海水表面温度变化及其对笔石动物群分布的控制作用

本文通过对宜昌黄花场剖面和宜昌陈家河剖面大湾组83件样品和陈家河剖面红花园组2件样品的碳氧同位素测试数据,分析了奥陶纪大坪期海水表面温度的变化;并以宜昌黄花场剖面大湾组笔石序列为基础,结合华南地区笔石动物群的分布情况,分析了海水表面温度的变化对笔石动物群地理分布的影响,提出温度变化仅是影响笔石动物群地理分布的间接因素,前人的纬度分带学说值得进一步研究。     

海水表面温度变化及其对笔石动物群分布的控制作用——以湖北宜昌奥陶系大湾组为例

本文通过对宜昌黄花场剖面和宜昌陈家河剖面大湾组83件样品和陈家河剖面红花园组2件样品的碳氧同位素测试数据,分析了奥陶纪大坪期海水表面温度的变化;并以宜昌黄花场剖面大湾组笔石序列为基础,结合华南地区笔石动物群的分布情况,分析了海水表面温度的变化对笔石动物群地理分布的影响,提出温度变化仅是影响笔石动物群地理分布的间接因素,前人的纬度分带学说值得进一步探讨。     

华南下/中奥陶统界线附近笔石相的分异与全球下/中奥陶统界线生物标志的选择

通过对宜昌黄花场(扬子地台中部)大湾组剖面和重庆城口(扬子地台北部)的湄潭组剖面笔石动物群特征的分析,结合江西崇义地区(盆地相)、江南过渡带笔石动物群的研究成果,讨论了华南下／中奥陶统界线附近笔石相分异的现象,并探讨了下／中奥陶统界线附近笔石动物和牙形石的相互关系。认为宜昌黄花场剖面完全具备建立全球下／中奥陶统界线层型剖面和点(GSSP)的条件,牙形石B.triangularis的首次出现(FAD)是良好的界线生物标志。     

A proposed GSSP for the base of the Middle Ordovician Series： the Huanghuachang section,Yichang, China

The Huanghuachang section near Yichang, southern China meets the requirements of Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Middle Ordovician Series and the yet-to-be-named third stage of the Ordovician System (or lower stage of Middle Ordovician Series). The conodont succession at the section is complete across the Lower to Middle Ordovician series boundary and several excellent phylogenetic lineages of Baltoniodus, Trapezognathus, Periodon, and Microzarkodina are represented. The definition of the base of the Middle Ordovician is proposed to be the first appearance datum (FAD) of Baltoniodus? triangularis in the section. It is followed closely by the FAD of Microzarkodina flabellum, which is taken as a reasonable proxy for the boundary. This level approximates the boundary between the lower and upper intervals of the Azygograptus suecicus graptolite Biozone, and nearly coincides with the base of the Belonechitina henryi chitinozoan Biozone.The proposed GSSP for the base of the international Middle Ordovician Series is located in a roadside exposure at the base of Bed (SHod) 16, 10.57 m above the base of the Dawan Formation in the measured Huanghuachang section near Yichang City, southern China. The same faunal succession is also recorded from the Chenjiahe (formerly Daping) section, 5 km to the north of the Huanghuachang section. The proposed boundary horizon can be recognized and correlated globally with high precision in both relatively shallow-water carbonate facies as well as in deep-water graptolite facies.     

Taxonomy,Zonation and Correlation of the Graptolite Fauna across the Lower/Middle Ordovician Boundary Interval in the Yangtze Gorges Area,South China

The graptolite fauna across the Lower and Middle Ordovician boundary at the Huanghuachang GSSP section,Yichang and the Jianyangping section,Xingshan County is described. The taxonomy of the pendent didymograptids,the graptolite zonations across the base of Middle Ordovician and their correlations are discussed in this paper.The two revised graptolite zones,the Didymograptellus bifidus Zone and the Azygograptus suecicus Zone,can be well correlated to their equivalents elsewhere in the world.     

