赣南崇义地区淘锡坑钨矿氢、氧、硫同位素地球化学研究

淘锡坑矿床是赣南一大型钨矿床,主要以石英脉型黑钨矿为主.本区研究程度较低,主要集中在成岩成矿时代上的研究.对该矿床成矿流体的性质、来源及演化等问题认识尚浅.制约着人们对该矿床成矿机制的深入认识,因此有必要进一步深入研究.     

新疆中亚造山带三叠纪矿床地质特征、时空分布及找矿方向

中亚造山带以晚古生代成矿为特色,但最近十几年来在新疆阿尔泰、东天山等发现越来越多的三叠纪矿床,包括3个超大型矿床。在古生代造山带中为什么三叠纪能够成矿和成大矿,不同类型矿产特征和分布规律是值得关注的重要科学问题。目前确定新疆中亚造山带19个三叠纪矿床主要为花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床、斑岩型钼矿床和矽卡岩型钨矿床。花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床分布于阿尔泰,斑岩型钼矿床、矽卡岩型钨矿床和钨(钼)矿床分布于东天山。19个矿床的成矿年龄变化于193～248 Ma,峰值为215 Ma。不同矿床类型成矿时代略有差别,形成时间相对较早的有矽卡岩型,其次是斑岩型,伟晶岩型形成时间跨度最大,多数形成于晚三叠世,少数延续到早侏罗世。东天山沙东-小白石头一带钨矿和阿尔泰稀有金属矿最具找矿潜力。     

就若干矿床的类型、成矿物质来源及辉钼矿含铼量的地质意义等与毛景文研究员商榷

毛景文研究员等多年来将陕西洛南黄龙铺碳酸岩脉型钼(铅)矿床分别更改为碳酸盐(岩)型、热液碳酸盐脉型或脉型,把河南栾川南泥湖斑岩体形成复合的南泥湖—三道庄斑岩—夕卡岩型钼(钨)矿床,分解为南泥湖斑岩钼钨矿床和三道庄夕卡岩型钼钨矿床,和把长江中下游地区的绝大多数夕卡岩型铜(铝)矿床和少数斑岩—夕卡岩型铜(钼)矿床更改为斑岩—夕卡岩—层控铜—金—钼矿床等。本文对毛景文等更改这些矿床的矿床类型,以及毛景文等认为"辉钼矿的Re含量可指示成矿物质来源","大水沟热液型碲(金)矿床的成矿流体及其他物质主要来自于地幔"和"温泉钼矿是与S-型花岗岩有关的斑岩钼矿床是一种新类型和新发现"等所存在的问题进行探讨。希能理清某些矿床学问题,进一步促进矿床学的发展。     

石英脉型钨多金属矿床的扇状成矿实例及找矿模型

石英脉型钨矿床是中国数量最多的钨矿床类型,但保有储量消耗迅速,迫切需要创新找矿模型,指导找矿突破。文章结合二十余年的找矿实践,通过详细分析扇状成矿矿床实例,构建了石英脉型钨矿床新的找矿模型。该模型强调赋矿裂隙为岩浆动力成因,在花岗岩体顶部呈扇状分布型式,岩浆期后热液恰在裂隙张开时充填其中而形成扇状成矿系统;提出“就岩找矿”、“就矿找矿”、“就矿找岩”的地质、地球化学和地球物理标志,指导矿床尺度的勘查工程部署。截至目前,该模型已在广东禾尚田钨锡矿床、广西珊瑚钨锡矿床、广西社垌钨钼矿床、江西盘古山钨铋矿床等获得了验证,找矿成效显著。     

