Near-surface Geothermal Gradient Observation and Geothermal Analyses in the Xianshuihe Fault Zone, Eastern Tibetan Plateau

The Xianshuihe fault(XSHF) zone, characterized by intense tectonic activity, is located at the southwest boundary of the Bayan Har block, where several major earthquakes have occurred, including the 2008 Wenchuan and the 2013 Lushan earthquakes. This study analysed underground temperature sequence data for four years at seven measuring points at different depths(maximum depth: 18.9 m) in the southeastern section of the XSHF zone. High-frequency atmospheric noise was removed from the temperature sequences to obtain relatively stable temperature fields and heat fluxes near the measurement points. Our measurements show that the surrounding bedrock at(the seven stations distributed in the fault zone) had heat flux values range from-41.0 to 206 m W/m~2, with a median value of 54.3 m W/m~2. The results indicate a low heat flux in the northern section of DaofuKangting and a relatively high heat flux in the southern section of Kangting, which is consistent with the temperature distributions of the hot springs near the fault. Furthermore, our results suggest that the heat transfer in this field results primarily from stable underground heat conduction. In addition, the underground hydrothermal activity is also an obvious factor controlling the geothermal gradient.     

Natural arsenic contamination in waters from the Pesariis village,NE Italy

High arsenic (As) concentrations, >900 μg/L, were measured in Ca–Mg–SO₄ waters from springs and drainages in the village of Pesariis in the Carnic Alps (NE Italy). Oxidation of the outcropping arsenian marcasite ore deposits of the area is proposed as the mechanism for As release into oxygenated waters during runoff. Nevertheless, the limited extension of the ore deposit and the relatively low As content of the mineralization suggest that sulfide weathering might not be the only process responsible for the highest As concentration in groundwaters. An additional mechanism involves As adsorption onto ferric iron particulate during oxidation, the drawdown in reducing environment at depth during water infiltration, and the release of ferrous iron and sorbed arsenic to the water columns by reductive dissolution of hydrous ferric oxides (HFO). This yields the observed Fe–As correlation. Newly formed HFO precipitates when groundwaters discharge to aerated conditions, leading to the removal of As, which strongly partitions into the iron-rich sediments, adsorbed onto the surface of amorphous Fe₂O₃·xH₂O. The calculated and measured As concentration in sediments exceeds 10% by weight. Furthermore, geochemical and isotopic data indicate that the As-rich reservoir partly mixes with shallower aquifers, commonly tapped for drinking supply, representing a natural hazard for inhabitants.     

青藏高原拉萨地体南部的泥盆纪花岗岩

位于青藏高原南部的拉萨地体经历了强烈的中、新生代造山作用,以及最近确定的晚古生代至早中生代的造山作用,而本文第一次报道了拉萨地体南部所经历的中古生代岩浆热事件。所研究的花岗岩分布于拉萨地体南部的加查附近,主要由斜长石、石英、钾长石和少量黑云母组成,经历了不同程度的塑性变形,呈片麻状或眼球状构造。花岗岩中的锆石具有典型的岩浆结晶成因特征,获得了366.7±2.5Ma的谐和年龄。这一成果为拉萨地体的起源、构造归属以及早期构造演化提供了重要信息。     

青藏高原羌塘盆地南部古近纪逆冲推覆构造系统

西藏羌塘地块南部古近纪发育肖茶卡-双湖逆冲推覆构造、多玛-其香错逆冲推覆构造、赛布错-扎加藏布逆冲推覆构造,构成古近纪大型逆冲推覆构造系统。沿逆冲推覆构造的前锋断层,二叠系白云岩与大理岩化灰岩、三叠系砂岩与页岩、侏罗系碎屑岩与碳酸盐岩和三叠纪—侏罗纪蛇绿岩自北向南逆冲推覆于古近纪红色砂砾岩之上,形成规模不等的构造岩片与飞来峰。羌塘盆地南部主要的逆冲断层和下伏的褶皱红层被中新世湖相沉积地层角度不整合覆盖,表明逆冲推覆构造运动自中新世以来基本停止活动。羌塘盆地南部古近纪逆冲推覆构造运动在近南北方向产生的最小位移为90km,指示新生代早期上地壳缩短率约为47%。古近纪逆冲推覆构造对羌塘盆地油气资源具有重要影响。     

