软件。在MapObjects的基础上，设计、实现了包括输入、输出、图层显示、编辑、空间和属性查询等功能的潮汕坳陷区物探数据库管理系统。     

Landslide HotSpot Mapping by means of Persistent Scatterer Interferometry

Landslide detection and mapping represent fundamental requirements for every hazard and risk evaluation and consequent improvement of the management strategies for such natural hazards. Optical and radar remote sensing can be used to observe landslide-induced ground deformation, ranging from regional to local scales. This work presents a methodology called Landslide HotSpot Mapping; this approach integrates cartographic, thematic and optical data with Persistent Scatterer Interferometry for the identification of extremely slow to very slow moving landslides, and for the evaluation of their state of activity and intensity. This methodology scans wide areas to detect hotspots, which are narrow unstable zones characterized by higher landslide hazard. To these hotspots, priority has to be given when planning field surveys and in situ validation campaigns, so that field work time and effort can be optimized and significantly reduced. The approach is tested in Central Calabria, over a 4,470?km² area located in southern Italy. ENVISAT ascending images acquired between 2003 and 2009 and processed with the Persistent Scatterer Pairs (PSP) technique are used to analyse deformation patterns. Combining conventional photo-interpretation with the analysis of PSP data, 64 new landslides are identified and the spatial (boundaries) and temporal (activity) information of 980 pre-mapped phenomena (23.6% of updated inventory) are updated. 1,012 active (continuous or reactivated) landslides are identified and 4 hotspot areas selected: San Fili, Rende, Lago, Catanzaro. Urgent field checks have to be organized for these hotspots to validate the satellite-based observations and to design appropriate mitigation measures to reduce impacts on the elements at risk.     

临沂市城乡建设用地增减挂钩试点工作调查与思考

2006年以来,临沂市先后被列为全国第一、二批城乡建设用地增减挂钩试点城市。试点工作中周密部署、科学规划、注重创新,走出了一条符合临沂实际的增减挂钩新路子,较好地实现了农民得实惠、企业得市场、发展得空间、政府得人心。但也存在一些值得重视的问题,需要作进一步的思考与探索,以便积极稳妥地推动城乡建设用地增减挂钩试点工作。     

非饱和土广义有效应力原理

综述了非饱和土有效应力的沿革,并就非饱和土有效应力的研究和发展中存在的问题进行了讨论。基于多相孔隙介质理论推导得到的变形功的表达式,提出了非饱和土广义有效应力原理。该原理认为,由非饱和土中的单应力变量的有效应力或双应力变量理论很难唯一地确定非饱和土的变形和强度。广义有效应力原理实质上就是要综合考虑影响非饱和土变形和强度的三种广义应力以及与其对偶的广义变形,给出考虑因素更为全面、理论基础更为坚实的广义有效应力原理。它为非饱和土基本性质的研究和本构方程的建立奠定了坚实而科学的理论基础。     

甘肃夏河—合作成矿带早子沟金矿绿色矿山建设分析

建设绿色矿山是新形势下保证矿业可持续健康发展的必由之路,是在恢复生态系统基础上实现自然、经济和社会系统共同发展的必然选择。早子沟金矿是甘南藏族自治州第一个国家级绿色矿山。在绿色矿山建设过程中,树立了绿色发展理念,在采矿、选矿、资源高效综合利用、节能减排、安全生产等方面均进行了科技创新,确保了矿山开发、生态环境、地方群众的和谐统一,形成了具有开采方式科学化、生产工艺环保化、资源利用高效化、企业管理规范化、矿山及社区环境生态化的高标准绿色矿山企业,可为区域绿色矿业发展提供参考。     

济南市基本农田保护示范区建设初探

2006年,国土资源部确定在全国范围内开展基本农田保护示范区建设,济南市每年设立1 333.33 hm2（2万亩）市级基本农田保护示范区,进行田、水、路、林、村综合整治。通过科学选定项目、明确建设任务、完善建设标准,逐步实现基本农田建设标准化、基础工作规范化、保护责任社会化,促进农业增产、农村增效、农民增收。     

gLucifer: next generation visualization framework for high-performance computational geodynamics

High-performance computing provides unprecedented capabilities to produce higher resolution 4-D models in a fraction of time. Thus, the need exists for a new generation of visualization systems able to maintain parity with the enormous volume of data generated. In attempting to write this much data to disk, each computational step introduces a significant performance bottleneck, yet most existing visualization software packages inherently rely on reading data in from a dump file. Available packages make this assumption of postprocessing at quite a fundamental level and are not very well suited for plotting very large numbers of specialized particles. This necessitates the creation of a new visualization system that meets the needs of large-scale geodynamic modeling. We have developed such a system, gLucifer, using a software framework approach that allows efficient reuse of our efforts in other areas of research. gLucifer is capable of producing movies of a 4-D data set “on the fly” (simultaneously with running the parallel scientific application) without creating a performance bottleneck. By eliminating most of the human efforts involved in visualizing results through postprocessing, gLucifer reconnects the scientist to the numerical experiment as it unfolds. Data sets that were previously very difficult to even manage may be efficiently explored and interrogated without writing to disk, and because this approach is based entirely on memory distributed across as many processors as are being utilized by the scientific application, the visualization solution is scalable into terabytes of data being rendered in real time.     

