Computer-based Catalogue of New Zealand Vertical Aerial Photographic Surveys

The first New Zealand vertical aerial survey was made almost 60 years ago in 1926 by the New Zealand Permanent Air Force (now the Royal New Zealand Air Force). Up to April 1984 at least 8500 surveys have been completed by a number of aerial survey organisations: these surveys comprise over 490,000 individual aerial photographs.     

River Dog: Re‐imagining and re‐representing the environment and de‐idealising the rural in New Zealand film

The depiction of pristine countryside in New Zealand film has engendered a cultural disconnection with the environmental stories within the landscape. In this essay, we briefly examined the meaning of rural New Zealand landscape and its role in film. This research was done in part by making a short documentary, River Dog, a film about the rural New Zealand landscape. The character, plot and underlying message of River Dog were framed within visually relevant archetypes to form a constructive environmental message. Here, we examined River Dog's use of empathetic storytelling, an approach used to communicate an environmental issue without promulgating science or politics.     

Insights from past and present social science literature on the (unequal) development of New Zealand's rural communities

A review of social research on rural New Zealand undertaken as part of the National Science Challenge (NSC 11) “Building Better Homes, Towns and Cities” allows a fresh look at rural development within the context of New Zealand's colonial history. The research suggests that government development programmes and legislation privileged those responsible for producing the bulk of New Zealand's export income. Cultural attitudes, structural inequalities and a failure to understand how the character of, and social relations in, rural areas have changed has impeded particularly Māori economic growth, the participation of women, and non‐farm sectors of rural society, to the detriment of all.     

Cellular modelling as a tool for interpreting historic braided river evolution

Results are presented from a new cellular model of braided river dynamics that simulates flow, sediment transport, morphological change and the effects of braidplain vegetation. This model is used to investigate the effect of changes in upstream sediment supply on braided river systems over simulation periods of 200 years. Modelled changes in channel morphology, associated with both aggradation and degradation, were seen to be consistent with those reported in the literature. In addition, simulation results allowed the identification of diagnostic characteristics of aggrading and degrading reaches, in the form of relationships between the age, extent and relative elevation of fluvial surfaces. Interpretation of spatial patterns of valley floor surface characteristics in the Avoca River, New Zealand, on the basis of these relationships, allowed the identification of channel reaches that appear to be experiencing either aggradation or degradation. These inferences are shown to be consistent with independent evidence of spatial patterns of sediment supply to the main valley floor, derived from aerial photographs and an existing sediment source inventory. These results illustrate the potential for using cellular models to develop an improved understanding of natural river behaviour.     

Return migration of New Zealanders: a profile of 1990 returnees

"In the 1990s the population [of New Zealand] is experiencing higher levels of mobility than at any time in its history. However, with regards to European migration to New Zealand, the settler flows of the past have been overtaken in importance by reverse flows of temporary migrants. Now flows of new settlers come predominantly from Asia and the Pacific....This paper is about return migration--a process that has been largely ignored in the literature on international migration to New Zealand."     

Gendered Work: Female Labour in Pipfruit Production in New Zealand and Chile

This article seeks to contribute to the literature on female labour in the pipfruit industry in New Zealand and Chile. As added workers seeking to supplement household incomes by casualised, seasonal employment, these female workers are significant contributors to what are often declining household incomes, given changes in production and the labour market of the 1990s. But this enhanced role continues to exist alongside normative expectations about domestic roles and responsibilities. This research reports on a survey that was completed by female workers in both Chile and New Zealand. While there are differences in the respective labour markets of the two countries concerned, the role of women in balancing employment and domestic responsibilities is characteristic of both situations. It is the intersection between normative expectations and participation in casual/seasonal labour in the two research sites that is the focus of this article.     

新西兰旅游研究及对我国的启示

为保持持续的竞争优势、增强旅游企业的发展能力和保证旅游研究成果在旅游决策中的应用,新西兰先后制定了3个旅游研究战略。新西兰旅游研究具有产业导向明显、广泛支持与参与、研究的连贯性和成果的应用性等特点。该文分析我国旅游研究的现状及其原因,从利益相关者的视角探讨我国旅游研究参与主体之间的关系,并借鉴新西兰的经验,从加强旅游研究的宏观管理、推进产业导向的旅游研究、建立健全旅游研究的合作机制等方面提出促进我国旅游研究发展的若干对策与措施。     

Failure deconstructed: Histories and geographies of soldier settlement in New Zealand circa 1917–39

Abstract:  The New Zealand discharged soldier settlement scheme of the 1920s has been much criticized as being a failure. This paper draws on the existing literature and new case study research to break open 'failure' as an undifferentiated term and proposes that it was of three different types relating to what was termed the 'personal equation', to debt levels and to broader structural adjustment problems in farming. Each operated at differing scales. This is incorporated into a typology of failure and is put forward as basis for further research.     