Ordovician-Silurian Boundary Extinction and Its Relationship to Iridium and carbon Isotope Anomalies

The abundance distributions of more than 40 elements in the No. 502 Ordovician-Silurian (O/S) bounda-ry section at Fenxiang, Yichang have been studied by RNAA and INAA. The results show that in the bounda-ry bed, there is a distinctive Ir anomaly because the Ir concentration abruptly increases to 0.64 ppb.Furthermore, the Ir is positively correlated in abundance variation with some siderophile and sulphophile ele-ments. In the same bed of the O/S boundary section at Huanghuachang, Yichang, there is also a δ~(13)C excur-sion. These geochemical signs support the hypothesis that the terminal Ordovician mass extinction was proba-bly related to extraterrestrial event, and provide new evidence for defining the O/S boundary between theHirnantia-Kinnella and G. persculptus Zones.     

湖北宜昌重要地质遗迹资源特征及发展模式探讨

本文系统总结了湖北宜昌地区省级及省级以上地质遗迹资源,认为该地区地质遗迹分布规律主要可概括为两个方面,一是受控于地形和河流的综合作用,以各类地貌景观遗迹为特点;二是各个地质时代地层剖面齐全,古生物化石产地聚集.其中可归类为世界级地质遗迹点为5个,均以"古生物化石"为核心,分别为三峡地区埃迪卡拉生物群、长阳寒武纪清江生物...     

中国奥陶系和下志留统下部年代地层单位的划分

十多年来全球和我国奥陶系和下志留统下部年代地层研究取得很大进展 ,在前人所积累的大量成果和资料的基础上 ,结合近年来的研究 ,厘定了我国奥陶系和下志留统下部年代地层单位系统 ,建议分别以吉林浑江大阳岔 (或江西武宁或湖北宜昌黄花场 )、湖北宜昌黄花场、浙江常山黄泥塘、新疆柯坪大湾沟和湖北远安苟家垭剖面为界线层型 ,将中国奥陶系自下而上划分为 :新厂阶 (或特马豆克阶 )、道保湾阶、大湾阶、达瑞维尔阶、艾家山阶和钱塘江阶。为了客观反应我国奥陶系的特点 ,同时便于与全球年代地层单位界线对比 ,建议将上述各个阶底界的的界线依次划在 R.taojiangensis( =R.praeparabola) / H .simplex、 O.communis、 B.triangularis/ T.laevis、 U.austrodentatus、 N .gracilis和 N ankinolithus带的底部 ;中下奥陶统和中上奥陶统之间的界线分别定在道保湾阶 /大湾阶和达瑞维尔阶 /艾家山阶之间。建议下志留统最下部两个年代地层单位——龙马溪阶和大中坝阶——以湖北宜昌王家湾剖面为界线层型 ,分别以 A.ascensus和 D .triangulatus的首现为划分标志。对每一个阶的命名、含义、界线层型剖面的岩性特征、界线划分的生物标志、与全球相关年代地层单位层型和点 ( GSSP)的对比 ,以及与过去曾经建议或使用过?     

湖北宜昌和南漳奥陶系大湾组笔石生物地层

根据宜昌陈家河剖面大湾组的笔石标本,确立笔石序列自下而上为:Didymograptellus eobifidus带、Corymbograptus deflexus带和Azygograptus suecicus带(大湾组下段),Exigraptus clavus带和Undulogr aptusaustrodentatus带(大湾组上段)。对湖北南漳的全家湾和李家湾两剖面的大湾组进行了详细采集测量,其中全家湾剖面大湾组下段自下而上识别出D.eobifidus带、C.deflexus带和A.suecicus带;李家湾剖面大湾组下段自下而上识别出D.eobifidus带和A.suecicus带,证实南漳大湾组的底界与宜昌地区基本一致。     

