河南省岩土体类型及主要环境工程地质问题刍议

河南省地处中原,交通发达,人口稠密,人类工程经济活动强烈。全省地貌类型齐全,岩土体类型复杂。在水库建设、矿产开发和铁路公路建设中出现了一系列环境工程地质问题,岩土体类型不同,其工程地质特性各异,产生的环境工程地质问题亦不尽相同。分析岩土体类型及其工程地质特征,是治理环境工程地质问题、防治人为灾害的基础。本文介绍了河南省岩土体类型及其主要工程地质特征。对水库区、采矿区及交通建设中出现的环境工程地质问题进行了详细论述,为治理环境工程地质问题、防治人为灾害提供了地学依据。     

河南省黄河下游重大生态环境地质问题及对策研究

文章在收集分析大量最新资料基础上 ,阐述了河南省黄河下游存在的水资源持续衰减、水质污染、地面沉降、地裂缝、水土环境异常、黄河断流及影响黄河下游河道稳定的河道淤积与悬差、活动断裂、基底活动性等重大生态环境地质问题 ;根据溃决和冲决两种模式分析评价结果 ,以及专家评价系统 ,从环境工程地质角度 ,对不同堤岸段进行稳定评价 ;对已出现的重大环境地质问题提出了相应的防治对策。对国土资源开发、地质灾害评估、防洪抢险、地质生态环境保护及管理 ,具有较高的参考价值。     

济南城市发展的工程地质适宜性评价研究

根据济南市总体发展规划,针对济南城区和400km2的规划新区,结合济南地区地质条件和地形、地貌特征,通过对济南地区工程地质特征分析、不良工程地质问题及地质灾害评价,论述了济南地区不同地段的工程地质特点及工程地质性质,利用加权平均值法对工程建设适宜性进行了评价,将济南城区和400km2的规划新区划分为适宜区、较适宜区、适宜性差区和不适宜建设区四类。根据济南城市规划,划分为中心城区、东部产业带、西部片区、北部片区4个主要功能区,按不同区域工程地质条件对城市规划建设提出了建设建议。     

南京地铁南北线主要工程地质问题认识与评价

介绍了南京地铁南北线一期工程的工程概况及工程地质条件.地铁建设场址区沿线地形复杂,地铁要频繁穿过基岩和河漫滩软土及古河床的饱水粉细砂层,由此引发较多的工程地质问题.结合优势面分析理论讨论了南京地铁建设所遇到的主要工程地质问题:区域稳定性问题、砂土液化问题、围岩稳定性问题、工程水害与渗透变形问题、地基不均匀沉降问题,并针对具体问题提出了在地铁施工中的相应解决办法.实践证明,认清工程建设中所存在的工程地质问题并作出科学评价,对工程建设的勘察、施工、设计都是至关重要的.     

公路下伏煤矿采空区问题研究与探讨

在论述公路下伏煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上,阐述了采空区勘察方法的基本内容,分析与评价了煤矿采空区的地面变形特点和危害性,提出了煤矿采空区治理方案与存在的问题.     

日照市区花岗岩残积土工程地质特征研究

残积土作为一种特殊土,其工程地质性质往往因母岩类型、地质环境及风化条件的不同差异很大。该文通过对野外资料、室内试验及原位测试等手段所获得的大量数据的整理分析,对日照市区花岗岩残积土的工程地质性质进行了初步研究,论述了日照市区花岗岩残积土的成因、分布、工程地质性质以及工程建设中残积土利用的问题。在残积土物理、力学性质试验的基础上,结合当地的工程实践经验,提出了花岗岩残积土的压缩模量（Es）、地基承载力特征值（fak）等物理力学指标的建议值,为日照市城市建设的发展提供了一定的地质依据。     

中国环境工程地质的发展现状与未来

本文对我国环境工程地质的发展简况、研究现状和末来所面临的问题等进行了回顾、概括和展望,指出我国环境工程地质问题日趋复杂。从防御和保护环境出发,我国未来的环境地质问题将以沿海地区、长江中下游沿江地带和内陆大中城市地区为重点。建立经济、社会和环境协调发展的环境工程地质的科学体系已成为当务之急。     

