华南泥盆纪遗迹化石及遗迹相

通过对华南泥盆系6条剖面(四川北川甘溪、广西横县六景、广西桂林杨堤、贵州独山大河口—白虎坡、贵州贵阳乌当、四川广元后高坪)的遗迹沉积学系统研究,鉴定和描述遗迹化石15属24种,包括Arenicolites carbonaria,Arenicolites isp.,Chondrites cf.intricatus,Cho...     

华南泥盆系研究中的几个地层问题

简要总结我国泥盆系研究进展的基础上 ,提出华南区泥盆系除滨海相沉积外 ,浅海相沉积可区分出象州型、北流型、南丹型、崇左型 4种基本的相型沉积 ,各自均有特定的岩石组合、生物群特征 ,反映各自特定的沉积环境 ,应分别建立相应的地层柱。如继续保留华南区泥盆系建阶方案 ,泥盆系底部有待重行建阶 ,Emsian阶宜三分 ,与之时限相当的阶 ,自下而上为郁江阶、二塘阶、四排阶     

Evolutionary Significance of Pylentonemid Radiolarians and Their Late Devonian Species from Southwestern Tianshan, China

A group of radiolarian fossils with a complete morphological gradient of increasing polarization are reported from upper Devonian successions in southwestern Tianshan, China. Specifically, the important transitional mophotypes, Pylentonema transitorum sp. nov., Archocyrtium medium sp. nov. and Quadrapesus transitivus sp. nov, were found. Based on the fact that the new transitional radiolarian fossils resemble more closely to pylentonemids （cyrtoid nassellarians） than to entactinids （spumellarians） in morphology, they are assigned to pylentonemids. Pylentonemids share characters of both the Nassellaria （e.g., horned cephalis, basal opening with pylome） and Spumellaria （e.g., system of trabecular spicules）, and they are thus of evolutionary significance. The evolutionary trend from spumellarians to nassellarians is characterized by （1） internal spicule： from simple trabecular spicules to complicate components （A;Ir,II;D;V;Lr,Li;MB）; （2） polarization of the radiolarian tests due to rearrangment of spine, from radial to an axial symmetry; （3） the gradual formation of a basal opening （aperture, pylome, or podome）; and the transition from a pseudopylome, a primative pylome with a narrow margin on the outer shell, to a true pylome rimmed with a narrow, elevated impermite wall.     

Atrypid Brachiopods from the Upper Devonian Wangchengpo Formation (Frasnian) of southern Guizhou, China — Extinction Patterns in the Frasnian of South China

The Wangchengpo Frasnian section of Dushan County contains two atrypid brachiopod assemblages. The lower is characterized by the Atryparia （Costatrypa） dushanensis fauna that appears at the base of the Hejiazhai Member approximately in the falsiovalis to transitans conodont zones： the upper is characterized by the Radiatrypa yangi fauna, which appears in the Lujiazhai Member approximately correspondent with the hassi to Upper rhenana conodont zones. Atrypid brachiopods, together with other brachiopods from the Dushan section show that the Hejiazhai Member is of Frasnian age. Preliminary analyses of Frasnian atrypid brachiopods from sections of South China indicate that there are nine genera and subgenera including Atryparia （Costatrypa）, Kyrtatrypa, Spinatrypa, lsospinatrypa, Spinatrypina, lowatrypa, Desquamatia （Desquamatia）. Desquamatia （Seratrypa）, and Radiatr）pa. Atrypid species diversity did not change much through the Frasnian. On a regional scale in South China, most atrypid species went extinct prior to the Frasnian/Famennian boundary. At any specific locality or section, these atrypids became extinct about 20-40 m below the Frasnian/Famennian （F/F） boundary, within the linguiformis conodont Zone, marking this as the major extinction level. Three new atrypid species are described： Atryparia （Costatrypa） dushanensis, lowatrypa pseudobodini, and Radiatrypa yangi.     