中国南方奥陶纪构造古地理及年代与生物地层的划分与对比

岩相、生物区系和构造组合特征的重新研究表明,在我国南方奥陶纪可以识别出三种不同类型的构造古地理区,即扬子浅海碳酸盐岩台地相区、江南和南秦岭陆棚斜坡过渡相区和华夏陆缘岛弧和边缘盆地相区。前二者应归属于扬子地块;而沉积、生物组合特征以及槽模所指示NW320°的水流方向说明,后者似应归属于华夏地块,而不是华南地块。海南岛作为一个漂移地体,奥陶系可能属于印支地块台缘陆棚相区。年代和生物地层划分和对比研究表明,我国吉林白山大阳岔小阳桥寒武系与奥陶系界线剖面发育了完整的、具有广泛对比意义的牙形石和笔石序列,建议以牙形石Cordylodus intermedius的首现取代在分类上有争议且罕见的Iapetognathus fluctivagus,作为全球寒武系奥陶系界线划分的生物标志。湖南益阳南坝泥江口剖面保存了完整特马豆克期晚期至弗洛期早期笔石序列,建议用益阳阶取代“道保湾阶”作为我国奥陶系区域年代地层单位,易于与瑞典弗洛阶金钉子剖面对比。对宜昌附近黄花场、分乡、陈家河和普溪河等以及湖南慈利茅草铺大湾组至宝塔组含牙形石碳酸盐岩地层的系统采集和研究表明,大湾组自下而上可以分为上Oepikodus communis、Oepikodus evae (s.s.)、Periodon flabellum、Microzarkodina russica、Baltoniodus triangularis、Baltoniodus navis、B.norrlandicus和Lenodus antivariabilis等8个牙形石生物带,并讨论了它们与相关笔石带的对应关系。随着牙形石Protopederodus liripipus在黄花场和普溪河剖面宝塔组底界之上2~3 m出现以及相应碳同位素偏移,说明在扬子碳酸盐岩台地上奥陶统凯迪阶下界应置于宝塔组下部,与Hamarodus? europaeus牙形石带近底部大致相当或接近。据高分辨率离子探针(SHRIMP-II)锆石U-Pb年龄测定,宜昌岩屋咀晚奥陶世五峰组底部Dicellograptus complexus笔石带之下20 cm所发现斑脱岩夹层的年龄为(448.6±4.8) Ma;而田家场Paraorthograptus pacificus笔石带顶部斑脱岩夹层的年龄为(446.5±2.1) Ma,暗示宜昌地区五峰组大约经历了5.4 Ma的沉积时间。     

湖北宜昌黄花场下奥陶统弗洛阶上部牙形刺生物地层分带及对比

在宜昌黄花场剖面弗洛期原Oepikodus evae带牙形刺生物地层系统研究的基础上,笔者等讨论了Stolodus stola,L.gladiatus,O.intermedius,Oepikodus communis,Prioniodus honghuayuanensis等重要的多分子器官种分类问题。认为Oepikodus evae带上部时限范围内并未见Oepikodus evae分子,所以与国际地层指南(2000)关于间隔带和延限带的含义相悖。本文通过对黄花场剖面牙形刺样品补充采样、系统检查和厘定原O.evae带内一些牙形石属种分类,分析了牙形刺垂向分布特征。厘定了原Stolodus stola亚带的首现层位,修订了原Oepikodus evae带的含义。在此基础上,以牙形刺带分子首现为标志,将红花园组上部—大湾组下段自下而上划分为4个间隔带和3个亚带。其中4个间隔带为:Prioniodus honghuayuanensis带,O.evae带,Trapezognathus diprion带和Baltoniodus cf.B.triangularis带。其中Prioniodushonghuayuanensis带,Trapezognathus diprion带,Baltoniodus cf.B.triangularis带为新建化石带。并在Trapezognathus diprion和Baltoniodus cf.B.triangularis带时限范围内划分3个亚带:Stolodus stola亚带,Oepikodus intermedius亚带,Microzkodina sp.A.亚带;其中Oepikodus intermedius亚带,Microzkodina sp.A.亚带为新建亚带。由于黄花场剖面中Trapezognathus diprion带-Baltoniodus cf.B.triangularis带时限范围内发现丰富的Reutterodus andinus,Oepikodus intermedius,Juanognathus variabilis等暖水型牙形刺,故此这两个间隔带可为北美中大陆地区同期地层划分对比提供良好的标准。这一划分方案也为进行洲际间不同生物地理分区的精细地层划分对比提供了详实的资料。     