Isotopic characteristics of river sediments on the Tibetan Plateau

We systematically collected 40 modern clastic sediment samples from rivers in different tectonic units of the Tibetan Plateau and measured their Sr–Nd isotopic compositions. The isotopic characteristics provide insight into the controversial paleo-tectonic affinity of terranes of the Tibetan Plateau and the provenance of Songpan–Ganzi flysch complex. The Qilian Terrane and Himalaya Terrane have more negative ε_Nd(0) values (from ? 14.3 to ? 11.8 and from ? 20.64 to ? 13.26, respectively) and high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values (from 0.719674 to 0.738818 and from 0.721020 to 0.824959, respectively), reflecting old and mature continental crust origin of these two terranes. The southern Lhasa Terrane is more radiogenic in ε_Nd(0) values (from ? 8.82 to ? 3.8) and low in ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values (from 0.711504 to 0.719489), implying the combined impact of the Neo-Tethys mantle and Himalaya old continental crust. Sr–Nd isotopic compositions of the Qilian Terrane are similar to those in the Yangtze Craton, indicating that the Qilian Terrane was probably separated from the Yangtze Craton. Sr–Nd isotopic characteristics of the Songpan–Ganzi Terrane are similar to the Yangtze Craton and are remarkably different to those in the North China Craton, eastern Kunlun–Qaidam and the central Qiangtang metamorphic belt, implying that the widely distributed flysch complex of the Songpan–Ganzi Terrane was sourced from the Yangtze Craton.     

青藏高原羌塘盆地南部古近纪逆冲推覆构造系统

西藏羌塘地块南部古近纪发育肖茶卡-双湖逆冲推覆构造、多玛-其香错逆冲推覆构造、赛布错-扎加藏布逆冲推覆构造,构成古近纪大型逆冲推覆构造系统。沿逆冲推覆构造的前锋断层,二叠系白云岩与大理岩化灰岩、三叠系砂岩与页岩、侏罗系碎屑岩与碳酸盐岩和三叠纪—侏罗纪蛇绿岩自北向南逆冲推覆于古近纪红色砂砾岩之上,形成规模不等的构造岩片与飞来峰。羌塘盆地南部主要的逆冲断层和下伏的褶皱红层被中新世湖相沉积地层角度不整合覆盖,表明逆冲推覆构造运动自中新世以来基本停止活动。羌塘盆地南部古近纪逆冲推覆构造运动在近南北方向产生的最小位移为90km,指示新生代早期上地壳缩短率约为47%。古近纪逆冲推覆构造对羌塘盆地油气资源具有重要影响。     

青藏高原春季土壤湿度与中国东部夏季降水之间的关系

应用SVD方法分析了青藏高原地区春季土壤湿度异常和中国东部地区夏季降水之间的关系.结果表明,青藏高原不同地区、不同深度的土壤湿度与中国东部夏季降水的相关特征不同.青藏高原东北部和西北部0~10cm深度(表层)土壤湿度与中国华北、东北地区的夏季降水为正相关,而与华南地区为负相关;青藏高原中部及南部0~10cm表层土壤湿度与华北地区夏季的降水有较强负相关;青藏高原北部及东部10~200cm深度(深层)土壤湿度与华北、东北地区的夏季降水为负相关,而与华南地区夏季降水为正相关;青藏高原中东部10~200cm深层土壤湿度与长江中下游和华南大部分地区夏季降水呈负相关关系.即青藏高原不同地区、不同深度层春季土壤湿度的变化,对中国东部地区的夏季降水具有显著影响.     