Lower Devonian tempestites in western Yangtze,South China: insight from Zoophycos ichnofabrics

A Lower Devonian (Emsian) tempestite in the western Yangtze plate, China, was studied based on ichnological and stratigraphical features. The results indicated that the local tempestite can be grouped into clastic constituent types, which include bottom erosion structures, graded beds, swaley cross‐stratification (SCS), parallel lamination, bioturbation and the new composition Zoophycos ichnofabrics. Five storm sequences and three Zoophycos ichnofabrics (Zoophycos–Chondrites ichnofabric, Zoophycos–Chondrites–Thalassinoides ichnofabric and Zoophycos–Thalassinoides–Palaeophycus ichnofabric) were discerned. It is demonstrated that the Zoophycos‐producers from the complex types of Zoophycos in storm sequences were opportunistic organisms (r‐strategists). This study reveals storm‐generated physical and biogenic structures and textures and provides a good ichnological method to identify storm deposits. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

华南上泥盆统和下石炭统层序地层学

本文把华南法门阶上部和杜内阶分为４个层序，自下而上依次命名为ＳＱ０、ＳＱ１、ＳＱ２和ＳＱ３。其中ＳＱ０属斯图年阶（Ｓｔｒｕｎｉａｎ）（泥盆系最顶部），其余３个层序归杜内阶。这４个层序可以与欧美等地同期的层序进行对比，表明当时的海平面升降变化及其由此而产生的沉积层序具有全球的一致性。层序地层学、生物地层学和事件地层学综合研究表明，华南浅海相区与Ｓｉｐｈｏｎｏｄｅｌａｐｒａｅｓｕｌｃａｔａ－Ｓ．ｓｕｌｃａｔａ界线一致的泥盆－石炭系界线不仅高于Ｃｙｓｔｏｐｈｒｅｎｔｉｓ带顶界，而且还应高于引起Ｃｙｓｔｏｐｈｒｅｎｔｉｓ绝灭的海退事件层的顶界。因此建议以Ｃｙｓｔｏｐｈｒｅｎｔｉｓ－Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｕｒａｌｉｎａ间隔带中最明显的一个海进面，即ＳＱ１的海进体系域的底界作为华南浅海相区泥盆－石炭系界线。这条界线与泥盆－石炭纪之交海退事件层的顶界正好一致，大致相当于Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｕｒａｌｉｎａ组合带底部。     

滇西南昌宁－孟连构造带晚泥盆世枕状玄武岩和层状硅质岩的特征

滇西南耿马地区回爱剖面发育有昌宁-孟连构造带最早的枕状玄武岩,与其共生的放射虫硅质岩、硅质泥岩含有晚泥盆世放射虫和牙形石化石。对硅质岩和玄武岩的地球化学研究表明,玄武岩的化学成分具有高P、Ti的特点,轻稀土元素富集,在稀土元素球粒陨石标准化模式图上表现为明显的右倾,微量元素中K、Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素与Nb、Ta、Zr等高场强元素富集。化学投图结果表明玄武岩形成于洋岛环境。硅质岩的Al／(Al Fe Mn)比值大部分介于0.5～0.7之间,Al_2O_3／(Fe_2O_3 Al_2O_3)位于0.41～0.8之间,大部分硅质岩的Ce／Ce*比值小于1,具弱的Ce负异常,总体表现为大陆边缘型硅质岩的特征。这说明研究区晚泥盆世为邻近大陆边缘的洋盆环境,具洋壳性质的昌宁-孟连古特提斯盆地在晚泥盆世已经形成。     

Multistage hydrothermal dolomites in the Middle Devonian (Givetian) carbonates from the Guilin area, South China

