红鳍笛鲷胸腺显微结构的研究

通过对红鳍笛鲷胸腺进行形态解剖和显微镜结构的观察,结果表明,红鳍笛鲷的胸腺位于鳃腔背上角深处,紧贴鳃腔膜下,左右各一个,呈对称分布.分为三个区:外区、中区和内区;外区主要含由网状上皮细胞、粘液细胞和少量的淋巴细胞构成;中区和内区分界不明显,中区染色较深,细胞排列紧密,含有较多淋巴细胞,而内区染色较浅,细胞排列疏松,网状细胞明显增多.中区和内区主要由淋巴细胞和网状上皮细胞构成.通过组织化学的染色观察,发现红鳍笛鲷胸腺的分泌细胞分泌旺盛,多糖丰富.胸腺不仅是一个淋巴组织,也是一个免疫器官.     

基于混合效应模型的海州湾方氏云鳚的生长动态及其影响因素分析

本研究利用2015-2019年海州湾方氏云鳚（Pholis fangi）耳石样本,基于线性混合效应模型（LMEM）研究了方氏云鳚在2013-2018年内生长速度的年际变化,评估了不同年龄阶段的方氏云鳚的生长对底层温度、叶绿素含量和种群密度等外界因素的响应。结果表明：方氏云鳚个体在不同年龄的耳石增量具有明显差异,0龄平均耳石增量为0.327 mm,显著高于高龄耳石增量。模型随机效应表明,方氏云鳚的生长速度在2013-2016年呈现逐步变快的趋势,在2016-2018年波动较为明显。方氏云鳚0龄时期生长速度的主要影响因素为底层温度和种群密度,其生长速度随温度的上升先加快后降低,随种群密度的增加而降低。方氏云鳚1龄时期的生长速度受底层温度和饵料等环境因素的影响不显著,体现了成体对环境的适应能力。本研究深入解析了鱼类的生长动态对生物和非生物因素的响应,有助于应对未来气候变化对渔业生态系统的影响。     

牙鲆胸腺的组织学研究

牙鲆的胸腺位于鳃腔背面结缔组织膜上,紧贴着肾脏的头部,界限清晰,胸腺不向咽腔突出,胸腺上皮没有粘液细胞。牙鲆胸腺没有明显的外区和内区之分,胸腺细胞和巨噬细胞比较均匀地分布于整个组织中,未能观察到胸腺小体。在胸腺的细胞类型上,首次发现了大量的交错突细胞,常与淋巴细胞相伴,其特点是具有大量的”迷路样”膜结构。同时还发现,牙鲆胸腺可以不对称并存在快速退化现象,在3月龄时最易观察,而6月龄以上的牙鲆即退化消失。     

大头鳕Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius摄食食性的初步研究

于2002年11月、12月共采集67尾黄海大头鳕，对其胃含物进行了初步分析。结果表明：大头鳕食物中出现的主要种类有鱼类、甲壳类、瓣鳃类、头足类、蛇尾类和海绵等六个生物类群，共22多种，其中主要有小黄鱼、方氏云鳚、大头鳕、脊腹褐虾、太平洋磷虾等。本文还对不同年份大头鳕食饵更替进行了探讨。     

大黄鱼早期发育过程中免疫器官的发生

应用显微与超微技术研究了大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)初孵仔鱼至60日龄幼鱼免疫器官——头肾、胸腺与脾脏的发育.结果表明,免疫器官原基出现的先后顺序是头肾、脾脏和胸腺.3日龄仔鱼出现头肾原基,原始造血干细胞最早被发现于头肾,很快分化成不同类型的细胞.4日龄仔鱼出现脾脏原基和胸腺原基.脾脏靠近内脏,含大量窦状隙,有丰富的毛细血管、血细胞与血小板.胸腺是最迟出现的淋巴器官,但发育较快.胸腺位于鳃腔背上角,主要由胸腺细胞(淋巴细胞)和上皮细胞组成,分为外区和内区,二者虽没有明显界限,但容易区分.免疫器官出现小淋巴细胞顺序是胸腺、头肾和脾脏;淋巴组织的发育相对滞后.在大黄鱼仔鱼早期发育阶段,非特异性免疫系统起着重要作用.     