藏南碳酸岩脉成因及其气候效应

始新世末期以来,全球大气CO2浓度持续下降,但长期以来不清楚为何这一时期全球大气CO2浓度下降,巨量的大气CO2赋存于何处。深入研究该问题有助于准确理解未来大气CO2浓度变化的趋势,特别是有助于进一步评估人类自身碳排放的后果。这一时期,小印度陆块持续与大亚洲陆块汇聚,导致了以喜马拉雅为代表的山脉群和青藏高原的形成。很早就有学者从地球表层碳循环的角度提出了"青藏高原的隆升导致了全球变冷"的观点,但这一观点既没有解释清楚"巨量大气CO2到何处去"的问题,也没有讨论青藏高原本身向大气圈排放CO2等问题,因此该观点最近受到了强烈的质疑。这些激烈的争论充分反映了传统的地球表层碳循环研究已不能充分满足当前社会的需求。本文从深部碳循环这个视角重新探讨青藏高原在全球碳循环中的作用。在印度与亚洲陆块持续汇聚期间,以喜马拉雅为代表的巨型山脉快速崛起,然后持续遭受化学风化作用,大量消耗大气CO2。化学风化的产物堆积在喜马拉雅山前的前陆盆地内,形成了巨量含新生碳酸盐矿物和有机碳的西瓦里克沉积杂岩,随后新生的西瓦里克杂岩又随持续平板俯冲的印度陆壳被带入青藏高原内部,与平板俯冲的印度陆壳共同经历高温变质作用。俯冲板片内的(黑)云母等含水矿物发生脱水,形成花岗岩浆。花岗岩浆再与俯冲的西瓦里克杂岩内的碳酸盐岩发生交代反应,释放出含钙、镁离子、以CO2和水为主的高温流体,本文称其为壳源火成碳酸岩浆。碳酸岩浆沿张性裂隙上侵、冷凝之后形成藏南的碳酸岩脉。虽然青藏高原内部的火山、温泉等均向大气圈排放CO2,但所排放的碳均为再循环来自大气圈的碳,并且排放量略小于吸收量,否则消耗大气CO2所新生的碳酸岩脉就不会在青藏高原内部保存下来。藏南大量晚新生代碳酸岩脉的发现充分说明了喜马拉雅山脉和藏南高原是一个巨大的碳储库,在其形成过程中将巨量大气CO2转化为流体(岩浆)的形式封存于青藏高原内部,从而大幅降低了大气CO2浓度,最终导致了全球变冷。上述过程充分说明,大气CO2浓度的变化实质上是受控于地球内部的构造运动。进一步可推论出,"全球变化"只是一个自然现象,虽然它有独特的运行轨迹,但与人类的碳排放量无因果关系。     

青藏高原南部岩脉分布及其研究意义

青藏高原是面积大、海拔高、时代最新的经典碰撞造山带,其演化过程被记录在各类地质作用中,包括各类岩浆作用。岩脉是与其他类型岩浆作用具有相似矿物成分的小规模侵入体,德国人Harry Rosenbusch早在1877年对其开展了系统研究。区域上大规模产出的基性岩墙群经常发育在伸展构造环境,并被认为代表地质历史时期发生的大陆裂解作用,其深部则与地幔柱或者热点存在相关。在青藏高原的羌塘地体、拉萨地体和喜马拉雅造山带发育了不同类型的岩脉或岩墙群。在羌塘地体中部出露面积约为40000km²的早二叠世（约283Ma）基性岩墙群属于大火成岩省（LIP）岩浆作用,与二叠纪中特提斯洋的初始打开有关。在西藏南部的特提斯喜马拉雅带产出的时代约为132Ma的白垩纪措美-班伯里大火成岩省岩浆作用,覆盖面积超过50000km²,其最早的岩浆作用可能代表了特提斯喜马拉雅之下大陆裂解之前孕育克格伦地幔柱头部的相关岩石圈伸展作用,并继续裂解导致了印度与澳洲大陆的裂解分离。本文着重讨论了高原南部的白垩纪以来的岩脉,它们主要发育在拉萨地体南部,蕴含了岩浆作用与构造作用的双重信息。它们具有不同的产状、成分、年龄和成因,对于揭示冈底斯弧演化、印度与亚洲大陆的碰撞过程,以及碰撞导致的高原应力状态变化等都具有重要的意义。高原南部岩脉主要分为三期：（1）时代约为90Ma的岩脉,具有玄武质到中酸性的成分,主要侵位在日喀则白垩纪弧后盆地,例如在南木林县南部出现的基性-酸性双峰式岩浆作用,可能代表了冈底斯岩浆弧之上发育的伸展作用。（2）时代约为50Ma的同碰撞期岩脉,主要侵入到林子宗火山岩、冈底斯岩基或者白垩世设兴组/昂仁组沉积地层等单元中,它们发育时间为60~41Ma,其峰期作用时间与冈底斯岩浆大爆发的时间一致,可能受控于深部俯冲的特提斯洋洋壳的断裂作用。（3）碰撞后中新世岩脉,多具有埃达克质岩石的地球化学性质,与区域上钾质-超钾质火山岩和埃达克质侵入岩的时代一致,它们是高原南部加厚下地壳部分熔融作用的产物,可能受控于下地壳拆沉作用或者与南北向裂谷带密切相关的板片撕裂有关。这些岩脉的延伸方向既有南北向,也有东西向,在构造上可能代表了高原隆升到最大高度后深部拆沉作用导致的山体垮塌伴生的伸展构造有关。

