湘中地区中奥陶统“桃江式”锰矿的成矿作用研究

湘中地区“桃江式”锰矿产于中奥陶统磨刀溪组斜坡相-盆地边缘相沉积之中。发育锰矿层１～２层,锰矿层具有粒序层理、平行层理、斜纹层、水平纹层及角砾状等构造,夹于深水低能的暗色泥岩之中,是一种碳酸盐重力流沉积。其形成受区域构造、岩相古地理、沉积事件及水介质物理化学条件等的影响。其沉积学和地球化学特征显示锰质主要由海底热水补给,是一种热水成矿作用的产物。     

广西下雷晚泥盆世锰矿床沉积学研究

本文着重研究和探讨下雷层状锰矿床喷气热液沉积的特征和成因。热液沉积锰矿层产于浅海深水台沟沉积相中,分布面积小,但规模大,矿层由一系列热液硅酸盐矿物、碳酸锰矿物、氧化矿物及硫化物等组成,碳同位素组成表明碳酸锰矿物中的碳来自岩浆,热液矿物形成层状、豆鲕状同生沉积构造,在剖面上呈韵律层,在平面上以热液沉积为中心,往外逐渐变为分布较广的冷水沉积碳酸锰矿,滑坡重力流使锰矿再沉积富集。     

川西汉旺地区雷口坡组四段风暴岩特征及地质意义

通过野外实测剖面和镜下薄片观察,川西汉旺地区雷口坡组四段发育典型的风暴岩,具有底冲刷—充填构造、风暴砾屑层、菊花构造和丘状交错层理等典型风暴沉积标志。根据该风暴岩岩性、沉积位置、沉积标志组合特征,共识别出三种风暴沉积序列类型:1)序列Ⅰ由侵蚀底面及砾屑段、粒序段组成,代表靠近风暴浪基面附近的台前缓斜坡下部环境; 2)序列Ⅱ由侵蚀底面及砾屑段、粒序段、平行纹层段、丘状纹层段组成,代表靠近正常浪基面附近的台前缓斜坡上部环境; 3)序列Ⅲ由粒序段、平行纹层段组成,代表台地边缘环境。风暴层序自下而上的沉积演化为:台前缓斜坡下部—台前缓斜坡上部—台地边缘,整体为一个向上变浅的沉积序列。     

由层序地层学角度分析大塘坡式锰矿沉积过程——以湘西北民乐锰矿为例

以湘西北民乐锰矿为例,基于矿区内钻孔信息对成矿期（大塘坡组下段）进行地层对比,由新分层信息及厚度变化分析沉积特征并建立三级、四级层序格架,由三级、四级层序尺度的古地貌变化分析成矿期沉积演变特征。主要认识有:1）民乐锰矿含矿层（大塘坡组下段）可根据岩性细分为下亚段1段（致密块状、密集条带状矿体夹黑色炭质页岩）、下亚段2段（黑色页岩夹薄层锰矿条带）、上亚段（黑色炭质页岩夹黄铁矿）。2）民乐锰矿的三级层序凝缩层体系域可划分为四个四级层序,其中第二、三层序菱锰矿发育较厚,形态以块状和密集条带状为主;第一、四层序菱锰矿发育薄,形态多为条带状。3）民乐锰矿沉积过程可以通过三级层序和四级层序两个研究尺度共同解释,三级层序尺度解释锰矿沉积过程,而四级层序尺度则揭示了多期不同形态、厚度锰矿的沉积过程。     

云南鲁春晚三叠世硅质岩的地球化学特征及成因

云南鲁春晚三叠世火山沉积盆地是在江达－维西火山弧的基础上，通过拉张作用形成的碰撞后拉张盆地，盆地内广泛发育一套由玄武岩和流纹岩组成的“双峰式”火山岩及与其相伴的硅质岩。硅质岩可分为灰质硅质岩和纹层状硅质岩两类。通过对两类硅质岩所进行的地球化学研究和分析，表明云南鲁春晚三叠世火山沉积盆地中的凝灰质硅质岩属火山沉积成因，在而纹层状硅质岩为海底喷流热液／热泉（热水）沉积成因的热水硅质岩。     

热水沉积成矿的主要控制因素及识别标志

热水沉积成矿的基本要点可以归纳为:古陆边缘,地壳受热、变薄、拉张、裂陷和迅速下沉,矿床定位于三级边缘成矿盆地中;同生断裂对导矿容矿有明显的控制作用;硅质建造与成矿关系密切;有层状矿体层纹状矿石的热水沉积成因和网脉状矿体角砾状矿石的同生-准同生交代成因;成矿热液中的金属物质主要来源于古老剥蚀区和先期盆地沉积物。在上述基础上,总结了热水沉积成矿的10条识别标志。     