环境工程地质质量多级模糊综合评判的基本思想与步骤

环境工程地质质量综合评价是一个复杂的系统工程。影响质量评价的因素众多而又十分复杂,且各因素的影响程度也不相同,质量优劣的分级界线亦是模糊的。本文仅就采用多级模糊综合评判的方法,考虑多个因素的综合作用,对环境工程地质质量进行评价的基本思想途径与步骤方法,作一初步论述。此方法清晰、易用,能使更多影响质量评价的因素真实参与评判。这是一条环境工程地质质量评价由定性走向定量的有效途径,值得探索。     

东营市城区第四纪松散堆积物工程建筑适宜性评价

从工程地质角度,以东营城区0～50m的土体为研究对象,分析了土体的工程地质特征,采用专家类聚法,对一般工业民用建筑和高层重型建筑物场地的工程建筑适宜性做出了评价并进行了区域划分,对东营城区将来的工程建设规划具有重要的指导意义。     

浙江工程建设中的环境工程地质问题

环境工程地质是工程地质的一个新兴分支.它是研究合理利用和保护地质环境的科学.人们在进行工程建设和其它生产活动中,会使地质环境的自然平衡遭到破坏,以致给工程建设和人类生活等带来危害.环境工程地质工作包括考察、预测、治理、开发利用、保护等几个方面.     

临沂市城市地下空间资源地质调查评价研究

临沂市城市建设发展迅速,城市面貌日新月异,但高楼密集、交通拥挤等问题也逐渐显现出来,城市建设需要更多的空间,开发利用城市地下空间已是首要解决的问题。临沂市位于沂沭断裂带与临沂单斜、平邑-方城盆地多个地质单元的交会处,断裂构造发育,地震活动强烈,地质条件复杂,城市地下空间开发的影响因素众多,该文从水文及水文地质条件、工程地质条件、环境地质条件、人类工程活动等方面对临沂城市地下空间资源地质环境适宜性进行了分析研究,提出了其主要制约因素为极其发育的活动性断裂的看法,凡是活动性断裂对地下空间开发有影响的区域,均为地下空间资源开发制约区。评价结论对于提高城市发展格局、提高城市空间利用率、指导城市空间开发利用规划具有一定的参考意义。     

怒江左岸小型水电工程地质环境适宜性评价

通过现场调查和理论分析,研究了拟建的怒江左岸马跨地—俄夺罗水电站工程建设区地质环境条件及地质灾害类型、分布、规模,分析了地质环境条件对水电工程的影响及水电站建设和运营过程中对地质环境条件的影响,探讨了怒江左岸小型水电工程地质环境适宜性,提出了地质灾害防治措施建议。认为从地质环境条件看,怒江左岸建设小型水电工程是基本适宜的。     

辉县宝泉抽水蓄能电站区域稳定性分析

宝泉抽水蓄能电站拟建于太行山东南麓河南省辉县薄壁镇境内。工程区区域稳定性程度将直接影响电站建设。该文根据区域地形地貌及第四纪地层岩性结构特征,论述了区内主要断裂及其近期活动性,对工程区的稳定性进行了分析。     

High slope stability of diversion power system intake of Jinchuan hydropower station

The excavated height of the left bank slope of the diversion power system intake in Jinchuan hydropower station is about 16o m. The stability and safety of the slope during construction and its operation/utilization become one of the most important geological engineering problems. At the same time, it is also crucial to select a safe and economic excavation gradient for the construction. We studied the problem of how to select a safe and economic slope ratio by analyzing the geological condition of the high slope, including the lithology, slope structure, structural surface and their combinations, rock weathering and unloading, hydrology, and the natural gradient. The study results showed that the use of an excavation gradient larger than the gradient observed during site investigation and the gradient recommended in standards and field practice manuals is feasible. Then, we used the finite element method and rigid limit equilibrium method to evaluate the stability of the excavation slope under natural, rainstorm and earthquake conditions. The calculated results showed that the excavated slope only has limited failure, but its stability is greatly satisfactory. The research findings can be useful in excavation and slope stabilization projects.     

