抑制涡激振动的螺旋列板设计参数研究

基于水池模型实验结果和工程设计经验,结合国内外试验数据,着重分析用于抑制海洋立管涡激振动的螺旋列板几何参数(鳍高和螺距)及覆盖率对立管涡激振动的影响;并对水动力直径和水动力系数的选取对预报涡激振动的影响进行了分析,进而提出了适合于海洋立管工程应用的螺旋列板几何和设计参数选取的建议,为螺旋列板工程应用、海洋立管强度和疲劳设计提供参考。     

Parametric vibration of submerged floating tunnel tether under random excitation

For the study of the parametric vibration response of submerged floating tunnel tether under random excitation,a nonlinear random parametric vibration equation of coupled tether and tube of submerged floating tunnel is set up.Subsequently,vibration response of tether in the tether-tube system is analyzed by Monte Carlo method.It may be concluded that when the tube is subjected to zero-mean Gaussian white noise random excitation,the displacement and velocity root mean square responses of tether reach the peak if the circular frequency of tube doubles that of tether;the displacement and velocity root mean square responses of tether increase as the random excitation root mean square increases;owing to the damping force of water,the displacement and velocity root mean square responses of tether decrease rapidly compared with tether in air;increasing the damping of the tether or tube reduces the displacement and velocity root mean square responses of tether;the large-amplitude vibration of tether may be avoided by locating dampers on the tether or tube.     

水下悬浮隧道锚索稳定性分析

为研究水下悬浮隧道锚索的稳定性,建立锚索在涡街激励作用下振动的数学方程,采用伽辽金法对其进行化简,锚索振动的稳定性通过Lyapunov指数法进行判断,分析了锚索动静张力比的大小、悬浮隧道系统的阻尼比和锚索参数激励频率对锚索振动稳定性的影响。计算结果表明,锚索振动失稳的范围取决于锚索的动静张力比、锚索的阻尼比和频率比(锚索参数激励频率与锚索1阶模态固有频率的比值);当频率比为1和2左右时,随着锚索动静张力比的增大和阻尼比的减小,锚索逐渐从稳定状态转变为不稳定状态,且锚索的不稳定区域逐渐增大。     

Non-Linear Response of Tethers Subjected to Parametric Excitation in Submerged Floating Tunnels

For the study of the non-linear response of inclined tethers subjected to parametric excitation in submerged floating tunnels,a theoretical model for coupled tube-tether vibration is developed.Upon the assumption that the static equilibrium position of the tether is a quadratic parabola,the governing differential equations of the tether motion are derived by use of the Hamilton principle.An approximate numerical solution is obtained by use of Galerkin method and Runge-kutta method.The results show that,when the static equilibrimn position of the tether is assumed to be a quadratic parabola,the tether sag effect on its vibration may be reflected;the tether sag results in the asymmetry of tether vibration amplitude;for the reduction of the tether amplitude,the buoyant unit weight of the tether should approach to zero as far as possible during the design.     

Parametric Vibration Analysis of Submerged Floating Tunnel Tension Legs

According to the characteristics of submerged floating tunnel anchored by tension legs,simplifying the tube as point mass and assuming that the tension leg is a nonlinear beam model hinged at both ends,the nonlinear vibration equation of the tension leg is derived.The equation is solved by the Galerkin method and Runge Kutta method.Subsequently,numerical analysis of typical submerged floating tunnel tension leg is carried out.It is shown that,the parametric vibration response of the submerged floating tunnel tension leg is related to the amplitude and frequency of the end excitation.Without considering axial resonance and transverse resonance,it is reasonable that higher order modes are abandoned and only the first three modes are considered.The axial resonance amplitude of the second or third order mode is equivalent to the first order mode axial resonance amplitude,which should not be ignored.     

