Analysis of NBS Coal Standard Reference Materials 1632a and 1635 by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis

NBS SRM 1635 and NBS SRM 1632a were analyzed for trace and minor element contents by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The results of these analyses show excellent agreement with NBS certified values and/or literature values.     

Determination of Trace Elements in Selected Geological Reference Materials by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis

Data are presented for eight rare earth elements and ten other elements in 22 reference samples recently distributed by the University of Liege (Belgian sedimentary rock reference samples), the Geological and Mining Service (Suriname), the Geological Survey of Japan and the Venezuelan laterite. Determinations were made using a well characterised, high precision, neutron activation analysis technique.     

Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis of Silicate Rock Standards AN-G, BHVO-1, QLO-1, RGM-1, and STM-1

Silicate rock standards AN-G, BHVO-1, QLO-1, RGM-1, SDC-1 and STM-1 have been analyzed for 7 REE (La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb and Lu), Na₂O, FeO_t, Sc, Co, Cr, Ta, Hf and Th by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The mean values are compared to those from other studies reported in the literature.     

Comparison of Rare-Earth Element Data Obtained by Neutron Activation Analysis Using International Rock and Multielement Solution Standards

The authors have used a high-purity multielement solution, containing known quantities of individual Pare earth elements, as a reference standard in neutron activation analysis of rare earths in several international standard rocks. The data obtained by the authors have been compared with those obtained using the international standard rock Basalt BCR-1 as a reference material. The authors'data compare favourably with those obtained by other workers, particularly for the more basic rock types, and encourages the authors to suggest that a multielement solution standard can be used successfully for neutron activation analysis of rave earth elements. High values obtained for Ce in Basalt BCR-1, however, might indicate that the behaviour of Ce in solution needs further investigation.     

Determination of Trace Elements in BCS CRM 313/1 (BAS) and NIST SRM 1830 by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry and Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis

In the past, there has been little interest in the trace element characteristics of quartz, and in consequence little activity in the trace element characteristics of reference materials with high silicon content. The main purpose of this paper is to contribute to the characterisation of two international certified reference materials, BCS 313/1 from the Bureau of Analysed Samples, (BAS), UK and SRM 1830 from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA. BCS 313/1 was analysed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), solution ICP-MS and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). NIST SRM 1830 was analysed by LA-ICP-MS and INAA. Analytical results are reported for more than forty elements, most of them for the first time. For most elements, the results obtained by the different methods agree within 15 % relative. The recent, heightened interest in quartz and in particular the precise determination of trace0element contents in natural quartz samples requires the use of well characterised reference materials such as BCS 313/1 and SRM 1830, to which this study is designed to contribute.     

岩矿与单矿物中金的堆中子活化分析

痕量金的分析,目前采用的化学分析方法,由于灵敏度较差,不能满足地质上的要求。河南省局实验室的改进光谱法是目前推广的方法。中子活化分析法,由于其核的特征反应,所以具有灵敏度高、选择性好及取样量少的特点,对单矿物中金的分析是其它方法所不及的,且能进行多元素同时分析。     

大洋多金属结核和深海沉积物标准物质中铂族元素的中子活化分析

采用镍锍试金预富集 中子活化分析方法,测定了大洋多金属结核标准物质ＧＳＰＮ ２、ＧＳＰＮ ３和深海沉积物标准物质ＧＳＭＳ ２、ＧＳＭＳ ３中的铂族元素;根据大洋样品成分特征,对常规的镍锍试金配方和熔炼条件作了改善;计算了活化分析中的铂族元素干扰核反应,校正了Ａｕ对Ｐｔ的二级干扰;选用羰基化镍粉配料,降低了铂族元素空白值。用国家一级标准物质ＧＢＷ０７１０２作了对照分析,结果与标准值相符。     

Neutron Activation Analysis of Two USGS Rock Reference Samples (Granite G-2, Andesite AGV-I) and Discussion in The Light of Compiled Data

New data for 21 trace elements including eight rare-earths, determined by neutron activation analysis (NAA) in two rook reference samples (Granite G-2, Andesite AGV-1), are compared with the preferred values previously proposed. Using compiled data published in 1969 and in 1972, further comparisons are made with the preferred means calculated for different methods of trace analysis. NAA data compiled in 1969 and in 1972 and new results published since then are assembled in two tables for the 21 elements. These 1976 NAA data lead us to suggest slight revisions of the preferred values for five to ton elements in each sample.     

Neutron Activation Analysis Applied to the Determination of Heavy Metals and Other Trace Elements in Sediments from Sepetiba Bay (RJ), Brazil

In this work, instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was applied to the determination of the elements As, Ba, Br, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, La, Lu, Nd, Rb, Sc, Sm, Ta, Tb, Th, U, Yb, Zn in twenty eight bottom sediment samples from Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. With the concentration data obtained, contour maps were prepared, by using Kriging method, to show the spatial distribution of the studied elements in the Bay. The elements Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Sc, Ta and Zn showed similar behaviour in the sediments, with higher concentrations along the northern coast of the bay, where the fluvial water inputs are concentrated. The distribution of U, rare earth elements and Ba in the Bay indicates that these elements are not deposited as contaminants.     