湖北宜昌黄花场中/下奥陶统界线附近几丁虫组合及其地层学意义

对宜昌黄花场大湾组下段牙形石 Oepikodus evae带至 Baltoniodus triangularis带系统采集与分析几丁虫样品 ,共发现几丁虫 6属 12种 ,其中包括 1个相似种、1个未定种 ,它们是 Conochitina raymondii,C.ordinaria,C.primitiva,C.langei,C.brevis,C.poumoti,C.decipiens,Belonechitina cf.micracantha,L agenochitina esthoni-ca,L.sp.,Eremochitina baculata和 Cyathochitina dispar等。根据上述几丁虫的地质和地理分布特征 ,自下而上可划分为 Conochitina langei带和 Eremochitina baculata带 ,讨论并指出了他们与相关笔石、牙形石生物带的关系     

古生代海洋碳同位素演化

本文给出对中国古生代海相碳酸盐岩地层的系统的碳同位素研究结果。对密集地采自寒武纪、奥陶纪、泥盆纪、石炭纪和二叠纪5个海相碳酸盐岩地层剖面的681个样品作了碳同位素研究。所得到的古生代海相碳酸盐岩地层δ¹³C值长趋势演化的模式表明,从寒武纪(δ¹³C平均为-0.3‰)到石炭纪(3‰)和二叠纪(3.4‰)逐渐富集¹³C.此变化模式与古生代有机碳的埋藏数量有关,或许与大洋中脊体系的体积变化有关。     

宜昌地区砾石层的磁性特征与物源分析

分布于宜昌-宜都-鸦鹊岭-枝江一带的宜昌砾石层,是江汉平原边缘丘陵区厚度最大的第四纪沉积物,对地层划分、环境演化及长江形成等研究具有十分重要意义。通过对代表该砾石层完整沉积序列的善溪窑剖面（上段）、云池剖面（中段）与李家院剖面（下段）的磁学特征分析发现,从云池剖面距底部9m处向上,磁化率和磁化参数F_300mT等均明显高于其下部分,具体为：  1）下部磁化率平均值为28×10^-8 m³/kg,而上部磁化率平均达到17010^-8 m³/kg;   2）云池剖面距底部9m处以上主导砾石层剖面磁性特征的物质以低矫顽力的亚磁铁性矿物为主,而以下却含有更多的高矫顽力磁性矿物(如赤铁矿);   3）善溪窑和云池砾石层的亚磁性物质颗粒要粗于李家院样品。初步分析认为,上述磁性差异主要是物源变化引起的,距云池剖面底部9m以下的砾石层物源主要为鄂西山地,从云池剖面9m开始有四川以西的物质进入江汉平原,表明此时三峡已经贯通。根据已有的测年资料,推测长江贯通三峡的时间大约为1.0～1.1MaB.P.。     

牯牛潭组与庙坡组的界线

<正> 牯牛潭组和庙坡组是张文堂(1962)命名建立的,标准剖面位于湖北宜昌分乡镇西侧的牯牛潭。牯牛潭组以灰岩与瘤状灰岩为主,厚约20m;庙坡组为页岩夹灰岩,厚约2m,页岩的出现为庙坡组的开始。长期以来这一观点被广大地质工作者所接受。70年代初南京地质古生物研究所西南队在湖北宜昌黄花场重测奥陶系剖面时,在牯牛潭组顶部约0.5m厚的地层中发现了三叶虫Birmanites hupeiensis Yi,Lonchodomas brevicis Lu,     

长江三峡河段下切速率研究*

长江三峡河段的阶地主要分布在宽谷河段和长江支流河口部位。文章通过对阶地堆积物沉积相的分析和TL测年,计算出了三峡河段不同地点的下切速率:重庆河段为84.56cm/ka,涪陵河段为93.9cm/ka,丰都河段为69.8cm/ka,忠县河段为77.65cm/ka,万州河段为75.1cm/ka,奉节河段为83.8cm/ka,宜昌三斗坪河段为74.2cm/ka。 整个三峡河段的平均下切速率为81.2cm/ka。分析得出:1)三峡河段不同地点的下切速率相近;2)近0.4Ma以来,长江三峡河段的下切速率有越来越快的趋势,这表明该地区在此期间发生了构造隆升而引起河流下切加剧;3) 长江三峡河段的下切速率与金沙江下段相近。     

