全国铀矿资源潜力评价重力数据处理与研究

通过对全国39个铀成矿带和29个预测区的重力数据处理、重力异常提取、地质构造推断,为全国铀矿资源潜力评价提供了构造单元、断裂构造、岩体范围及深度、盆地范围和地层结构等预测要素。总结了铀成矿环境的重力场特征,与热液成矿作用有关的铀矿（花岗岩型、火山岩型、及部分碳硅泥岩型）主要位于区域重力场从高场向低场过渡的部位或偏向低场区域,主要成矿要素花岗岩岩体、火山盆地均表现为重力低场;大型砂岩型铀矿成矿盆地位于区域重力场的高场区域,而蚀源区则为低场,盆地边缘或内部的隆起区一般位于剩余重力高场区;与上述各类型铀成矿有密切关系的断裂构造在重力场中显示为梯度带、不同性质重力异常的分界线、串珠状异常或条带状异常。     

铀成矿区域物(化)探判据的初步探讨和应用

本文研究和分析了川北砂岩和康滇地轴几个铀矿床和矿化地段的各种地球物理场分布特征与铀矿化的关系,及其反映的铀成矿可能性。充分利用和分析研究工作区现有的大量放射性测量及航磁、重力测量资料,总结和建立铀成矿的区域物(化)探判据:高变异、剩余值、零值线、过渡带、富铀体、复合晕。利用成矿判据在区域和矿区成矿预测中划分成矿有利区、段,为区域找矿和矿床扩大提供了可靠的依据。     

诸广山中段“三九”地区铀矿放射性同位素特征及找矿潜力

“三九”地区位于诸广山复式岩体中段,隶属华南花岗岩型铀矿富集区。放射性同位素及其比值是反映铀成矿信息的重要参数,可直接反映浅部到深部的铀、镭富集的地球化学特征及其迁移规律。本文重点探讨“三九”地区不同地段、不同含量、不同埋深和不同矿体部位的²³⁸U、²³⁴U、²²⁶Ra、²³⁰Th和²³¹Pa同位素特征及其比值,分析铀、镭迁移富集规律。结果表明：“三九”地区铀矿体由近地表至深部铀镭平衡系数具有高-低-高变化特征;U元素的相对富集、Th元素相对减低及其U/Th比值的急剧升高等特征,与U、Th丰度区间具有明显分带特征关系密切;当地表有矿化或异常显示且浅、深部有工业矿时,其同位素组成具有铀、镭同时迁出,且铀大量迁出特征;当地表无异常显示时,其同位素组成具有铀大量迁出、镭明显迁入特征。大于1的²³⁴U/²³⁸U比值可有效指示找铀矿化。综上,利用放射性同位素及其比值法在“三九”地区预测深部铀成矿有利地段,取得较好应用效果,其中九龙江、石壁窝和木...     

钍铀比值在判别铀成矿环境中的应用研究——以粤北书楼丘铀矿床为例

钍铀比值是反映铀成矿信息的重要参数,地面伽玛能谱钍铀比值(Th/U)、分量钍铀比值(FTh/U)可分别指示花岗岩地区构造蚀变带型铀矿浅部及深部的矿化信息,从多角度、多尺度呈现铀富集环境。本文重点探讨利用Th/U、FTh/U分别提取浅部和深部铀成矿信息的可能性,并在粤北书楼丘铀矿床已知勘探剖面进行方法有效性试验。试验结果表明:Th/U、FTh/U能分别指示浅表和深部铀成矿环境; Th/U、FTh/U与浅表、深部铀富集程度呈负相关,且建立了钍铀比值与铀富集程度间的判别关系; FTh/U除与深部铀富集程度相关外,还与铀矿体中心埋深有关,FTh/U幅值越大,矿体埋深越深,并进一步建立FTh/U幅值与矿体中心埋深间的半定量关系式。综上,利用钍铀比值法在书楼丘外围开展铀成矿有利地段预测,并取得较好应用效果,成功预测4片浅部、5片深部铀成矿有利地段,其中FTh/U-2号深部异常已被钻探工程揭露证实。本次研究对书楼丘地区下一步找矿工作的部署与开展具有重要借鉴意义。     

酒泉盆地砂岩型铀成矿规律及白垩系找矿方向

通过对典型砂岩型铀矿床(点)的综合对比,分析了铀矿地质特征,总结了酒泉盆地白垩系砂岩型铀矿成矿规律,明确了白垩系红层找矿标志。酒泉盆地下白垩统新民堡群为主要找矿目标层,其中花海盆地主攻目标层位为下沟组,酒西盆地主要目标层位为赤金堡组,酒东盆地为下沟组和中沟组。扇三角洲平原和扇三角洲前缘相为下白垩统新民堡群有利的沉积相带。酒泉盆地砂岩型铀矿主要控矿因素有构造、层位及岩性-岩相、后生氧化改造和铀源;铀成矿具有近铀源成矿、铀矿化大多发育在富铀花岗岩体周缘的富含炭屑的灰色砂体中、铀矿体主要发育在棕红色砂泥岩和灰色砂岩的过渡带中、铀成矿类型以沉积成岩为主叠加潜水氧化等规律。通过综合分析认为,相对稳定且适度抬升的构造斜坡带、长期隆升的富铀花岗岩体周缘、红色建造和灰色建造的过渡带、有利的容矿砂体及炭屑密集区或油气叠置区和多期次氧化作用叠加部位可作为酒泉盆地白垩系红层找矿方向。     