Average properties of ellipsoidal fabrics: Implications for two- and three-dimensional methods of strain analysis

Many rocks contain ellipsoidal objects (such as pebbles or reduction zones) which display a variety of shapes and orientations. In deformed rocks such objects may be used for strain analysis by using the concept of an average ellipsoid (here called the “fabric ellipsoid”). Two fabric ellipsoids are defined which are the results of two different algebraic averaging processes. During deformation of ellipsoidal distributions, the fabric ellipsoids change as if they were themselves material ellipsoids and are therefore of fundamental importance in strain analysis.In most studies to date, such 3-D fabric ellipsoids have been obtained from 2-D average ellipses determined on section planes cut through the rock sample. Previous work has assumed that the average ellipses will approximate to section through a single fabric ellipsoid. I show here that this is not the case as sectioning introduces a systematic bias into the section ellipse data. This bias is distinct from the statistical errors (due to finite sample size and measurement errors) discussed in other work and must be considered in any method of strain analysis using section planes.     

Orthonormal residuals in geostatistics: Model criticism and parameter estimation

In linear geostatistics, models for the mean function (drift) and the variogram or generalized covariance function are selected on the basis of the modeler's understanding of the phenomenon studied as well as data. One can seldom be assured that the most appropriate model has been selected; however, analysis of residuals is helpful in diagnosing whether some important characteristic of the data has been neglected and, ultimately, in providing a reasonable degree of assurance that the selected model is consistent with the available information. The orthonormal residuals presented in this work are kriging errors constructed so that, when the correct model is used, they are uncorrelated and have zero mean and unit variance. It is suggested that testing of orthonormal residuals is a practical way for evaluating the agreement of the model with the data and for diagnosing model deficiencies. Their advantages over the usually employed standardized residuals are discussed. A set of tests are presented. Orthonormal residuals can also be useful in the estimation of the covariance (or variogram) parameters for a model that is considered correct.     

地表基质综合调查：内涵、分层、填图与支撑目标

地表基质综合调查评价是支撑自然资源管理和服务宜林宜草、宜耕宜荒的基础性工作。关于地表基质综合调查的理论基础、目标定位、科学内涵、填图方法及分类分层等是目前探索的焦点与热点。文章在近年来承德生态文明示范区地表基质综合调查与多尺度填图的基础上,结合全国不同典型地区地表基质调查研究试点工作,进一步厘清了地表基质的科学内涵与支撑服务目标,建立了地表基质第三级分类方案和填图单元及命名方式,提出了地表基质调查中生产层、生态层和生活层的深度范围,最后从支撑塞罕坝地区植树造林和坝上地区狼毒草生态防治两个案例揭示了地表基质对植被群落的约束作用。研究成果可为深入理解地表基质的科学意义和开展全国范围的地表基质调查、监测、评价、区划提供基础参考。     

水文地质参数的可视化软件Aquifer Test

Aquifer test是先进的抽水试验和微水试验分析软件,与传统手工计算相比,具有操作简便、实用性强、可视化、对比分析速度快等特点,可大大提高科研人员的工作效率。目前已成为国外比较流行含水层试验分析软件,为高效地处理试验数据和参数计算提供帮助,在我国迅速普及推广这套应用软件意义重大。     

From registration to visualization of geological data with MO2GEO: applications of the FieldModule,interpolation methods,and computer visualization

The registration and screen visualization of geological data are basic steps in modelling of 3D structures and geoscientific processes. Therefore, a standardized coding of geological field observations is reasonable to enable an independent modelling approach. The field module of MO2GEO provides diverse standards for data coding and was tested in the frame of a mapping project. The visualization of profiles and the construction of cross-sections improve the database for a variety of interpolation methods. The subsequently developed 3D models, constructed with diverse modelling tools, can be visualized and serve as the base for diverse applied scientific projects.     

The performance of the empirical models on industrial hydrocyclone design

Many empirical models have been used widely for designing hydrocyclones in industry. These empirical models consist of a set of design equations. Most of the design equations are based on the correlations obtained experimentally, using dimensionless similarity numbers. These equations have their limitations due to the specific systems used for model development. Therefore, in many cases, they cannot be used with confidence to predict the design of an individual separator, or the overall plant configuration that is required to meet different user requirements. A modified version of the existing design equations presented by previous researchers was developed. The design equations, describing four fundamental parameters: pressure drop, flow recovery to underflow, corrected cut size and classification function, were modified by fitting with set of experimental data to obtain the system-specific constant parameters. These modified design equations were then called, the fine-tuned design equations. Four sets of fine-tuned design equations describing all the fundamental parameters were constructed and used to predict the separation performance of many hydrocyclone operational systems at the Dow Chemical Company, Texas, USA. The performance of these equations is evaluated, and the limitations of their use are discussed, thus providing useful insights into hydrocyclone design.