Tension during parametric excitation in submerged vertical taut tethers

The construction of a suspension bridge with floating pylons or a submerged floating tunnel requires the installation of a mooring system. The option of taut vertical tethers, similar to those used in tension-leg platforms, has been suggested in preliminary designs. The environmental loading on the tether, mainly due to wind waves and swell, results in a parametrically excited system. Certain loading conditions develop instabilities that translate into large horizontal motion. However, the effects of parametric resonance on the tension values have rarely been investigated. This paper aims to clarify the relation between lateral displacement and tether tension and to quantify the extreme tension values in the event of parametric resonance. The presented analysis is based on a full numerical model of the tether that includes geometric and hydrodynamic nonlinear effects. This model is used to investigate a representative example that illustrates parametric resonance and multiple parametric studies to assess the effects of the excitation frequency, amplitude, initial pretension, tether length and inclination angle on the tether’s response. The results reported here provide the basis for a recommendation on designing a tether under parametric resonance regarding the ultimate extreme values and fatigue life.     

Dynamic Risk Analysis of Permanent Deformation of Sea Embankment

For evaluation of the permanent deformation of a sea embankment under stochastic earthquake excitation, a robust dynamic risk analytical method is presented based on conventional permanent deformation analysis and stochastic seismic response analysis. This method can predict not only the mean value of maximum permanent deformation but also the reliability corresponding to different deformation control standards. The earthquake motion is modelled as a stationary Gaussian filtered white noise random process. The predicted average maximum horizontal permanent displacement is in agreement with the conventional result. Further studied are the reliability of permanent deformation due to stochastic wave details at one seismic motion level and the risk of permanent deformation due to stochastic seismic strength, i. e., the maximum acceleration in a long period. Therefore, it is possible to make the optimal design in terms of safety and economy according to the importance of a sea embankment. It is suggested tha     

在平台振荡条件下TLP张力腿的涡激非线性响应

给出了预测张力腿涡激横向振动的时域分析,考虑了波浪、海流、张力腿平台的横漂与垂荡诸因素.张力腿平台的垂荡引起张力周期性变化,对张力腿的涡激横向振动起参数激励的作用,使其动力响应更为复杂.讨论了参数激励下涡激响应的共振条件;以尾流振子模型为基础,发展了分析张力腿在动张力作用下的涡激振动的工程方法,并分析了一座TLP实例,给出了在横漂周期内张力腿上质点的相对位移、弯矩、剪力幅值的时间历程.结果表明,平台垂荡使张力腿的涡激响应幅值升高、高频成分增加,因此它对张力腿的疲劳设计是重要的.     

Seismic stability analysis of subsea tunnels under the effects of seepage and temperature

This study used the strength reduction method to analyze the seismic stability of a subsea tunnel under the effects of seepage and temperature. Excess pore water pressure within the rock mass was first eliminated by calculating the consolidation; then, an earthquake wave was applied to begin the dynamic and time-history analysis and to obtain the maximum horizontal displacement of the model boundary. Finally, a temperature field model was established for the thermal analysis of the structure. The temperature of each node of the structure was regarded as a form of outside load applied to the reduction model; both sides of the vertical horizontal displacement of the boundary nodes and gravity were used as inputs for the static analysis when the vertex horizontal displacement reached its maximum value. By continuously decreasing the shear strength parameters, the safety factor of the tunnel structure was determined. The results show that the plastic zone first appeared in a smaller range on both sides of the tunnel arch feet near the lining and vault of both sides. The safety factor decreased with increasing water depth and overburden layer thickness.     

多频参激—涡激联合作用下顶张力立管分岔分析

复杂海洋环境中,顶张力立管顶部平台受到不同分量叠加的波浪作用,导致其轴向张力与多个频率相关,系统产生多频参激与涡激的联合振动,其动力学行为变得更为复杂,尤其是分岔和混沌等非线性振动特性有待进一步分析。首先,基于欧拉—伯努利梁理论,引入范德波尔尾流振子,建立和推导受多频参激—涡激联合作用下立管的动力学模型及其运动微分方程;接着,利用伽辽金法得到离散后的常微分方程组,采用多尺度法得到系统共振响应的调谐方程;最后,通过数值算例探究系统在多源和多频载荷联合作用下的共振响应。结果表明：对于多频参数激励,其中一个参数激励幅值在立管振动中起主导作用,而另一个会引起分岔的位置、数量和性质发生改变;随质量—阻尼参数增大,系统共振响应幅值整体先增大后减小,各分岔点出现的位置整体先向泄涡频率较大处移动,随后向泄涡频率较小处移动;质量—阻尼参数的变化还可能诱使系统发生倍周期分岔和混沌现象,危害结构安全。此外,采用直接数值积分求解微分方程组,验证近似分析结果,两者吻合较好。     