大陆再造与江南造山带赣北段巨量铜、钨成矿

江南造山带赣北段铜钨巨量富集与大陆地壳形成和再造密切相关。本文将该区域燕山期铜、钨矿床分为铜(金)、铜钨和钨铜三个类型，并以此为研究对象，从成矿花岗岩角度，探讨江南造山带的构造演化、陆壳形成演化与铜钨金属巨量富集的内在联系。研究表明，铜(金)和铜钨矿床主要形成于早-中侏罗世(175～160 Ma),钨铜矿床成矿时代略晚，为150～125 Ma;铜(金)和铜钨矿化常与弱-中等演化的I型花岗岩有关，钨铜矿化与高度分异演化的过铝质S型花岗岩有关，形成过程可能有超临界流体参与；铜(金)矿床源区物质主要由新元古代富铜金初生地壳组成，铜钨矿床的源区物质主要由大部分富铜新元古代初生地壳和少部分富钨中-古元古代地壳物质混合而成，钨铜矿床物源主要来自古元古代基底和少量新元古代地壳。古太平洋板块俯冲环境下，中-古元古代富钨古老地壳和新元古代富铜新生地壳发生再活化是江南造山带赣北段巨量铜钨矿床形成的重要机制。     

中国钨矿床地质特征、类型及其分布

中国钨矿床以其产地多、规模大、品位高、伴生元素复杂为特征。文中提出了钨矿床类型划分的依据,并将中国钨矿床成因划分为三类、四个亚类、20个型。把广布的中国钨矿分为南北两部16个成矿带。     

广西珊瑚钨锡矿床含钨石英脉中白云母40Ar-39Ar年龄及其地质意义

广西珊瑚钨锡矿床是中国南岭钨锡成矿带内的典型矿床之一,其矿石类型主要为钨锡石英脉型、钨锑萤石石英脉型及含钨石英角砾脉型等3种.本研究对采自该矿床长营岭75中段和35中段含钨石英脉的2件白云母样品进行了40Ar-39Ar快中子活化年龄测定,获得白云母的Ar-Ar坪年龄分别为(100.8±0.7)Ma和(102.7±1.7...     

广东大宝山钨钼多金属矿床的锆石U-Pb、辉钼矿Re-Os年代学及其成矿系统研究

<正>广东大宝山钼钨多金属矿床位于广东省韶关市沙溪镇,是一个大型的钼钨多金属矿床。矿区内的主要矿床类型为矽卡岩型及斑岩型钨钼矿床、层状及脉状铜铅锌硫化物矿床以及风化淋滤型的褐铁矿矿床(刘莎,王春龙等,2012)。该矿床是华南地区重要的铜、铅、锌、硫产地,也是国内著名的钼钨矿床(刘孝善,周顺之等,1985),前人对于大宝山钨钼多金属矿床进行了一定程度的研究,尤其是在其成矿的区域地质条件、成矿机理以及成矿模式方面进行了初步的研究和探讨(刘孝善,周顺之等,1985;刘姤群等,     

金属矿石形成特点、组合类型及其与选矿的关系讲座 第五讲:钨矿石

钨是工业和国防现代化不可缺少的金属原料之一。钨主要用于制造合金钢及生产碳化钨。我国有极其丰富的钨矿资源,矿床类型多,矿石品位富,选矿技术也比较先进。以1976年赣南各类矿床储量(包括已消耗的储量、工业储量及远景储量)统计资料为例,黑钨石英脉型矿床占90.6％,白钨夕卡岩型矿床占5.7％,黑钨浸染状及细脉浸染状矿床占3.3％,黑钨矿砂矿占0.4％。但就全国而言,白钨矿型矿床储量所占的比例要大得多。     

朱溪式矽卡岩型矿床成矿作用及找矿方向

朱溪钨铜多金属矿床是近年在赣东北地区新发现的与岩浆活动有关的超大型矽卡岩型矿床。在已有研究成果的基础上,结合最新勘探成果,论述了该矿床基本地质特征,并通过将该矿床与传统意义上矽卡岩型矿床对比,从蚀变分带、成矿温度、成矿阶段、钨铜共生机制、控矿因素等对其独特性特征进行了初步探讨,并简要论述了朱溪矿床成矿作用过程,建立了朱溪式矽卡岩型钨铜多金属矿床成矿模式,指出了今后区域上应重视推覆构造带内中酸性岩浆侵位于碳酸盐岩地段的找矿,朱溪矿区应重视北西侧及深部矽卡岩型和蚀变花岗岩型钨铜多金属矿、北东侧脉型铜锌银矿的找寻。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

Mountains,nations, parks,and conservation

Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km² and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

NEW SET OF LOW CONCENTRATION STANDARDS FOR LA, CE, SM, YB, LU, Y, SC, V, NB AND TA IN SILICATES

We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses.