地质力学的基本特征、成就和问题

论述了地质力学这一我国独立建立的地质学科形成的背景、基本特征、主要成就和存在问题, 指出:地质力学是在地质学三大论战, 特别是大陆漂移学说影响下, 独辟蹊径提出的; 地质力学有4个基本特征, 即3个立论依据, 9个基本概念, 7个研究步骤, 4个基本观点(本质的、联系的、发展的和实践的)。全面论述了地质力学10个理论方面、5个技术方法和5个生产实践方面的突出成就。地质力学存在的突出问题:本质上被裹挟于"固定论"泥潭中, 在认识新发现和接纳新观念上裹足不前; 古构造时期鉴别上存在重大误区, 过分强调了造山带的"长期继承活动"; 深部地质和全球海洋地质研究十分薄弱等。因此, 解放思想、与时俱进和走向全球是它当前3个紧迫任务。      

地质力学的创新与发展

本文从知识创新体系、技术创新体系以及应用传播体系等方面提出地质力学再创新的新思路,从许多方面具体地提出如何发展地质力学,建立面向21世纪的地质力学创新体系。      

软岩工程地质力学研究进展

在中国煤矿软岩工程地质力学的研究中 ,作者指出了国际岩石力学学会关于软岩定义的缺陷 ,提出了新的软岩定义和分类 ,并论述了软岩的变形力学机制、软化状态方程、软岩巷道支护理论、支护荷载的确定以及软岩工程地质力学设计方法。可以认为 ,中国软岩工程地质力学已经形成了较为完整的理论框架体系.     

Back analysis procedures for the interpretation of field measurements in geomechanics

A survey is presented of some recent developments of the numerical techniques for back analysis in the field of geomechanics, with particular reference to tunnelling problems. In the spirit of Terzaghi's observational design method, these techniques are seen as practical tools for interpreting the available field measurements, in order to reduce the uncertainties that in many instances affect the parameters governing the solution of complex geomechanics problems. Both deterministic and probabilistic viewpoints are considered and some significant applications to practical problems are illustrated.     

Template elastic‐plastic computations in geomechanics

In this paper we present a new approach to computations in elasto‐plastic geomechanics. The approach is based on the object oriented design philosophy and observations on similarity of most incremental elastic–plastic material models. This new approach to elastic–plastic computations in geomechanics allows for creation of template material models. The analysis of template material models will in turn allow for an easy implementation of other elastic–plastic material models based on the object oriented design principles. Furthermore we present some illustrative implementation details. Finally we present analysis results that emphasize features of template elastic–plastic computations in geomechanics. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

李四光学术思想和贡献——纪念李四光教授百年诞辰

从李四光教授对地层古生物、第四纪冰川和地质力学三方面的研究,来介绍他的学术思想和科研成果以及他的地壳运动的理论。为便于有关学者进一步了解他的学术思想和科研成果,特将他上述三方面的主要著作附录于后。     

矿山水文地质结构及其采动响应

本文以谷德振先生创立的岩体工程地质力学理论为指导,在水文地质结构概念的基础上提出了矿山水文地质结构的概念,结合我国煤矿的宏观地质背景及矿山水害的研究基础,基于矿山水文地质结构对矿山水害类型进行了重新划分。从突水水源、导水通道以及采掘活动3个致灾危险源出发,结合矿山突水溃砂灾害、底板突水实例,对矿山水文地质结构的采动响应进行研究,为矿山水害防治和矿山安全地质工作提供了一种新的思路和途径,显示了岩体工程地质力学在煤矿水文地质工程地质研究中的重要指导作用和强大的生命力。     

西南某汞矿带构造体系及其对汞矿的控制

本文仅就西南某汞矿带南段构造体系作一初步分析,进而说明构造体系对汞矿分布的控制,并探讨该区汞矿找矿方面的一些问题。     

The Geomechanics of CO2 Storage in Deep Sedimentary Formations

This paper provides a review of the geomechanics and modeling of geomechanics associated with geologic carbon storage (GCS), focusing on storage in deep sedimentary formations, in particular saline aquifers. The paper first introduces the concept of storage in deep sedimentary formations, the geomechanical processes and issues related with such an operation, and the relevant geomechanical modeling tools. This is followed by a more detailed review of geomechanical aspects, including reservoir stress-strain and microseismicity, well integrity, caprock sealing performance, and the potential for fault reactivation and notable (felt) seismic events. Geomechanical observations at current GCS field deployments, mainly at the In Salah CO₂ storage project in Algeria, are also integrated into the review. The In Salah project, with its injection into a relatively thin, low-permeability sandstone is an excellent analogue to the saline aquifers that might be used for large scale GCS in parts of Northwest Europe, the U.S. Midwest, and China. Some of the lessons learned at In Salah related to geomechanics are discussed, including how monitoring of geomechanical responses is used for detecting subsurface geomechanical changes and tracking fluid movements, and how such monitoring and geomechanical analyses have led to preventative changes in the injection parameters. Recently, the importance of geomechanics has become more widely recognized among GCS stakeholders, especially with respect to the potential for triggering notable (felt) seismic events and how such events could impact the long-term integrity of a CO₂ repository (as well as how it could impact the public perception of GCS). As described in the paper, to date, no notable seismic event has been reported from any of the current CO₂ storage projects, although some unfelt microseismic activities have been detected by geophones. However, potential future commercial GCS operations from large power plants will require injection at a much larger scale. For such large-scale injections, a staged, learn-as-you-go approach is recommended, involving a gradual increase of injection rates combined with continuous monitoring of geomechanical changes, as well as siting beneath a multiple layered overburden for multiple flow barrier protection, should an unexpected deep fault reactivation occur.     

基于隶属函数选取的岩土工程模糊可靠度分析

目前岩土工程中模糊可靠度计算时隶属函数的选取还没有一个统一标准,针对这种现状进行研究,选取了三种具有代表性的隶属函数,并将其分别应用于岩土工程中的两种典型结构:地下连续墙和挡土墙,通过模糊可靠度的计算以及比较分析,得出如何选取优化隶属函数的有益结论,对工程应用具有实际的指导意义。     

Fracture toughness of geomaterials

An understanding of the fracture mechanics of geomaterials is important for the solution of many problems in geomechanics. One of the most important material properties involved in fracture mechanics is the fracture toughness, K_Ic. The short-rod test configuration proposed by Barker¹ has significant potential for becoming a standard test for fracture toughness determination in geomechanics. The purpose of this brief is to examine the application potential of the short-rod test for geomechanics problems.     

地质力学领域近年来发展状况及相关问题与对策分析

通过系统收集整理和分析2006年以来中国地质科学院地质力学研究所在人才队伍建设、机构设置与学科布局、科研经费投入等方面的相关资料,提出了目前在发展地质力学过程中,人才队伍、学科布局与发展以及经费投入等方面存在的问题,并进行了对策分析,以期为地质力学战略研究提供重要基础支撑,为中长期发展规划提供决策依据,从而早日实现地质力学的跨越式发展,并为国家经济社会发展提供更好的服务。      

流体构造动力学与成矿作用

流体是地球的重要物质组成,其构造作用与动力学是地质力学与构造学重要的研究方向。流体构造动力学是介于流体地质学、地质力学和构造地质学之间的一个交叉学科。文章介绍了流体构造动力学的概念、主要研究内容、流体的构造作用方式及构造类型与特征,总结了近年来在流体构造动力学与成矿研究过程中取得的一系列重要进展。主要有提出液压致裂的新动力学机制、发现斑晶堆积构造并指出斑岩是岩浆房中部分结晶残余岩浆再侵位的产物及发现并厘定构造混积岩等多个方面,总结了存在的问题并指出了进一步研究的方向;指出流体作为构造作用的主要参与者和重要组织者,不仅对成矿流体的运移通道及其沉淀与就位的空间进行开拓,更重要的是作为载体运移、富集成矿元素并为最终成矿奠定基础。      

中国东部中新生代大地构造问题研究

基于"构造体系控油作用研究"项目, 总结中国东部中新生代大地构造的基本特征及其演变的内在规律。研究表明, 中国东部中新生代构造形变史, 以侏罗纪末幕运动为标志划分为前后2个大阶段, 发育2种巨型扭动构造型式, 即华夏系和新华夏系, 其间存在广泛的构造不整合; 显示二元结构, 即新华夏系形变构造层与华夏系形变构造层的叠置, 是本区大地构造的基本特征。      

月亮田煤矿层滑构造对煤层厚度的影响

通过观察月亮田矿层滑构造的表现形式及特征,归纳了其发育规律;从地质力学的角度分析了该矿井层滑构造及其他相关构造的形成机理;利用实例说明了层滑构造对矿井安全和生产的影响;并对该矿未开采区域进行了预测。      

Review and Prospect for the Research Group of Physico-chemical Geomechanics

The development history, research orientation, and achievements for the group of physico-chemical geomechanics in the past 30 years are reviewed in this paper. The prospect and suggestion for the further development of physico-chemical geomechanics are also made in this paper.     

岩土物理化学力学组的回顾与展望

本文首先回顾了岩土物理化学力学组的发展历史,介绍了30年来的研究方向和所取得的科研成果。最后,对今后的发展提出了一些建议。     

工程地质力学的挑战与未来

随着工程地质力学及其相关学科的不断完善和发展及其存在问题的不断解决,工程地质力学正逐步进入一个崭新的发展阶段。本文总结了20世纪工程地质力学取得的辉煌成就和面临的巨大挑战,详细论述了工程地质力学的理论体系,包括工程地质体结构的相对性、工程地质体的连续性、工程地质体的本构关系、工程地质体的几何大变形、工程地质大变形力学设计方法等,展望了未来工程地质力学在大变形灾害工程控制材料研发、工程灾害控制、工程地质体的能量本构关系、工程地质体的能量平衡方程和地质工程的量化设计方面的走向,指出工程地质力学作为一门学科的发展仍然任重道远。     

两个值得关注的工程地质力学问题

岩体工程地质力学的问世 ,不仅推动了工程地质学科的发展 ,而且提高了解决实际工程问题的能力。在其发展过程中 ,新的研究课题不断地被提了出来。随着这些问题的解决 ,一些重要的理论、方法和技术将形成和逐步走向完善。作者认为以下两个工程地质力学问题值得我们关注 ,即边坡滚石机理和防治和工程地质力学综合集成理论和方法。     

利用全概率方法分析岩土力学数值模拟结果的变异性

提出了一种用于分析在多参数随机情况下岩土力学数值模拟结果变异性的全概率方法。以特定数值模拟结果为随机隐式响应量,根据多维高效数值求积理论,计算出响应量特定函数的均值,利用快速傅里叶变换数值概率分析方法及笔者开发的最大熵分布,求解器软件一次性求解出响应量的全概率分布,用于定量评估数值模拟结果的变异性。算例表明该法具有精度和计算效率较高的优点。