三峡东部地区泥盆系写经寺组下部一套可能的海啸沉积

三峡东部地区泥盆系写经寺组中普遍发育一套或数套薄-中层状砾屑灰岩。通过对建始县长梁子、长阳县渔峡口、宜昌市官庄3个剖面的详细研究,发现上部砾屑发育菊花状或倒小字形构造,无疑属风暴沉积;而下部砾屑发育反向叠瓦构造,结合侧向相变关系和空间分布,认为其可能代表了F-F之交小行星坠入海洋引起的全球性海啸在古陆边缘的沉积。     

湖北宜昌茅坪泗溪剖面埃迪卡拉系岩石地层和碳同位素地层研究

华南埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组上部的δ13C巨大负异常事件(DOUNCE)是当前埃迪卡拉系研究最受关注的焦点之一。在对湖北宜昌茅坪泗溪剖面埃迪卡拉系开展高精度的岩石地层和碳氧同位素研究的基础上,通过与黄陵背斜周缘其他剖面的对比,表明峡区陡山沱晚期DOUNCE事件的δ13C值变化由下降—负漂移—短期正漂移—回升4个阶段构成,但DOUNCE事件在不同剖面上的表现存在明显差异。详细的沉积岩相分析和地层对比表明,各剖面δ13C演化差异是由岩相变化导致的岩石地层发育差异引起的。泗溪剖面DOUNCE事件主体部分缺失与该剖面位于台内盆地斜坡环境,发育多层滑塌构造造成的地层缺失有关。研究结果表明在缺乏生物地层控制的埃迪卡拉系,δ13C同位素地层是揭示沉积相变化造成的岩石地层差异和地层对比的重要手段。     

Biotic characteristics of the Sinian-Cambrian boundary beds in China and the boundary problems

There is general agreement that the first appearance of various small shelly fossils should be used to help delineate the beginning of the Cambrian Period. The history of research on this stratigraphic topic in China is briefly outlined and leads on to a discussion of the boundary problem in the light of information available both inside and outside China.The sections across the Precambrian—Cambrian (Sinian—Cambrian) boundary are described with notes on fossils in: (1) Tianzhushan section, Yichang, Hubei; (2) Maidiping section, Emli, Sichuan; (3) Wangjiawan section, Jinning County, Yunnan; and (4) Kunyang section, Yunnan.This is followed by a consideration of the biotic characteristics of Sinian—Cambrian Period. The history of research on this stratigraphic topic in China is briefly outlined and leads on to a discussion of the boundary problem in the light of information available both inside and outside China. This is followed by a consideration of the biotic characteristics of Sinian—Cambrian boundary beds, with respect to stratigraphy as well as organic evolution. The Precambrian—Cambrian boundary in China is estimated to have an age of 615 ± 20 Ma.It is commented that the above sections are qualified to be important candidates for the selection of the Sinian—Cambrian boundary stratotype and are also important working reference sections for the international Precambrian—Cambrian boundary stratotype.     

Nature of the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian Xiaohe section,Hunan-Hubei area,South China: implications for the Kwangsian Orogeny

ABSTRACT

The intraplate Kwangsian Orogeny is a key orogenic event in South China in the mid-Paleozoic. We re-examined the evidence for the Yichang Uplift, an inferred geographic feature during the Kwangsian Orogeny, to evaluate its timing and nature. Field, sedimentological, mineralogical and geochronological data were collected from the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian Xiaohe section, Hunan-Hubei area. Results suggest that the Xiaohe section is composed of the Late Ordovician Wufeng Formation black shale in the lower part and the Early Silurian Longmaxi Formation black shale in the upper part. We found that the clay layers interbedded in the Wufeng Formation are altered rhyolitic tuffs instead of parts of a subaerial wreathing crust. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of zircons in the top tuff layer of the Wufeng Formation yielded an age of 447.0 + 1.4/- 2.2 Ma, consistent with biostratigraphic data, providing a radiometric constraint for the sedimentary break existed between the Wufeng and Longmaxi formations and confirming the absence of the Hirnantian (latest Ordovician) Guanyinqiao Formation in the study area. Our data support that the Yichang Uplift was a submarine highland possibly initiated by the reactivation of the inherited Jianshi-Enshi Fault in the Hunan-Hubei area during the Kwangsian Orogeny.