基于孔隙弹性理论探讨根据地下水观测资料求解Skempton系数B的方法

在孔隙弹性理论中,Skempton系数B是流体压强、应力、断层等的几何形态和密封性的函数,它反映了孔隙度和孔隙流体压缩系数的特性和含水层的封闭程度,是孔隙弹性理论中的重要参数。B值一般用于计算由地震引起的与孔隙弹性理论相关的应力变化,主要用于库仑破裂应力的计算。对于活动断层来说,B值与本征摩擦系数μ一样难以确定。本文在介绍并总结近几十年来B值的理论研究的同时,重点介绍基于孔隙弹性理论从地下流体观测资料中获取井孔原位条件下B值的方法、目前在获取方法上存在的争议及其在库仑破裂应力计算中的具体应用。     

武汉九峰站地下水变化对重力场观测的影响

本文从地下水渗透过程的物理机制出发,采用一维水动力学模拟,利用井水位和降雨数据模拟计算了武汉九峰站附近的土壤含水率变化,在此基础上估计了地下水变化导致的重力效应.其峰对峰变化幅度达到15.94μGal,说明当利用精密重力观测研究长周期效应时实施台站地下水改正的必要性;频域分析表明,地下水重力效应在周年频段上的振幅最大,说明地下水变化对重力的最大影响来自季节性变化.对比模拟计算的地下水重力效应和经过潮汐、大气、极移等改正后的高精度超导重力残差（峰对峰变化幅度为12.73μGal）,发现两者在时域和频域均具有良好的一致性,说明超导重力残差信号主要来源于局部地区地下水的变化,同时也验证了本文使用的水动力学模拟方法的正确性.     

山东地下水动态观测井对2007年印尼8.5级地震的响应特征

根据山东地下水动态观测井记录的2007年9月12日印尼苏门答腊南部海域8.5级地震的水震波资料,对不同类型仪器对水震波的响应特征及其影响因素进行了分析,认为影响其记震能力的主要因素是井孔含水层系统的水文地质条件、地质构造环境和观测仪器的类型.     

基于数字图像相关方法的断层破裂扩展实验研究

活断层是发生构造地震和引起相关地质灾害的主要原因,其中受第四系松散沉积物覆盖的活断层相对于地表出露的断层更具隐蔽性和危险性。因此,活断层破裂及其在沉积层中的扩展研究是地震地质科学和防震减灾工程中的重要课题。为了深入理解活断层破裂扩展特征和机理,本文基于数字图像相关方法开展了破裂在岩石和断层基岩上覆沉积层扩展的断裂实验和地质力学模型实验研究。主要的研究工作如下：     

Reaearch on Skempton's coefficient B based on the observation of groundwater of Changping station

Based on isotropic linear poroelastic theory and under the undrained condition, we summarize three equations connecting the Skempton's coefficient B with the groundwater level. After analysis, we propose a method to calculate the Skempton's coefficient B according to the relationship between water level and tidal strain. With this method we can get the value of B without the earthquake occurrence, which can provide the high frequency waves for research. Besides, we can also get the in-suit Skempton's coefficient B without the experiment of rock physics. In addition, we analyze the observed data of Changping station recorded in groundwater monitoring network (abv., GMN) before and after the Wenchuan M_S8.0 with this method, and find out there's a slight change of the value of B after the seismic waves passed by, which implies that the propagation of seismic waves may have brought some variations to the poroelastic medium of the well.

     

泉州地区地下水位观测资料初步分析

介绍了泉州地区地下流体网点分布的概况,对水位观测资料质量进行简单地分析。着重探讨水位观测资料的连续完整率、稳定性、动态特征及其观测资料的内在观测质量等,以获取泉州地区水位观测资料对于地震预报的利用价值。     

Optimizing Ground Water Observation Networks in Irrigation Areas Using Principal Component Analysis

Ground water monitoring networks can provide vital information for sustainable water resources management. This involves the measurement of ground water level, solute concentration, or both. This article deals with the former. It optimizes network distribution of piezometer or data sampling wells to effectively monitor ground water levels under an irrigation region while retaining adequate overall measurement accuracy. This article presents a structured process for applying principal component analysis (PCA) in optimizing a ground water monitoring network in an irrigation area of Australia. The PCA functions, distributed with the MATLAB package, were used to determine relative contributions of individual piezometers in capturing the spatiotemporal variation of ground water levels. Kriging gridding interpolation algorithm was used to render the data surface presentations and determine spatial differences in piezometeric surfaces using different number of data sets. The results show that the overall difference of ground water level between the original piezometer network and the optimized networks after the PCA process was applied is less than 20%, while the total number of piezometers in the optimized network is reduced by 63%, which will save the time and cost to monitor ground water levels in the irrigation area.