基于16S rRNA 部分序列探讨部分鳚亚目鱼类的分子系统进化关系

通过PCR扩增获得了3科5属6种中国黄渤海海域的鳚亚目(Blennioidei)鱼类的线粒体16S rRNA基因序列片段约669bp碱基,结合来自 GenBank的5种鳚亚目其他科鱼类的相应基因片段,并以眼斑雪冰鱼(Chionodraco rastrospinosus)为外群,生成供系统发育分析的序列矩阵,利用MEGA 4.0软件分析序列的碱基组成、差异百分比、转换/颠换值等,应用最大简约法(MP)和邻接法(NJ)构建系统发育树.结果显示:在鳚亚目鱼类的16S rRNA 片段生成的序列矩阵中发现有碱基的插入缺失现象,共有207 bp变异位点,转换/颠换值为0.8,碱基平均差异为3.36;支持绵鳚(Enchelyopus elongates)归于鳚亚目绵鳚科(Zoarcidae),鳚(Azuma emmnion)归于鳚亚目线鳚科(Stichaeidae);方氏云鳚(Enedrias fangi)和云鳚(Enedrias nebulosus)种间遗传距离只有0.01,亲缘关系最近.     

不同采样设计对估计鱼类空间格局指数的影响

查明渔业种群空间格局可为渔业资源的合理利用和管理提供参考依据.在渔业资源调查中,采样设计会影响调查分析结果的准确性和适用性.为查明采样设计对分析种群空间格局的影响,本文根据2016年10月、2017年2月、5月、8月在山东南部近海调查获得的数据,以星康吉鳗(Conger myri-aster)、方氏云鳚(Enedria...     

波纹龙虾呼吸系统组织学和组织化学的研究

利用光镜对波纹龙虾(Panulirushomarus)呼吸器官——鳃的横切面进行组织学研究。结果表明,鳃的外层由两层角质膜和一层立方上皮构成;鳃的背方上下排列的2个管腔分别为出鳃血管和入鳃血管,腹方为结缔组织膜形成的鳃轴;鳃丝内有流入沟、流出沟和由结缔组织形成的纵走隔膜。采用Feulgen法等6种方法,对角质膜、鳃上皮、鳃丝、鳃轴、出鳃血管和入鳃血管等结构分别进行了组织化学研究。     

甲壳动物渗透压调节的研究进展Ⅰ．鳃的结构与功能及其影响因子

甲壳动物渗透压调节是其生命过程中非常重要的生理活动。调节过程主要由鳃上皮来完成。综述了鳃上皮的结构与功能以及它在调节渗透压时的生化特点、生理机制和它在盐度变化时 的形态结构变化、生理生化过程。     

牙鲆鳃淋巴样组织内免疫相关细胞的超微结构

利用电镜技术观察海水鱼类牙鲆鳃小片的基本结构及其免疫相关细胞的分布和形态。牙鲆的鳃小片主要由扁平上皮细胞和柱细胞构成 ,血窦腔极为发达。鳃小片在功能上可分为两个区 :气体交换区和免疫区。气体交换区位于上半部分 ,血窦内主要分布着红细胞 ;免疫区位于鳃小片基部 ,血窦腔中分布着各种免疫相关细胞 :淋巴细胞、单核细胞、中性粒细胞和酸性粒细胞。此外 ,还观察到了泌氯细胞和粘液细胞。研究结果证明 ,牙鲆的鳃在局部粘膜免疫中具有重要的作用 ,是鱼类免疫体系中的有机组成成分之一     

Ontogeny of immune organs during early development stage of P.crocea

A histological and ultrastructural study was performed on the development of the head kidney, thymus, and spleen in Pseudosciaena crocea aging in range from just hatching to the 60th day after hatching (DAH). Head kidney was first present on the 3rd DAH. Primordial haemopoietic stem cells were first observed in the head kidney which rapidly differentiate into different cellular types. Progenitor spleen was present on the 4th DAH, located close to the gut, which soon became rich in blood capillaries, red blood cells and thrombocytes. The thymus was obvious on the 4th DAH, and was located on either side of the upper corner of the opercular cavity, closely under the membrance of the opercuhr cavity. The thymus was the last lymphoid organ to appear but showed a quick development. This organ seemed to originate from haemopoietic stem cells migrating from the head region of the kidney. The thymus consisted of outer thymocytic and inner epithelioid zones. There was no obvious demarcation between them, but both zones were visible. Small lymphocytes appeared, or lymphoid organs become lymphoid, in the sequence thymus, head kidney and spleen. Only a small number of lymphocytes appeared in the later stages. Non-specific systems may play an important role in the immunocompetence mechanisms of P. crocea during its early development stage.     

Performance evaluation of fixed-station sampling design for a fishery-independent survey with multiple objectives

Fixed-station sampling design was widely used in fishery-independent surveys because of its characteristics of convenient sampling station setting, but the non-probabilistic(fixed) nature made it more uncertainty of drawing inferences on population. The performance of fixed-station sampling design for multispecies survey has not been evaluated, and we are uncertain if the design could detect the temporal trends of different populations in multispecies fishery-independent survey. In this study, s...     

Biological effects on viviparous blenny exposed to chrysene and held in synthetic as well as in natural brackish water

Viviparous blenny (Zoarces viviparous) were exposed to chrysene and held in natural brackish water as well as in two different synthetic brackish waters, all with a salinity of 6.8%. After 10 weeks of exposure a number of different biomarkers was analysed. The result indicated increased ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity and the formation of two different DNA adduct spots in the liver tissue, as a result of the chrysene exposure. Very similar results of the chrysene exposure were obtained in blenny held in the two synthetic brackish waters. No influence of the synthetically made waters compared to the natural brackish water could be observed on the biomarkers investigated in the study.     

马尾藻多糖的抗肿瘤作用及其免疫功能的研究

分别以马尾藻多糖(SP)、环磷酰胺对H22荷瘤NIH小鼠灌胃给药,通过建立H22:实体瘤小鼠模型和H22腹水瘤小鼠模型,测定其抑瘤率、胸腺指教、脾指数、免疫球蛋白及T淋巴细胞数量等指标,观察马尾藻多糖在H22腹水瘤小鼠体内的抗肿瘤作用及其机理、对H22腹水瘤小鼠生命延长的影响和体内T淋巴细胞数量的变化.结果表明,马尾藻多糖对H22荷瘤小鼠有明显的抑瘤作用,其质量比为100 mg/kg时的抑瘤效果最好,抑瘤率达到61.3%;H22腹水瘤小鼠经SP灌胃后,胸腺指数、脾指数、T淋巴细胞数和白细胞数均有明显升高;SP能显著提高H22腹水瘤小鼠的平均生存时问,SP质量比为100 mg/kg时效果最好,H22腹水瘤小鼠生命延长率为69.87%.     

Population Structure of Blennius incognitos BATH 1968 (Pisces: Teleostei: Blen-niidae) during the Reproductive Period with Comments on Age and Growth of Small Benthic Littoral Fishes

Abstract. Length frequency distribution, condition factor and parasite infection of Blennius incog-nitus from three different areas near Rovinj, Yugoslavia have been investigated. Differences between considered parameters in three populations of B. incognitus have been found and discussed. Fishes were aged by otolith reading. Mean life span, growth rate, sex ratio and a sexual dimorphism in body size were noted in this littoral blenny. Our findings are discussed and compared with data on comparable littoral fishes.     