     

金沙江-红河断裂带温泉气体地球化学特征

金沙江-红河断裂带是青藏高原东南缘地热活动强烈、地震活动水平高、各种矿产丰富的深大断裂带。为了探索该断裂带的温泉气体地球化学时空变化特征,2015年3月～2019年7月,经过5次野外考察,采集了54个温泉逸出气体样品,对其化学组分和氦、氖与碳的同位素变化的测试结果表明:(1)金沙江-红河断裂带内温泉气体氦同位素比值(3He/4He)变化范围是0.04～0.62Ra(Ra=空气3He/4He=1.39×10-6),计算获得的幔源氦最大比例达到7.5%,揭示该断裂带内的地质流体主要来自于壳源,幔源氦有从北向南呈现增加的趋势。以CO2为主要组分的温泉,其δ13CCO2值变化范围是-23.6‰～-1.9‰(vs. PDB)。结合区域地质条件分析,这些CO2主要来自三叠系灰岩,所占比例范围是70.1%～89.7%,而幔源CO2的比例最高可以达到4.2%。(2)金沙江-红河断裂带温泉气体的氢气浓度和氦同位素在三处断裂交汇区都出现高峰值,分别是金沙江断裂与巴塘断裂、中甸断裂与红河断裂、红河断裂与小江断裂和奠边府断裂的交汇处。与区域地震活动性的对比分析结果表明,金沙江-红河断裂带内深部流体上涌相对强烈的区域,深部流体对区域地震活动性具有重要的控制作用。     

青藏高原中南部前寒武系及古生界岩石地层组成和时代特征

对青藏高原中南部北羌塘、南羌塘、冈底斯、仲巴、喜马拉雅和昌都6个地区前寒武系及古生界岩石地层的组成和时代特征进行分析,总结了117个群组级岩石地层单位的岩性组合和时代特征,梳理地层划分对比中存在的相关问题。通过调查认为,前人划定的前寒武纪基底大多不再具有典型的变质或结晶基底特征,北羌塘可能具有相对稳定的基底,下古生界包括部分奥陶系和志留系,上古生界不整合在下古生界之上,发育早泥盆世晚期地层及中—上泥盆统、上石炭统和二叠系。南羌塘地区基底性质不明,下古生界以“残块”形式出露在玛依岗日一带,上古生界在南羌塘地区西部和东部一带表现样式不同,在西部日土一带具稳定沉积特点,东部双湖一带为“基质+块体”的俯冲增生杂岩。冈底斯地区,拉萨地块(中部)和聂荣微地体具前寒武纪基底,新元古代末—寒武纪发育一套“双峰式”火山岩,奥陶系可能不整合在前奥陶系之上,奥陶纪—二叠纪均为海相(或海陆过渡相)沉积。仲巴微地体自下而上可由上震旦系—寒武系片岩构造层、奥陶系—泥盆系变质碳酸盐岩构造层、石炭系—二叠系构造层组成。喜马拉雅地区具有较稳定的前寒武系结晶基底,中奥陶世—晚二叠世均沉积一套海相地层。昌都地区可能存在前寒武系基底,下古生界仅零星出露下奥陶统和志留系,上古生界除乐平统与瓜德鲁普统之间为假整合接触外,其余均为较连续的海相沉积地层。     