钍铀比值在判别铀成矿环境中的应用研究 ——以粤北书楼丘矿床为例

钍铀比值是反映铀成矿信息的重要参数,地面伽玛能谱钍铀比值（Th/U）、分量钍铀比值（FTh/U）可分别指示花岗岩地区构造蚀变带型铀矿浅部及深部的矿化信息,多角度、多尺度呈现铀富集环境。本文重点探讨利用Th/U、FTh/U分别提取浅部和深部铀成矿信息的可能性,并在粤北书楼丘铀矿床已知勘探剖面进行方法有效性试验。试验结果表明：Th/U、FTh/U能分别指示浅表和深部铀成矿环境;Th/U、FTh/U与浅表、深部铀富集程度呈负相关,且建立了钍铀比值与铀富集程度间的判别关系;FTh/U除与深部铀富集程度相关外还与铀矿体中心埋深有关,FTh/U幅值越大,矿体埋深越深,并进一步建立FTh/U幅值与矿体中心埋深间的半定量关系式。综上,利用钍铀比值法在书楼丘外围开展铀成矿有利地段预测,并取得较好应用效果,成功预测4片浅部、5片深部铀成矿有利地段,其中FTh/U-2号深部异常已被钻探工程揭露证实。本次研究对书楼丘地区下一步找矿工作的部署与开展具有重要借鉴意义。     

重力场特征与砂岩型铀矿的关系及地质意义

重力场变化特征能够较好地反映地下地质体信息,砂岩型铀矿分布特征与重力场具有一定联系。我国砂岩型铀矿主要分布在我国布格重力异常场中-西北部区,且砂岩型铀矿床大多位于重力场由高向低变化的梯度带上,但靠近重力场高值区。结合砂岩型铀矿成矿机理,分析中-西北部区主要含铀盆地构造演化、地层结构等特征,认为位于中-西北部区的含铀盆地所经历的“次造山运动”及其后期相对稳定的构造环境有利于砂岩型铀矿成矿。斜坡的适度抬升有利于富铀岩体风化剥蚀,含铀含氧流体运移、断裂等因素控制砂岩型铀矿成矿,斜坡处地形改变形成重力场变化梯度带,地下断裂、岩石组分变化使重力等值线产生同形扭曲或错断现象。因此,重力场变化特征对划定砂岩型铀矿勘探靶区具有一定的借鉴作用,并以松辽盆地西南部钱家店铀矿床为例,探讨其成矿条件与重力场变化特征的关系,体现其实际应用性。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南缘重磁场特征及其与砂岩型铀矿关系

鄂尔多斯盆地南部是我国重要的砂岩型铀矿产地之一。为了研究该区重磁场特征与砂岩型铀矿展布规律的关系,预测砂岩型铀矿有利区,本文在对鄂尔多斯盆地南缘重、磁资料处理与解释的基础上,推断了研究区的断裂构造,探讨了断裂构造、重磁场平面特征与已知铀矿点的关系,预测了铀矿成矿有利区。研究结果表明:研究区发育的断裂走向有NE向、近EW向、近SN向和NW向4组;已知铀矿(床)点多分布于断裂与次级断裂交汇处,重力梯级带、局部重力高边缘和磁力中低缓异常区。研究区有平凉、宜君-黄陵、彬县-旬邑3个铀矿有利成矿区。     

川井坳陷砂岩型铀矿多元地学特征及远景预测

为充分开发磁放重资料在铀矿勘查工作中的作用,通过对二连盆地西部川井坳陷1∶5万高精度航放、航磁及重力等资料多元地学信息的提取,表明航磁异常梯度带、航放活性铀迁入区、地球化学活动性指数高值区、局部重力异常梯级带等多元地学信息的复合区与已知铀矿化密切相关。采用综合地质单元编码统计去除背景干扰技术,提取了活性铀迁入区、地球化学活动性指数、铀迁移富集系数等航放弱信息,作为圈定铀成矿有利地段的重要依据。综合上述研究成果,结合铀成矿地质条件,建立了砂岩型铀矿预测原则,圈定了3片铀成矿预测区。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部宁县新华地区直罗组沉积特征及铀成矿条件分析

新华地区作为鄂尔多斯盆地南部中侏罗统直罗组找矿的重点地区之一,研究其沉积特征及铀成矿条件对指导该区砂岩型铀矿勘查工作至关重要。文章通过岩心观察及钻孔资料综合分析,编制了直罗组地层厚度、砂体厚度、含砂率、氧化率等值线图等系列图件,对直罗组沉积相及铀成矿条件进行了综合分析。结果表明：新华地区直罗组上段主要发育曲流河相沉积,可分为曲流河河道、边滩、天然堤以及河漫滩微相沉积,直罗组下段以辫状河相沉积为主,可分为辫状河河道、心滩、泛滥平原微相沉积,其中,直罗组下段辫状河河道砂体厚度适中,连通性好,富含还原物质,是有利的成矿相带。新华地区构造发育,存在构造天窗,层间氧化带发育,直罗组下段辫状河河道呈南北向展布,氧化带与砂体展布基本一致,具有有利的铀成矿条件。综合构造条件、沉积特征、后生蚀变特征和铀矿化信息,结合煤田自然伽马异常,认为研究区西北部店头赵村—白店—崔家岭一带是铀成矿最有利区域,可以作为直罗组砂岩型铀矿下一步勘查的重点目标区。     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the