基于CFD-FEM的浮式结构水弹性响应数值模拟

开发并验证了一种基于CFD-FEM耦合的弹性浮体水弹性响应计算模拟方法。采用CFD方法建立黏性数值水池模拟非线性波浪,弹性浮板进行有限元离散,并在交界面进行数据交互实现耦合计算;通过与水池试验数据和三维板理论在各种波浪环境下的浮体垂向位移结果对比,证实CFD-FEM耦合方法的有效性。并进一步研究了浮板的厚度、入射波波幅和浮板的三维效应对浮板水弹性响应的影响。结论表明,波幅的增加会加剧弹性浮板的水弹性响应,浮板各点处的垂向位移随波幅的增加而增大;当浮板厚度改变时,不同厚度浮板自由端处的垂向位移差异较小,而在中部等位置处,厚度对浮板的水弹性响应有较大的影响。     

Forced vibration analysis of an offshore tower carrying an eccentric tip mass with rotary inertia due to support excitation

Dynamic responses of structures due to earthquake excitation are the important problems in engineering, thus, the information concerned is plenty. However, most of the literature is relating to the discrete methods, particularly to the finite element method (FEM), and the one relating to the method combining both the “continuous” and “discrete” models is rare. The objective of this paper is to provide some information in this respect. First, the analytical solution for the natural frequencies and normal mode shapes of a “continuous” tower, without contacting water (or “dry” tower), carrying an eccentric tip mass possessing rotary inertia is determined. Next, the partial differential equation of motion for the forced vibration of the tower, contacting water (or “wet” tower), subjected to support excitation is transformed into a matrix equation by using the last natural frequencies and normal modes shape of the freely vibrating dry tower. Finally, the numerical integration method is used to solve the matrix equation to yield the seismic response of the wet tower. In theory, the mode superposition method is correct only if the total number of modes considered approaches infinity, however, numerical results of this paper reveal that superposition of only the lowest six modes will yield excellent results to be very close to the corresponding ones obtained from the conventional FEM. For this reason, the CPU time required by the presented approach is less than 5% of that required by the conventional FEM.     

Time-domain simulation of large-amplitude response of floating platforms

Two numerical simulation models to predict large-amplitude motions of floating platforms are presented. The first method is based on the application of the relative-velocity formulation of Morison's equation for force calculations. The second method developed in this work uses the three-dimensional potential theory in time domain. In this method, both the Froude-Krylov and scattering forces are calculated by considering finite wave amplitude effects in random waves. The effect of various nonlinearities on the low-frequency motions and high-frequency tether-tension response of a tension leg platform are studied using these simulation models in conjunction with power spectral methods. The presence of current and the nonlinear drag force are observed to have a significant effect on the low-frequency motions and tether tensions.     

双矩形浮子波能装置辐射问题的解析方法

在有限水深下1个漂浮在水中的矩形浮子和1个淹没在水下的浮子构成双矩形波能装置模型。基于特征函数展开法求解了线性入射波作用下双矩形浮子波能装置的辐射问题,得出了双矩形浮子辐射速度势的1种新解析式,然后根据Haskind关系由入射势和辐射势来计算波浪激励力,并且采用数值方法对相同算例进行了计算,得到了完全一致的结果,从而证明这种方法是正确的。研究了在不同工况下的波浪激励力和系统的水动力学系数变化的规律。     

Wind and wave induced behaviour of offshore guyed tower platforms

Offshore guyed tower platforms belong to the group of compliant offshore platforms which are most suited for deep water exploration. The basic feature of compliant offshore platforms is that they are designed to move with the waves, in at least some degrees-of-freedom. As far as excitation of wave frequencies is concerned, the system opposes wave forces by inertial effects. The offshore guyed tower derives its stability against lateral movement from its mooring system.In this study, the response of offshore guyed towers to random forces generated by wind and wave is investigated. The exposed portion of the tower is subjected to the action of turbulent wind, while the submerged portion is acted upon by random wave forces. The analysis includes the nonlinearities due to the Morison equation of drag force, the variable submergence effect due to waves, the instantaneous position of the tower and force excursion relation of the mooring lines. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the behaviour of the tower under waves, and the combined effect of wind and wave forces.     