Revitalising Local Economic Development-New Zealand Policy and Practice

In common with many other advanced capitalist nations, the rolling back of the state in New Zealand has seen a decline in direct state intervention in heal and regional economies. Yet since 2000 the current Labour Coalition Government has sought to promote a renaissance in economic development at local and regional scales. A survey of New Zealand territorial local authorities indicates involvement in heal economic development (LED) is a recent phenomenon involving facilitation of outside agencies which is orientated toward tourist, advisory and promotional activities. The implications of these findings for future research in an environment of ‘revitalised’ policy and practice in the New Zealand context is explored.     

On Geographic and geography

New Zealand Geographic is one of a number of geographical magazines published in the English‐speaking world that make little or no reference to work by academic geographers. It recently launched a New Zealand Geographic Trust to promote research into ‘New Zealand's life, culture and sciences’ and collaborated with four other publishers of geographical magazines to raise awareness of climate change: the work of academic geographers is again ignored. This exclusion of academic and school geography from such enterprises raises important issues regarding the discipline's public profile in New Zealand and suggests the need for greater public engagement activity by the country's geographers.     

"Power Geometries

Feminist contributions to the geographical literature on capitalist restructuring have tended to emphasize the importance of examining women's experiences vis-a-vis those of men. This research in progress report on the telecommunications service industry in New Zealand suggests that assuming the relative homogeneity of ‘women’ as an analytical category, then assessing the experience of women against those of men using national data, may no longer be satisfactory in a context in which production, finance and labour markets have been internationalised.     

The Direction of Settlement in the Prairie Provinces of Canada

Abstract

Norman J. G. Pounds, Editor, Geographical Essays on Eastern Europe. Indiana University Publications (Russian and East European Series, Vol. 24), Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind., 1961. 159 pages with table of contents, maps and diagrams. $4.00.

Clyde F. Kohn (ed.). Urban Responses to Agricultural Change. Department of Publications, State University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 1961. viii and 207 pages with table of contents, 58 tables, 11 maps, and 9 charts and graphs. No index. $4.00.

Clyde F. Kohn and Dorothy W. Drummond. The World Today: Its Patterns and Cultures. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 330 West 42nd Street, New York 36, N.Y. 1963. 626 pages with table of contents, maps, photographs, graphs, glossary and index. $6.88.

William E. Carter. The First Book of Bolivia. Franklin Watts, Inc., New York 22, N.Y., 1963. 82 pages with table of contents, map, photographs, glossary of Bolivian terms and index. $2.50.

Bryan H. Farrell. Power in New Zealand, A. H. &; A. W. Reed, Wellington, New Zealand, 1962. (North American agents: W. S. Heinman, 400 East 72nd St., New York 21.) 197 pages with table of contents, maps, photographs, appendix, glossary, reference notes, bibliography and index. $5.95.

Donald N. Wilbur. The Land and People of Ceylon, J. B. Lippincott Co., N.Y., 1963. 157 pages with table of contents, map, index, and photographs. $3.25.

Edward Madden Ainsworth. Beckoning Desert. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1962. 264 pages, sketches. $5.95.

Edward C. Tabler, editor. Trade and Travel in Early Barotseland. University of California Press, Berkeley 4, Calif., 1963. 125 pages. $5.00.

L. Kellner. Alexander yon Humboldt. Oxford University Press, Inc., Fair Lawn, N.J., 1963. 247 pages. $5.75.

Lewis M. Alexander. Offshore Geography of Northwestern Europe. Rand McNally &; Co., Chicago, Ill., 1963. 162 pages. $5.00.

Patricia H. Suttles, editor. Elementary Teachers Guide to Free Curriculum Materials. Edncators Progress Service, Randolph, Wis., 1963. 342 pages with table of contents with index and illustrative units. $7.50.

Ruth Warren. The First Book of the Arab World. Franklin Watts, Inc., 575 Lexington Ave., New York 22, N.Y., 19G3. 65 pages with table of contents, pictures and index. $2.50.     

In Pursuit of Moving Targets: New Zealand Population Geography in the South Pacific

New Zealand population geographers in the South Pacific islands early focused on resource issues, especially in Fiji and the smaller island states politically linked to New Zealand. This later extended into analysis of the structure of village level economic and social development, notably in Kiribati, Solomon Islands and Fiji. These analyses contributed to a clearer understanding of the substance of development at a key turning point in the region's history - the transition to independence. Migration, or mobility, and urbanisation attracted enormous interest throughout the region, with lengthy debates ranging over migration models, urban permanence, the ideology of return and metaphors of mobility, establishing the most distinctive thrust of New Zealand research in the region. Practical research, involving censuses and consultancies, has directly contributed to development. Despite the valuable historical legacy the extent and significance of New Zealand work on the population geography of the Island Pacific has now dwindled.     