Pervasive dolomites occur preferentially in the stromatoporoid biostromal (or reefal) facies in the basal Devonian (Givetian) carbonate rocks in the Guilin area, South China. The amount of dolomites, however, decreases sharply in the overlying Frasnian carbonate rocks. Dolostones are dominated by replacement dolomites with minor dolomite cements. Replacement dolomites include: (1) fine to medium, planar‐e floating dolomite rhombs (Rd1); (2) medium to coarse, planar‐s patchy/mosaic dolomites (Rd2); and (3) medium to very coarse non‐planar anhedral mosaic dolomites (Rd3). They post‐date early submarine cements and overlap with stylolites. Two types of dolomite cements were identified: planar coarse euhedral dolomite cements (Cd1) and non‐planar (saddle) dolomite cements (Cd2); they post‐date replacement dolomites and predate late‐stage calcite cements that line mouldic vugs and fractures. The replacement dolomites have δ¹⁸O values from ?13·7 to ?9·7‰ VPDB, δ¹³C values from ?2·7 to + 1·5‰ VPDB and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios from 0·7082 to 0·7114. Fluid inclusion data of Rd3 dolomites yield homogenization temperatures (T_h) of 136–149 °C and salinities of 7·2–11·2 wt% NaCl equivalent. These data suggest that the replacive dolomitization could have occurred from slightly modified sea water and/or saline basinal fluids at relatively high temperatures, probably related to hydrothermal activities during the latest Givetian–middle Fammenian and Early Carboniferous times. Compared with replacement dolomites, Cd2 cements yield lower δ¹⁸O values (?14·2 to ?9·3‰ VPDB), lower δ¹³C values (?3·0 to ?0·7‰ VPDB), higher ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (≈ 0·7100) and higher T_h values (171–209 °C), which correspond to trapping temperatures (T_r) between 260 and 300 °C after pressure corrections. These data suggest that the dolomite cements precipitated from higher temperature hydrothermal fluids, derived from underlying siliciclastic deposits, and were associated with more intense hydrothermal events during Permian–Early Triassic time, when the host dolostones were deeply buried. The petrographic similarities between some replacement dolomites and Cd2 dolomite cements and the partial overlap in ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and δ¹⁸O values suggest neomorphism of early formed replacement dolomites that were exposed to later dolomitizing fluids. However, the dolomitization was finally stopped through invasion of meteoric water as a result of basin uplift induced by the Indosinian Orogeny from the early Middle Triassic, as indicated by the decrease in salinities in the dolomite cements in veins (5·1–0·4 wt% NaCl equivalent). Calcite cements generally yield the lowest δ¹⁸O values (?18·5 to ?14·3‰ VPDB), variable δ¹³C values (?11·3 to ?1·2‰ VPDB) and high T_h values (145–170 °C) and low salinities (0–0·2 wt% NaCl equivalent), indicating an origin of high‐temperature, dilute fluids recharged by meteoric water in the course of basin uplift during the Indosinian Orogeny. Faults were probably important conduits that channelled dolomitizing fluids from the deeply buried siliciclastic sediments into the basal carbonates, leading to intense dolomitization (i.e. Rd3, Cd1 and Cd2).     

Late Silurian to Early Devonian Palynomorphs from Qujing, Yunnan, Southwest China

Well-preserved and diversified spores, cryptospores, and acritarchs have been recorded from a relatively continuous sequence that encompasses the Silurian–Devonian boundary in Qujing, Yunnan, southwest China. Four spore assemblage zones from Late Silurian to Early Devonian in age are proposed based on the first appearance datum (FAD) of characteristic spore species. In ascending stratigraphic order, they are Ambitisporites dilutus–Apiculiretusispora synorea (DS; Late Ludfordian to Early Pridoli), Synorisporites verrucatus–Apiculiretusispora plicata (VP; Pridoli), Apiculiretusispora minuta–Leiotriletes ornatus (MO; Lochkovian), and Verrucosisporites polygonalis–Dibolisporites wetteldorfensis (PW; Pragian). The acritarch assemblage from the upper part of the Yulongsi Formation, the Xiaxishancun Formation, and the lower–middle parts of the Xitun Formation indicates an age of Late Silurian. Based on palynological evidence, the upper part of the Yulongsi Formation is considered Late Ludfordian to Early Pridoli in age; the Xiaxishancun Formation is believed to be Pridoli in age; the Xitun Formation is considered Late Pridoli to Early Lochkovian in age; the Guijiatun Formation is considered Lochkovian in age; and the Xujiachong Formation is Late Lochkovian to Pragian in age. The Silurian-Devonian boundary is recognized between the VP and the MO spore biozones, and occurs within the middle part of the Xitun Formation.     