Accurate Determination of Chlorine,Bromine and Iodine in U.S. Geological Survey Geochemical Reference Materials by Radiochemical Neutron Activation Analysis

Trace amounts of three halogens (chlorine, bromine and iodine) in seventeen U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) geochemical reference materials were determined by radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA). The materials analysed were AGV‐2 (andesite), BCR‐2, BHVO‐2 and BIR‐1a (basalts), CLB‐1 (coal), COQ‐1 (carbonatite), DGPM‐1 (disseminated gold ore), DNC‐1a (dolerite), DTS‐2b (dunite), GSP‐2 (granodiorite), Nod‐A‐1 and Nod‐P‐1 (manganese nodules), QLO‐1a (quartz latite), SBC‐1 (marine shale), SDC‐1 (mica schist), SGR‐1b (shale rock) and W‐2a (diabase). The chlorine, bromine and iodine contents were determined to be 5.64 mg kg^?1 (BIR‐1a) to 4410 mg kg^?1 (Nod‐A‐1), 0.039 mg kg^?1 (BIR‐1a) to 52.1 mg kg^?1 (CLB‐1), and 0.041 mg kg^?1 (BIR‐1a) to 599 mg kg^?1 (CLB‐1), respectively. The RNAA data of the three halogens were compared with the corresponding data in the literature.     

Determination of Ti, K, Sm and Gd Values in Geological Survey of Japan Reference Materials by Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis

Prompt gamma neutron activation analysis was applied to the determination of the titanium, potassium, samarium and gadolinium contents of nine Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ) reference materials (JB-1, 1a, 2, 3; JA-1, 2, 3; JR-1, 2). Firstly, the values in JB-1 were determined by the standard addition method: pressed powder disks of JB-1 were used for neutron irradiation and gamma-ray measurements, after known quantities of standard reagents had been added. Secondly, the contents of eight other reference materials were determined by comparison methods using JB-1 as the comparative standard. The precision of analyses were obtained by replicate determinations on these samples. The relative standard deviation was generally less than 5%. For most samples, analysed values agreed well (< 5%) with the recommended values.     

选择性溶解-钒酸盐滴定法测定铀矿石及含铀岩石中六价铀

通过对铀矿石及含铀岩石中六价铀在碳酸盐体系中的溶解行为的试验研究,确定了矿样在密封条件下,六价铀与碳酸盐形成「ＵＯ２（ＣＯ３）３）」＾４－而转入溶液,同铀（Ⅳ）、铁（Ⅱ）、铁（Ⅲ）等分离的最佳条件。制备液用亚铁还原－钒酸盐滴定法测定。对不同类型样品中的总铀、铀（Ⅳ）和铀（Ⅵ）进行测定,结果表明,本法简便易行,结果稳定,准确度、重现性好。     

Determination of Selenium and Tellurium in Basalt Rock Reference Materials by Isotope Dilution Hydride Generation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ID-HG-ICP-MS)

Promising methods have been developed recently for the determination of selenium (Se) and tellurium (Te) in geological materials at ng g⁻¹ and lower levels, using hydride generation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Here we report on a new isotope dilution-hydride generation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ID-HG-ICP-MS) method for the simultaneous determination of Se and Te, which is applied to basalts, and modified compared to previous work. The basalts were attacked and dissolved with hydrofluoric and nitric acid, spiked with enriched isotopes, and passed through a cation exchange column (AG 50-X8 100–200 mesh) to separate the major cations that interfere with Se and Te detection (e.g., Fe). The detection limits of this method were 0.010 ng g⁻¹ for Se and 0.0030 ng g⁻¹ for Te, well below the concentrations of Se and Te expected in basalts. The precision of the method for Se was 12.2 to 15.1% and for Te was 4.6 to 7.2% RSD from replicate analyses of basalt reference samples. The accuracy for Se determinations was 61 to 94% and for Te 28 to 100% of values previously reported in the literature for selected USGS reference materials.     

Determination of the Platinum-Group Elements and Gold in Twenty Rock Reference Materials by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) after Pre-Concentration by Nickel Sulfide Fire Assay

The platinum-group elements (PGE) and gold have been determined in twenty international rock reference materials by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after pre-concentration by a nickel sulfide fire assay. It was possible to achieve determination limits for a 50 g sample that ranged from 1 pg g^-1 (Rh) to 23 pg g^-1 (Au). Compared to published certified and recommended values for rock reference materials, the trueness of the method was found to be good. However, in some cases we observed large deviations for all elements in the sub 10 ng g^-1 range within individual reference sample splits. Our results show that the PGE and Au are inhomogeneously distributed in the reference materials analysed here, where they are present in low concentrations, using 50 g test portions.