A commentary on coastal research in New Zealand universities

Abstract:    University research in coastal geomorphology, processes and management has made a major contribution to the fundamental understanding of coastal systems in New Zealand over the past 43 years. This article examines the growth in university-based coastal research since 1964 and discusses the geographical pattern and themes of this research. Data indicate a significant geographical concentration of research effort and focus on a narrow range of research themes. Underlying reasons for these characteristics of New Zealand coastal research are explored and challenges facing university based research are discussed. Such challenges can be overcome through a more coordinated research effort to realize the huge potential to undertake coastal science of national relevance and international significance.     

Satellite remote sensing for mapping vegetation in New Zealand freshwater environments: A review

Freshwater environments in New Zealand provide a range of ecosystem services and contain important biodiversity. Managing these environments effectively requires a comprehensive inventory of the resource and cost-effective tools for regular monitoring. The complex and extensive margins of natural water bodies make them difficult to sample comprehensively. Problems thus occur with extrapolating point-specific sampling to accurately represent the diversity of vegetation in large freshwater bodies. Mapping freshwater vegetation using satellite remote sensing can overcome problems associated with access, scale and distribution, but it requires high-resolution images that have appropriate spectral characteristics. This paper provides an overview of the optical satellite data characteristics required for mapping riparian, submerged and emergent vegetation associated with freshwater environments in New Zealand.     

Placing Geographical Imagination in Film: New Zealand Filmmakers' Use of Landscape

The paper explores the role of landscape in New Zealand films. How is the New Zealand landscape imagined and revealed? What kind of landscape do filmmakers present? I argue that New Zealand filmmakers tap into specific geographical imaginations when they make films, and that this results in certain kinds of landscapes being produced. I sketch the methodology used in a survey of New Zealand films and ‘read’ a selection of opening and closing sequences and ‘generic places’ found in a selection of contemporary New Zealand films. 1 then offer some conclusions about New Zealand films, and their production, portrayal and imagining of New Zealand.     

Placing narrative correspondence in the geographer's toolbox: Insights from care research in New Zealand

Abstract:  To date, narrative correspondence has been relatively neglected as a geographical research method. This is particularly true within the subdiscipline of health geography. Drawing on the literature on narrative approaches, as well as a qualitative study of informal carers' experiences of transitions in the place of care for older people in New Zealand, this paper highlights the valuable insights this approach can offer into the interrelationship between people, place and care. More specifically, it explores how caring identities and care related behaviour are constructed and reconstructed over time and space.     

Landslide events on the West Coast, South Island, 1867–2002

Abstract: A new landslide event inventory based on a literature search has been compiled for the West Coast of New Zealand. Rainfall has been identified as the most frequent reported landslide generating mechanism by far, followed by other/unknown means, then earthquakes. Small‐magnitude, high‐frequency, rainfall‐induced events have historically caused the most damage to property and infrastructure, with many of the region's highways and settlements being repeatedly affected by landslides. Since 1874, landslides have caused at least 36 fatalities in the region. More historical research is needed to fill chronological and geographical gaps in the record, and to complement scientific research. Such information is useful for hazard planning purposes.     

Preserving coastal natural character: Court interpretations of a long‐standing New Zealand policy goal

New Zealand's policy goal to preserve coastal natural character was first incorporated into planning legislation in 1973 and protected area legislation in 1977. An evaluation of 100 relevant Resource Management Act Court decisions determined the Courts' interpretations of this policy goal. The Courts have repeatedly found that natural character is of nature (not culture), including natural elements, patterns, and processes. There is a continuum of naturalness from pristine indigenous ecosystems to the urban environment. A 2014 Supreme Court decision has upheld the use of environmental bottom lines for natural character and the importance of protection as part of sustainable management.     

Neighbourhoods and health: A review of the New Zealand literature

Over the past two decades, there has been a resurgence of interest into place‐based influences on health. Researchers have identified that various characteristics of neighbourhoods exert an influence on the health outcomes and behaviours of local residents. Understanding the processes linking places to health provides considerable potential for a range of policy interventions. We review the New Zealand‐based neighbourhoods and health research. Consideration is given to the types of neighbourhood characteristics, as well the range of health outcomes that have been studied. Finally, we suggest some priorities for further research into the mechanisms underpinning neighbourhood influences on health in New Zealand.