塔里木盆地西北缘震旦纪风暴岩成因探讨

本文首次论证了塔里木盆地西北缘震旦纪风暴岩的存在。就风暴岩的结构特征、沉积序列、成因模式作了探讨。震旦纪风暴岩具有底面侵蚀-充填构造、无规则排列的砾屑灰岩层、粒序层及丘状层理,以及水平纹理和纹状交错层。风暴岩可分为二种类型:钙屑风暴岩为强的风暴产生的风暴浪和风暴流而形成,由-套砾屑灰岩及泥灰岩、泥岩组成;砂屑风暴岩是由强度相对较弱的风暴离岸回流将风暴高峰悬浮起的砂屑物带到浪基面以下的地方沉积而成,由砂岩、粉砂岩及粉砂质泥岩组成。     

豫西焦作地区上石炭统浅海碳酸盐岩中的风暴沉积

焦作太原组灰岩存在至少四种类型的风暴沉积。类型A由下亚段正粒序分壳滞积层和上亚段生物扰动层组成,形成于风暴浪基面附近或之下;类型B由正粒序介壳滞积层、纹理层和痕迹层组成,形成于正常天气浪基面与风暴浪基面之间的下部环境;类型C由下亚段正粒序介壳滞积层和上亚段含少量痕迹化石的粒泥状灰岩组成,类型D仅由下部介壳滞积层和上部粒泥状灰岩组成,偶见痕迹化石,故类型C和D分别形成于正常天气浪基面之下和附近。     

塔里木盆地苏盖特布拉克地区下寒武统风暴岩及其地质意义

塔里木盆地苏盖特布拉克地区下寒武统肖尔布拉克组发育较为典型的风暴岩。风暴沉积标志主要有冲刷充填构造、风暴砾屑层和丘状交错层理等。在野外实测和室内薄片观察基础上,依据风暴沉积物、沉积位置和沉积标志组合的不同,划分出5种风暴沉积序列。序列Ⅰ为mm级或cm级的递变纹层,截切深水微生物礁,为风暴浪基面以下的深水陆棚远源风暴浊流沉积;序列Ⅱ发育异地型风暴砾屑、粒序段、平行纹层段和水平层理黑色钙质页岩,为风暴浪基面与晴天浪基面之间的缓斜坡下部沉积;序列Ⅲ为风暴成因的生屑、砾屑与平行纹层、丘状纹层的组合,多出现在风暴浪基面与晴天浪基面之间的缓斜坡上部;序列Ⅳ以渠模与复合丘状交错层理的组合为特征,为水体较浅的晴天浪基面附近的沉积;序列Ⅴ由风暴砂砾屑及沉积充填构造、平行纹层段组成,上部单元为正常天气沉积的蓝细菌礁滩垮塌体,为晴天浪基面以上的台地边缘礁滩前缘沉积。风暴层序自下而上的沉积环境演化为深水陆棚→浅水陆棚缓斜坡下部→缓斜坡上部→台地边缘前缘,形成向上变浅沉积特征。风暴岩的发现和研究,对于塔里木早寒武世古纬度与古板块演化、古地理及沉积学研究具有重要意义。     

济阳坳陷古近系泥页岩成因相划分

系统岩心观察和高密度薄片鉴定等分析测试资料研究结果显示,济阳坳陷沙三下-沙四上泥页岩成分组成及构造类型主要受沉积作用控制,岩石结构特征主要受成岩作用控制。根据泥页岩中方解石成因及重结晶程度,结合岩石成分及构造特征,将济阳坳陷沙三下-沙四上泥页岩划分为沉积主控型、沉积-成岩双控型及成岩主控型三大成因相。沉积主控型分布最为广泛,岩相类型多样,构造特征反映成因环境;沉积-成岩双控型主要见于纹层状岩相,由泥质纹层与显晶粒状方解石纹层互层构成;成岩主控型以柱状、柱纤状方解石垂直层面呈脉状、透镜状产出为特征。成岩主控型和沉积-成岩双控型泥页岩与页岩油气关系密切,是重要的有利成因相类型。     

Geochemical Characteristics of Sinian Manganese Deposits in China

Sinian is one of the main periods of the formation of manganese deposits in China. Sinian manganesedeposits are mainly hosted in carbon-rich black shale and siliceous shale formed during the Sinian interglacial period. The composition of manganese ore is simple. The main ore mineral is manganiferous carbonates. The grade of manganese ore is about 16-25%, with Mn/Fe>5 and P/Mn=0.006-0.14. Based on the tectonic setting and geological and geochemical characteristics of manganese deposits, this paper discusses the process of migration and concentration of manganese and ore-forming conditions of Sinian manganese deposits in China.     