Interaction of ocean waves with floating and submerged horizontal flexible structures in three-dimensions

A three-dimensional general mathematical hydroelastic model dealing with the problem of wave interaction with a floating and a submerged flexible structure is developed based on small amplitude wave theory and linear structural response. The horizontal floating and submerged flexible structures are modelled with a thin plate theory. The linearized long wave equations based on shallow water approximations are derived and results are compared. Three-dimensional Green’s functions are derived using fundamental source potentials in water of finite and infinite depths. The expansion formulae associated with orthogonal mode-coupling relations are derived based on the application of Fourier transform in finite and infinite depths in case of finite width in three-dimensions. The usefulness of the expansion formula is demonstrated by analysing a physical problem of surface gravity wave interaction with a moored finite floating elastic plate in the presence of a finite submerged flexible membrane in three-dimensions. The numerical accuracy of the method is demonstrated by computing the complex values of reflected wave amplitudes for different modes of oscillation and mooring stiffness. Further, the effect of compressive force and modes of oscillations on a free oscillation hydroelastic waves in a closed channel of finite width and length for floating and submerged elastic plate system is analysed.     

Studies on Stochastic Parametric Roll of Ship with Stochastic Averaging Method

The paper studies the parametric stochastic roll motion in the random waves. The differential equation of the ship parametric roll under random wave is established with considering the nonlinear damping and ship speed. Random sea surface is treated as a narrow-band stochastic process, and the stochastic parametric excitation is studied based on the effective wave theory. The nonlinear restored arm function obtained from the numerical simulation is expressed as the approximate analytic function. By using the stochastic averaging method, the differential equation of motion is transformed into Ito's stochastic differential equation. The steady-state probability density function of roll motion is obtained, and the results are validated with the numerical simulation and model test.     

Laboratory investigation of damping of gravity-capillary waves on the surface of turbulized liquid

Investigation of damping of gravity-capillary waves (GCWs) in the presence of turbulence is a classical hydrodynamic problem which has important geophysical applications, one of which is related with the problem of forming a radar and optical image of a ship wake on wavy water surface. In this work a new method for the laboratory study of surface wave damping in turbulized liquid is described and the results are presented. The damping of standing GCWs by turbulence on the water surface in a tank mounted on a vibration table is studied. GCWs and turbulence are excited using a two-frequency mode of vibration table oscillations. A high-frequency small amplitude signal is used for parametric GCW excitation; a low-frequency large amplitude signal is used for generating turbulence due to water flowing through a fixed perforated grid submerged into the tank. The coefficient of GCW damping is determined by measured threshold of parametric excitation of the waves; turbulence characteristics are determined by the PIV and PTV techniques. Dependences of GCW damping coefficients on their frequency at different turbulence intensities are obtained, estimates for turbulent viscosity are presented, and a comparison with empirical models proposed earlier is performed.     

Numerical Analysis of Seismic Performance of Embankment Supported by Micropiles

This paper presents a numerical model of the seismic behavior for the embankment constructed on micropile composite foundation. The effect of micropiles on soil reinforcement under static and seismic loading was studied. Embankments on the untreated and treated soil by micropiles were numerically simulated using an axisymmetric elastoplastic large deformation finite-element analysis code. The displacement caused by embankment static loading and acceleration of the embankment caused by seismic loading were calculated and compared. It was shown that micropiles can greatly reduce the settlement of the embankment and mitigate seismic response of the embankment. The main objective of this paper is to present a numerical model and to investigate the seismic behavior of micropile foundations subjected to seismic loading. A series of numerical simulations and parametric studies are presented.     

大深度分层流体中二维淹没浮体的波浪力分析

研究了大深度分层流体中二维任意形状淹没浮体的波浪力特性。首先基于一种合适的格林函数,采用边界积分方程法研究了流体中浮体对水波散射问题,然后通过单个淹没圆柱体的透射能和反射能与解析方法结果的比较,对所提出的方法进行了验证,最后分析了在不同的几何和物理条件下几种形状的浮体对波浪力的特有影响,得到了一些有意义的结果,这对分层海洋中淹没浮体的设计具有重要的参考价值。