孟州市府大楼整体搬迁岩土工程实录

孟州市政府办公大楼整体搬迁的场地工程地质勘察，分部进行，即划分成搬迁路径和永久性地基两个单元。既做独立分析，又进行整体评价；既提供搬迁所需岩土工程指标，又为施工提出一些切合实际的建议。准确可靠的工程地质勘察资料，促成了大楼的整体迁移和永久定位。     

河南省平原区活动断裂特征及其工程防范初探

河南省平原地区的活动断裂，绝大部分是伏于第四系松散层之下的隐伏断裂。本文就活动断裂的类型、空间展布、活动方式与强度和引发的地质灾害及其规划性工程对策等，予以系统阐述     

Engineering geological assessment for route selection of railway line in geologically active area: A case study in China

The Cheng-Lan railway links Chengdu, a central city in Southwestern China, and Lanzhou, a central city in Northwestern China. The railway passes through the Longmenshan fault zone (Wenchuan earthquake happened there on May 12, 2008), Minjiang fault zone, and Dongkunlun fault zone, which are all active. It runs over the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, and crosses high mountains and deep valleys. There exists, along the railway’s alignment, different kinds of strata of hard granite and soft, weak metamorphic rocks such as carbonaceous slate, schist, and phyllite. It is, therefore, a key issue for such an infrastructure construction to assess the engineering geological conditions and risks, so as to mitigate or avoid possible georisks and to offer optional designs. Geological survey and georisk assessment along the railway corridor are carried out. Special attention is given to active faults, earthquakes and seismic zones. Based on these, discussions about geological aspects for route selection of the railway are conducted and countermeasures for georisk control are proposed accordingly. Main conclusions are achieved as follows: (1) Geohazards such as landslides, rockfalls and debries flows dominate both the route selection of the railway and the engineering structures (e.g., tunnels or bridges) adopted; (2) Tunnel has been proved to be an excellent structure for linear engineering in geologically active area; and (3) In the case where avoiding is impractical, necessary protection measures should be taken to engineering slopes in high earthquake intensity areas, especially the area with earthquake of Ms. 8 or greater.     

浅地震反射剖面揭示地震小区划覆盖层厚度及隐伏断裂——以九江芳兰规划区为例

以九江芳兰规划区为例,利用浅层地震反射方法获取小区划工区的覆盖层厚度,并查明周边隐伏断裂位置及特征。结合钻孔资料对比解译,对地震小区划工作提供基础地震地质信息,同时为该区的活断层探测和地震危险性评价提供参考资料。     

Geo-engineering lessons learned from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan and their significance to reconstruction

The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan of China was the result of quake-triggering along an active several hundred-kilometer-long fault. The subsequent landslides and debris flow geohazards are dominating factors in planning post-disaster recovery and rebuilding. This paper presents recommendations for coping with large-scale geohazards and disasters. It is essential to establish a national emergency management system for huge scale catastrophe and earthquake precursor identification. Town construction must be kept away from active faults, especially to improve town safety in areas with high risk of seismic and geological hazards, and it is important to improve geohazard investigation and remediation for mountain areas that have become loosened by earthquake activity. Geological factors must be better understood to reduce direct and secondary risks and effects of earthquakes. Site selections for public relocation require clear and informed analysis of geological and social risk reduction, so that relocation, infrastructure reconstruction, and commemorative relic-sites can be protected.     

Mechanism of colluvial landslide induction by rainfall and slope construction: A case study

The landslide hazards occurring in the complex geological genesis accumulation body are usually controlled by the coupling action of many internal and external factors. Therefore, this paper takes the dam-front Danbo accumulation body landslide of Yangfanggou hydropower station on the Yalong River as the geological prototype, and discusses the process and mechanism of slope stability degradation under the combined action of rainfall and slope construction. Based on the detailed understanding of the basic characteristics of the accumulation body, the development characteristics of the landslide and the construction situation of the slope engineering, the study conducted correlation analysis between rainfall and landslide displacement, the physical and mechanical tests of all types of rocksoil masses, and the numerical simulation testing of seepage field variation of the landslide section. It is found that the special slope structure and material composition of the old landslide accumulation layer on the upper part of the Danbo accumulation body are the internal factors for the occurrence of thrust loadinduced landslide, and the construction of the slope engineering not only creates free space conditions for sliding, but also provides channels for the infiltration of rainfall into the slope after confluence, which is an external factor that caused the mechanical properties of the sliding zone soil to gradually weaken from the trailing edge to the leading edge. The geomechanical model of such landslide is that the active section of the trailing edge produces the "source of force", the transition section of the middle section affects the occurrence of sliding, and the anti-sliding section of the leading edge controls the occurrence of landslide hazards. The results of this research provide not only a useful supplement to the theory of landslide formation mechanisms but also a scientific basis for guiding the prevention and control of similar hazards.