万山特区铁门闩碳酸锰矿床特征及成因浅析

铁门闩碳酸锰矿受控于地层层位,呈层状,似层状、透镜状沿震旦系下统大塘坡组一段（Ｚ１ｄ）富含有机质炭质页岩下部顺层产出。根据含锰岩系特征,矿体形态规模,矿石质量的分析研究,该锰矿床应属浅海沉积型碳酸锰矿。     

云南华宁-峨山地区震旦系沉积岩铜矿床成因

云南震旦系沉积岩铜矿是产于红色碎屑岩系中的沉积叠加热液改造型铜矿床,矿床产在上震旦统陡山沱组灰白色砂岩,白云岩,泥灰质页岩中,具有明显层控特征。地球化学分析表明,震旦系碎屑岩中铜富集系数明显高于正常壳源沉积岩,因此加里东期后生改造矿化物质直接来自下部红色沉积岩层的淋滤迁移,最终在氧化还原过渡带与同生富集矿层叠加。     

Geological and Geochemical Investigation of Three Ophiolite‐Hosted Manganese Prospects,Southeast of Birjand,South Khorasan,East of Iran

The studied ophiolite‐hosted manganese prospects are located in southeast of Birjand, South Khorasan, in the east of Iran. The manganese ores within the ophiolitic sequence in this region occur as small discrete patches, associated with radiolarian chert and shale. Manganese ores in the host rocks are recognizable as three distinct syngenetic, diagenetic, and epigenetic features. The syngenetic manganese ores occurred as bands associated with light‐red radiolarian chert. The diagenetic Mn ores occurred as lenses accompanied by dark‐red to brown radiolarian chert. The epigenetic Mn ores occurred as veins/veinlets within the green radiolarian shale. The major manganese ore minerals are pyrolusite, braunite, bixbyite, ramsdellite, and romanechite showing replacement, colloidal, and brecciated textures. The high mean values of Mn/Fe (15.32) and Si/Al (15.65), and the low mean concentration values of trace elements, such as Cu (85.9 ppm), Ni (249.9 ppm), and Zn (149 ppm), as well as the high concentration values of Si, Fe, Mn, Ba, Zn, Sr, and As in the studied manganese ores furnished sufficient evidence to postulate that the sea‐floor Mn‐rich hydrothermal exhalatives were chiefly responsible for the ore formation, and the hydrogenous processes had negligible role in generation of the ores. The further geological and geochemical evidence also revealed that the ores deposited on the upper parts of the ophiolitic sequence by submarine exhalatives. The intense hydrothermal activities caused leaching of elements such as Mn, Fe, Si, Ba, As and Sr from the basaltic lavas (spilites). After debouching of the sea‐floor exhalatives, these elements entered the sedimentary basin. The redox conditions were responsible for separation of Fe from Mn.     

震旦纪地层黄铁矿硫同位素组成时－空变化特征及扬子地块与晚元古超大陆关系的论证

扬子地区早震旦世时期沉积岩黄铁矿具有重的硫同位素组成,其δ¹⁴S值从早震旦世椿木组地层的24‰左右逐渐变得更正。在早震旦世扬子地区广泛沉积碳酸锰矿和黑色页岩的民乐组时期达到极正值+60‰,然后又降低至+16‰-+20‰。上述硫同位素组成的时-空变化特征支持了扬子地块属晚元古Rodinia超大陆的一个组成部分的假设。从晚震旦世早期陡山沱组底部开始,沉积岩中黄铁矿硫同位素的δ¹⁴SS出现负值,并继续降低至-27‰以下。早震旦世晚期-晚震旦世早期沉积岩中硫同位素组成特征反映了沉积盆地古海洋环境的剧烈变化,它与大约7亿年时Rodinia超大陆的解体以及扬子地块与其它大陆分离的地质推测相吻合。     