南华海泥盆纪烃源岩的古氧相和缺氧环境模式——以广西中、上泥盆统为例

缺氧条件是形成和保存优质烃源岩的重要条件。古氧相的研究对查明海相优质烃源岩时空分布、恢复地史时期古环境演化具有重要意义。泥盆纪时期,南华海受陆内裂陷作用影响,形成台地(滨岸台地和孤立台地)与台沟间列的盆地格局。不同的控制因素控制了古氧相的类型。在台沟和钦防裂陷海槽中,海水分层控制了泥盆纪的古氧相类型和变化。台沟和钦防裂陷海槽以厌氧相与准厌氧相为主。在台地相区,海平面变化控制了古氧相的类型和分布。台地相区的古氧相主要是常氧相和贫氧相。南华海中、晚泥盆世硅质沉积、磷质沉积发育,有机质丰富,形成了有机质-硅质-磷质沉积三位一体的特征,指示上升流作用明显。南华海地区泥盆纪位于赤道附近的信风带,向西的表面洋流越过南华海在西部形成离岸流,海底海水向东补充形成上升的底流,也说明了泥盆纪南华海上升流存在的可能性。     

Taphofacies Models of Devonian in Longmenshan Area, Sichuan, China

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴａｐｈｏｎｏｍｙｉｓｔｈｅｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｏｆｔｈｅｌａｗｓｏｆｂｕｒｉａｌ;ｔｈｅ“ｓｔｕｄｙｏｆｔｈｅｔｒａｎｓｉｔｉｏｎｏｆｏｒｇａｎｉｃｒｅｍａｉｎｓｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｂｉｏｓｐｈｅｒｅｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｌｉｔｈｏｓｐｈｅｒｅ...     

Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous Sequence Stratigraphy of South China

SequencestratigraphyhashopaidmoreattentionforitSrelativelycompletetheoreticalsyStemandgreatsuchesinpracticesinceitwasadvancedinthe197ds.Integratingonthedataofbiostratiglaphy,lithostratigraphy,seismicstfstigraphy,geochendstryandsedirnentology,sequencestratigraphyattemptStoestablishachronostratigraphicframeworkandcormectsdepositionalsequencewithglobalsealevelchange,andhencemakeSitpossibletOpreciselycorrelatethestrataindifferentfactesareasoveraconsiderabledistance,evenovertheworld.TheUpperDevon…     

Depositional Architecture and Evolution of Late Permian Reefs in Ziyun County,Southern Guizhou, China

INTRODUCTIONPethenreefsarewidelydistributedinSouthetna,espeCiallyinsouthernGulzhouandnorth~ternGUanghProvince,wherenamusreefsoccurandareWellexposed.TheUpperPenmanreefinZiyUnChamy,southernG~uisoneofthehotdevelopedandexposedhairierreefsinthearea(WangandFan,1994).DuetoitSspedaltectonic--geographicpositionandcompletefactesbeltd~iation,thebatherreefshavearousedagreatinterestamonggeologistS.SpstelnaticinvestigationandstudyonthebarrierreefshaveaammadebymanygeologistSsince197ds(LiuandGao,…     

Devonian Sequence Stratigraphy and Sea Level Change Cycles in South China

southChinaisoneofWellknownregionSwitheddeVelops~~inthe~es~intheGulzhouandG~provinCeSwherethe~manhashowellstudiedwithgreatachie~,whichhave~a~a~nfromthe~iSbothatdomticandabroad.SinCelabac~hasbornethe.hotPOint"forthemeearchofoutcrops~stratigraphyinClam,andconS~yyieldssomehigh--qualitypapeds(Muetal.,1992;XuandMa1992;Xuetal.,1993;DUetal.,1994;DUandYak1994;Gongatal.,1994;Wuetal.,1994;ChenandChen,1994a,b).Onthebasisofco~noftheDevonhasequenceinGultheuandG~,SouthernQinlingandho~han.thispape…     

Geological Features of Devonian Sedimentary Basins in South China and Their Deposition and Mineralization

The Devonian succession in South China is well-known for its complete development, vari-fied sedimentary types, remarkable lithofacies variation and abundant mineral resources. The South China plate was formed by the collision and collage of the Yangtze plate and the Cathaysian plate. The collision began approximately at the Jinningian stage and the collage was not finalized until the Guangxian movement. It was on the South China plate with a somewhat different nature of the basement that the Devonian deposition formed.     