Seasonal and ontogenetic changes in the diet of blenny Hypleurochilus fissicornis: An estuarine mariculture as a model of the reef environment

The Blenniidae family is characterised by small cryptic fish. Due to the small size of these specimens, the sampling is very difficult and information about the ecological role of these fishes is vague. However, mariculture adds reef encrusting organisms that attract blennies, which makes sampling easier. Furthermore, recognising species feeding is critical to understand biological communities. In this study, we evaluated the diet of blenny Hypleurochilus fissicornis in a mariculture, to clarify its influence on the benthic fauna and its interactions with the reef environment. We evaluated the seasonal variation (four seasons chosen by the abiotic variables) and the ontogenic changes (three classes defined by L₅₀ of the species: juvenile, transition and adult) in the diet. Hydrozoans were the main prey, but H. fissicornis fed on a variety of other benthic organisms, exhibiting opportunistic habits. The diet of H. fissicornis was complemented by Amphipods in autumn, Ostracods in winter, and bivalves in summer. Juveniles fed more on Ostracods than the other classes, while the transition class fed mainly on Hydrozoans and a variety of rare items, and adults consumed almost exclusively Hydrozoans and some Cirripedia. Therefore, we conclude that H. fissicornis is an opportunistic feeder and may influence benthic organisms. The establishment of fouling organisms on the mariculture structures allows the use of this area by the blenny, since they promote its feeding base.     

单条胶黏藻Dumontia simplex Cotton的生长状态研究与分子分析

对分布在黄、渤海沿岸的单条胶黏藻Dumontia simplex Cotton的形态结构、生物量、成熟个体比例与成熟个体生物量/总生物量(R/T指数)的变化、温度性质以及rbcL、COI基因序列进行了详细研究。结果表明:(1)10个采集地点的单条胶黏藻藻体直立、扁平或螺旋状,质地胶质黏滑,颜色为红色或紫红色。在大连黑石礁与付家庄采集到的藻体长度和宽度明显高于其他采集地点;(2)藻体由皮层与髓部组成,皮层由4—8层细胞组成,髓部有疏松的根丝细胞。囊果散生,包埋于皮层内,刚发育的囊果较小,色淡,随着藻体生长囊果变大,颜色加深。四分孢子囊侧生在内皮层上,成熟的四分孢子囊呈十字形分裂;(3)4月生物量最大,平均生物量为4.384g/m2。12月至次年6月成熟个体比例逐渐增大,6月达到100%,且均为四分孢子体;(4)单条胶黏藻生长周期为12月至次年6月,属于一年生海藻,温度性质属于亚寒带性;(5)rbcL与COI基因序列分析表明,十个采集地点的样本间无碱基差异,与产自美国单条胶黏藻聚在一起,形成一个独立的分支,均确定为单条胶黏藻。     

渤海、黄海、东海M2潮汐潮流的三维数值模拟

利用建立的一种新的半隐半显三维数值格式,将渤海、黄海、东海作为一个整体,采用球面坐标系下的三维潮波方程组,考虑了引潮力的作用,数值模拟了渤海、黄海、东海的M₂分潮的潮汐与潮流,结果较好地体现了渤海、黄海、东海M₂分潮的特征.通过比较65个验潮站的实测值与计算值,所得计算结果的振幅差平均为6.4cm,相角差为6.1°,计算与实测符合良好.本文给出的问潮图与Fang于1986年给出的实测占数值综合结果基本一致.对选取的47个测流站,比较了各层潮流调和常数Ucosζ、Usinζ、Vcosη、Vsinη的计算值与实测值的偏差,偏差绝对值的平均在2.6～4.9cm/s之间.并比较分析了潮流的垂直结构,所得结果与实测符合较好.首次揭示出回流点的水平位置不随深度变化这一特性.最后给出了M₂分潮的潮能消耗.