In Situ Stress Measurements in the Lhasa Terrane, Tibetan Plateau, China

Tectonic activities are frequent in the Lhasa terrane because of the ongoing collision between the India and Eurasia plates. Knowledge of the stress state is critical to evaluate the crustal stability and the design of underground excavations. Because of the limitations imposed by natural conditions,little research has been performed on the present crustal in situ stress in the Tibetan Plateau,and further study is imperative. In this study,hydraulic fracturing measurements were conducted in Nyching County(LZX) and Lang County(LX),Lhasa terrane to characterize the shallow crustal stress state. The results indicate that the stress state in the LZX borehole is markedly different from that in the LX borehole,in both magnitude and orientation. At the same measurement depths,the magnitudes of horizontal principal stresses in the LX borehole are 1.5–3.0 times larger than those in the LZX borehole. The stress regime in the LX borehole favors reverse faulting characterized by SHShSv,where SH,Sh,and Sv are maximum horizontal,minimum horizontal,and vertical principal stresses,respectively. The SH and Sh values are approximately three and two times greater than Sv. Fracture impression results reveal that SH in the LX borehole are predominantly N–S,while in the LZX borehole the maximum horizontal principal stress is mainly in the NNE-direction. The heterogeneity of the regional stress state might be a result of the population and distribution of local structures and seismic activities. The stress state in the LX borehole has exceeded the critical state of failure equilibrium,and there is an optimally orientated pre-existing fault near the borehole. It can be concluded that the optimally orientated fault is likely to be active when the stress has built up sufficiently to destroy the frictional equilibrium; it is suggested that research focus should be placed on this in future. The stress states in boreholes LZX and LX indicate uniformity of the regional stress field and diversity of the local stress fields resulting from the interactions among regional dynamic forces,tectonic stress field,and geological structures.     

青藏高原南部拉萨地块中新世超钾质岩石中的锆石记录

幔源岩浆上升的过程中捕获的锆石为揭示深部地壳"隐藏"的岩浆作用事件提供了宝贵机会。本文对采自南部拉萨地块学那地区的超钾质脉岩中的锆石进行了U-Pb年代学、微量元素和Hf同位素研究。研究结果表明,学那超钾质岩石中的锆石主要展示出4个主要的年龄峰值,分别是:<100Ma、300~400Ma、450~500Ma以及700~850Ma。这些锆石高U/Yb比值、低Y含量的特征暗示起源于大陆地壳。而新生代-中生代(<100Ma)和晚古生代(300~400Ma)的岩浆活动在南部拉萨地块上广泛发育,这表明南部拉萨地块新生地壳物质对学那超钾质岩浆活动的贡献。但是超钾质脉岩中早古生代和元古代(450~500Ma和 700~850Ma)锆石捕掳晶的存在则证实印度大陆地壳物质的加入。此外,从大约55Ma左右开始,锆石颗粒的(Dy/Yb)_N比值开始逐渐增高,ε_Hf(t)值则从+10~+5迅速下降至-10~-25。考虑到南部拉萨地块新生地壳的同位素组成特征,超钾质脉岩中的这些锆石颗粒可能记录了印度-亚洲陆陆汇聚过程中地壳的显著加厚以及俯冲的印度大陆地壳物质对南部拉萨地块后碰撞岩浆作用的贡献。     

青藏高原东北缘西宁黄土物源研究

碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学被认为是研究沉积物物源的有效手段。然而,应用碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学对中国黄土高原进行物源研究时却获得了非常复杂的物源信息。西宁黄土沉积于青藏高原东北缘地区,对其开展碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学研究不仅可以获得其物源信息,同时可以为探讨青藏高原北缘碎屑物质对黄土高原的贡献提供重要依据。碎屑锆石形貌学研究结果表明其可能经历了强烈的物理风化以及多次再循环,同时也可能暗示了物源的高度复杂性。来自不同沉积层位的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄结果表明,西宁黄土碎屑物质的最终来源可能是青藏高原北缘和中亚造山带,且物源区自约1.3 Ma以来可能没有显著变化,但是两者对西宁黄土的相对贡献可能在不同的时期具有微弱的差异。西宁黄土与中国黄土高原中、西部典型剖面的碎屑锆石年龄分布具有高度相似性,暗示了两者的物源区可能很大程度上具有一致性,但具少量差异。     

Comparison of arsenic and heavy metals contamination between existing wetlands and wetlands created by river diversion in the Yellow River estuary,China

Samples were collected at 71 sites in the Yellow River Delta Natural Reserve in December 2010 to represent soil conditions before and after the Yellow River (YR) diversion. The As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Ni concentrations were measured to determine metal contamination levels. Results suggest that Cd concentrations were significantly higher after the YR diversion than before. The As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn soil contamination indices did not exceed contamination levels, although the heavy metal content increased after the YR diversion. The mean concentrations of these heavy metals were lower than the Class I criteria. Correlation analysis shows significant correlations between As and Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations both before and after the YR diversion. However, no significant correlations were observed between heavy metal concentration and pH before the diversion, and no heavy metal concentration was correlated with salinity. The principal component analysis indicates that these trace elements, including As, were closely correlated with each other and therefore likely originated from shared pollution sources before the diversion. These results are useful for assessing the heavy metal contamination and proposing feasible suggestions to improve soil quality.     