震旦纪地层黄铁矿硫同位素组成时－空变化特征及扬子地块与晚元古超大陆关系的论证

 扬子地区早震旦世时期沉积岩黄铁矿具有重的硫同位素组成,其δ¹⁴S值从早震旦世椿木组地层的24‰左右逐渐变得更正。在早震旦世扬子地区广泛沉积碳酸锰矿和黑色页岩的民乐组时期达到极正值+60‰,然后又降低至+16‰-+20‰。上述硫同位素组成的时-空变化特征支持了扬子地块属晚元古Rodinia超大陆的一个组成部分的假设。从晚震旦世早期陡山沱组底部开始,沉积岩中黄铁矿硫同位素的δ¹⁴SS出现负值,并继续降低至-27‰以下。早震旦世晚期-晚震旦世早期沉积岩中硫同位素组成特征反映了沉积盆地古海洋环境的剧烈变化,它与大约7亿年时Rodinia超大陆的解体以及扬子地块与其它大陆分离的地质推测相吻合。     

Metacolloid pyrite-pitchblende veinlets of high-grade hydrothermal ores at the Dalmatovskoe uranium deposit,Transural Region,Russia: New data on the mineralogy,geochemistry, age,and uranium sources

Micro to nano-scale structures of pockets of solidified uranium oxide gel were found for the first time and deciphered ontogenetically during electron-microscopic mineralogical study of four samples of high-grade uranium ores from the Dalmatovskoe deposit. Mineralogical-geochemical features of paragenesis and structural features are reported for unique hydrothermal veinlets consisting of variably crystallized gelpyrite and subveinlets of gel-pitchblende of several generations. Mineralogical features indicate repeated opening of veinlets during hydrothermal ore formation and provide insight into physical and chemical features of non-solidified gel, its mobility, and aggressive behavior during metasomatism. It was proposed that the veinlets are genetically related to the main hydrothermal sources and possibly to the endogenous uranium occurrence, which was formed owing to opening of main fault marked by paleoriver bed. The find of such veinlets is considered as evidence for repeated influx of hydrothermal uranium in the uranium ores of the sedimentary-epigenetic deposit simultaneously with accumulation and transformation of sediments, which made it possible to ascribe this deposit to the hydrothermal-sedimentary type. The depth of core sampling of high-grade ores corresponds to the “ore zone” of the Dalmatovskoe Deposit, near the Paleozoic basement. For this reason, the entire “zone” was ascribed to the specific endogenous metasomatic epihydrothermal occurrences, possibly, of elision nature, with approximate temperature of ore formation of 150–250°C.     

湖南早震旦世沉积建造浊流沉积及锰矿成因

主要从沉积建造角度讨论了各种不同构造古地理、古生物、古环境、地球化学及同位素地质，对早震旦世锰矿成矿的控制。并且把湖南早震旦世地层划分出五个沉积建造系列；恢复了湖南省早震旦世大地构造－沉积建造理想剖面，另一方面，对早震旦世地层的形成，提出了＂浊流成因＂的新认识，初步阐述了浊流产生的动力条件。最后提出了＂多源、生物－浊流沉积成矿模式＂。     

湘中南华系大塘坡组锰矿地球化学特征及其意义

湘中湘潭盆地大塘坡组锰矿是湖南重要的锰矿基地。盆地内发育一组NNE向同沉积断裂,形成了一系列凹陷带（断陷槽）,控制了沉积岩相的分布,锰矿主要产于盆地凹陷带的黑色页岩夹碳酸锰矿微相内。矿石中Co、Zn、Pb、Mo和Ba等元素丰度较高,Co/Ni、SiO2/Al2O3、(Fe+Mn)/Ti、Al/(Fe+Mn+Al)比值以及Co/Zn-(Cu+Ni+Co)和Fe-Mn-(Cu+Ni+Co)图解都揭示锰矿成矿过程中有海底热水的参与;稀土元素分布模式、Ce、Eu异常表示锰矿形成于被动大陆边缘环境,并具有热水沉积特征;碳同位素结果显示出富集碳的轻同位素的特征,反映了湘中地区锰矿中碳同位素热水沉积的特征;氧同位素计算古温度为湘中地区锰矿的低温热水沉积成因提供了有利的佐证。     

扬子东南大陆边缘晚元古代—早古生代层序地层和盆地动力演化

扬子东南大陆边缘晚元古代－早古生代层序地层和盆地动力演化刘宝珺，许效松，徐强（成都地质矿产研究所）扬子板块早古生代的形成和演化对中国古大陆的板块构造演化有重大意义，本文试图通过用新发展起来的露头层序地层方法和沉积盆地演化分析来阐明其变化规律。在扬子板...