华南泥盆系层序地层与岩石-年代地层界线间相关性探讨

以广西六景、象州大乐、桂林塘家湾及贵州独山与贵阳东北郊乌当剖面为例,在已有的地层、古生物、沉积相研究的基础上,开展了层序地层学研究.通过这项研究,认为那高岭组与莲花山组的界线是一年代地层、岩石地层及层序地层合一的界面;论证了大乐剖面应堂组的古琶段与贵州独山剖面的龙洞水组属于下泥盆统的可行性;总结了吉维特阶与艾菲尔阶间多处存在沉积间断面或沉积停滞面的客观事实,确认该界面为一符合实际又易于识别的自然界面,可作为D_2~2 /D_2~1的界面;讨论了存在于不同沉积相中的D_3/D_2界面,认为该界面置于D_2~2上部层序之上的海进体系域顶面,与以牙形类为准确立的界线很接近,但其更利于野外实际工作;对贵阳东北郊乌当剖面乌当组的归属提出疑问,并将其定为吉维特阶早期.     

华南泥盆纪层孔虫生长形态及其环境意义

通过对四川甘溪、贵州独山、广西六景和桂林神湾等泥盆纪剖面中层孔虫"生长形态"的系统研究,识别出层孔虫内部存在2大类7小类年生长条带:密度条带(疏密型、递变型、混杂型、突变型和"生长脊"型)和结构条带(结构差异型、单一结构层式),并发现层孔虫年生长条带广泛发育,在中泥盆世30属203种中均有记录。在层孔虫内部识别出了6类生长间断:含沉积物型、综合型、深色型、突变型、边部型和结构差异型。据此,系统总结了华南泥盆纪层孔虫生长形态及其相带分布规律,发现华南泥盆纪层孔虫主要分布在局限台地、开阔台地和台缘礁等7个相带中,各相带层孔虫生长形态差异明显。同时,发现和总结了与礁单元稳定构建密切相关的5个生长形态参数:总体形态、V/B(高与底宽之比)、基面、生长速率和生长间断。研究表明:层孔虫生长过程多由连续生长和间断二者共同组成,受到周期性环境因素(如冷、暖)和随机环境因素(如沉积速率变化)的共同影响,并以后者为主;提出并验证了层孔虫生长形态是高分辨率沉积环境变化的示踪指标,如利用年生长条带计算沉积速率;同时提出层孔虫生长形态是精细分析珊瑚-层孔虫礁的重要手段,如利用层孔虫生长速率推算礁生长速率等。     

中国晚泥盆世晚期“阶”和“亚阶”的划分与对比

简要回顾了中国晚泥盆世晚期地层“阶”和“亚阶”划分的历史沿革,阐述了划分的基本原则,即在全球性或大区域性关键地质事件和生物进化事件研究的基础上,“阶”和“亚阶”的底界应置于地质事件之后某一或某些主导生物门类谱系演化的分支点上,且以主导生物门类的某一新分子在谱系中首次出现来定义.根据地层的分布和发育特征,拟将中国晚泥盆世晚期地层分为2阶:锡矿山阶和邵东阶.锡矿山阶可分为冷水江亚阶(亚阶Ⅰ)和新化亚阶(亚阶Ⅱ),邵东阶又可分为邵阳亚阶(亚阶Ⅲ)和新邵亚阶(亚阶Ⅳ).冷水江亚阶的底界与锡矿山阶的底界相一致,也与国际上法门阶的底界相一致,以牙形类Palmatolepis triangularis的首次出现为标志;新化亚阶的底界以牙形类Palmatolepis rhomboidea的首次出现为标志;邵阳亚阶的底界与锡矿山阶的顶界和邵东阶的底界相一致,以牙形类Palmatolepis rugosa trachytera的首次出现为标志;新邵亚阶的底界以牙形类Bispathodus aculeatus的首次出现为标志,顶界与邵东阶的顶界相一致,也与国际泥盆系一石炭系界线一致,以牙形类Siphonodella sulcata的首次出现为标志.