根据地震纵波速度分析青藏高原地壳放射性生热率和地幔热状态

从1974年至今,人们对青藏高原的研究积累了大量的地球物理资料。笔者搜集了23条地震剖面纵波数据,利用地震纵波速度和生热率的关系,绘制了各条剖面的地壳岩石生热率随深度变化的等值线,并结合已有的大地热流数据,得到了地幔热流密度分布情况。从地幔热流密度分布可以看出:在班公—怒江缝合带、印度—雅鲁藏布江缝合带、拉萨地体上存在地幔热流较高区域;该区域位于地块碰撞挤压带上,地层构造复杂,地热资源丰富,以著名的羊八井地热田为代表。初步推断该区域地幔岩浆较活跃。     

青藏高原东北缘活动构造与共和盆地高温热异常形成机制

构造作用是影响地球深部内热向地表传输和热能再分配过程的关键因素之一。青藏高原东北缘共和盆地发现高温地热资源,其热源成因机制一直是研究焦点。为理解构造作用对地热资源分布的控制过程,本文选取共和盆地高温地热异常区,分析边界断裂构造性质、活动期次、演化历程,结合钻井、大地电磁和背景噪声成像地球物理异常特征,提出新生代构造演化和地热异常形成的耦合关系。认为:1)青藏高原东北缘共和盆地及周缘变形区形成于昆仑断裂和海源断裂大型活动左旋走滑作用的滑动消减带;2)共和盆地新生代以来经历中新世(12–6 Ma)旋转泛湖盆凹陷、上新世—第四纪(6–3 Ma)盆内张扭变形两期主要演化阶段;3)共和盆地上地壳发育的与高温相关的地球物理低速-高导异常层(Vs<3.2km/s,R<10Ω·m)是主导热源;4)上新世持续左旋走滑变形导致的岩石圈隆起变形是深部热能向浅层传输的主要动力学机制,浅部热能聚集成热过程至少延续到了3Ma;5)预测青藏高原东北缘与共和盆地具有类似构造演化性质的次生盆地具有高温地热资源发育的条件。     

Sources and contamination characteristics of PAHs in environmental media in a karst underground river system (southern China)

The aim of this study was to determine the sources and contamination characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in various environmental media in a karst underground river system. For this purpose, air, underground river water, sediment, and soil samples were collected from a typical underground river in southern China in the dry and wet seasons of 2013–2014, and the compositional spectra, distribution, and ratio characteristics of 16 PAHs were determined for comparative analysis. The results show that three 2–3-ring PAHs (naphthalene, phenanthrene, and fluoranthene) mainly occur in air and underground river water. In sediments and soils, 4–6-ring PAHs are the main components. The PAH concentrations in the air in the wet season are clearly greater than those in the dry season, while it is the opposite in the underground water. Seasonal differences in the concentration of PAHs in the sediments and soils are minor. The concentrations of PAHs in the environmental media overall showed variation in the following order: upstream < midstream < downstream, and this is related to pollutant discharge, adsorption, etc. The main source of PAHs in the upstream area is the combustion of grass, wood, and coal, while it is petroleum in the midstream area, and combustion of grass, wood, coal, and petroleum near the outlet of the underground river. It is necessary to change the energy structure in the study area, improve the efficiency of environmental protection facilities, reduce the emission in vehicle exhaust, and control pollution by PAHs at their sources.     

青藏高原那曲河流域降水及河流水体中氧稳定同位素研究

根据青藏高原中部那曲河流域1998年夏季测得的上下游中稳定同位素的日变化,并与同期观测的流域降水中稳定同位素比较,分析了河水中δ18O的变化特征,初步研究了该流域的稳定同位素水文循环过程.河水中δ18O的变化幅度远小于降水,它是降水中δ18O、降水量以及地表蒸发过程共同作用的结果.研究发现湖水对于稳定同位素变化起着显著的调节作用.河水中δ18O与流域降水中δ18O的差异可能反映了该流域强烈的地表和湖面蒸发作用.