3成矿预测及找矿远景区

３．１成矿预测原则及依据（１）限于研究的范围和对象，成矿预测重点放在雪峰弧形构造带的中、西段，而又以成矿条件相对较好的中段（即益阳—怀化一段）为主；预测对象则是以与剪切带有关的金、锑矿为重点。（２）由于该带地质工作和研究程度均较高，先后有多个勘查、科...     

贵州大厂锑矿流体包裹体与稳定同位素

用流体包裹体与稳定同位素对大厂锑矿成矿流体物理化学性质的研究表明，成充体低温低盐度，水质质以Ｆ－ＳＯ４－Ｃａ－Ｋ为主，含气态烃与液态烃，偏酸性与还原环境，成矿介质水主要来自大气降水，硫为幔源硫，辉锑矿的形成与有机质有关。     

哀牢山金矿带金成矿制约机制探讨

哀牢山金矿带金成矿制约机制探讨＠毕献武￥中国科学院地球化学研究所哀牢山金矿,金成矿,制约机制哀牢山金矿带金成矿制约机制探讨毕献武（中国科学院地球化学研究所,贵阳５５０００２）关键词哀牢山金矿金成矿制约机制哀牢山金矿带是我国西南“三江”构造成矿带的重要组成...     

数学地质分析在大厂型锑矿找矿预测中的应用

认为大厂型锑矿受下列地质因素制约：①古构造控矿,包括古断裂、古坳陷和古岩溶面,古断裂的生长活动形成了大厂古坳陷－大厂断裂盆地和古岩溶面,为“大厂层”的沉积提供古地理环境;②具有重要工业价值的锑矿都受控于“大厂层”这个特定的含矿层位和该层位的岩石组合;③锑矿带受燕山期定型构造所控,矿化富集规模受构造的级序所控制;④成矿作用与火山气液带来的成矿物质聚集有关;⑤成矿富集与含矿热液叠加作用有关。对大厂型锑     

正向运动韧性剪切带形成机理及成矿条件初探

正向运动韧性剪切带形成机理及成矿条件初探何直凯（中国科学院地球化学研究所，贵阳５５０００２）关键词正向运动韧性剪切带，形成机理，构造模式，成矿条件自８０年代以来，发现某些金矿与韧性剪切带在时、空、成因等的密切联系，近年来对其研究有了突破性进展。到目前...     

有机包裹体研究的某些进展

有机包裹体研究的某些进展施继锡（中国科学院地球化学研究所，贵阳５５０００２）兰文波（中国科学院地质新技术研究所，广州５１０６４０）关键词有机包裹体，油气勘探和金属有机成矿，分析方法有机包裹体及其在油气勘探与金属有机成矿中的应用，已成为流体包裹体研究的...     

贵州晴隆锑矿古油藏发现及成藏年代学研究

<正>贵州晴隆火山岩型锑矿床是我国重要的典型锑矿床。晴隆锑矿含有丰富的有机包裹体,然而关于这些有机质的来源一直未能查清。尽管其他研究者也讨论锑矿形成与有机质的关系,但有机质研究的重要材料-沥青的缺乏或者含量较少,使得有机质与锑矿成矿关系的研究不易深入。本次研究对晴隆锑矿古油藏中的沥青首次开展Re-Os同位素测年,为探索有机质与金属成矿关系提供新的证据。     

贵州大厂锑矿有机质与有机成矿作用

用有机地球化学方法对矿区与右江盆地有机质的分析研究表明，容矿的大厂层有机碳与锑含量相对较高；有机包裹体主要是气态烃包裹体与沥青包裹体，在气态烃包裹体中含0％～30％的液态烃，发暗黄色荧光；有机气相成分中四种烷烃甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、丁烷均有显示；从主成矿期萤石中的沥青及右江盆地再沉积火山碎屑岩中的干酪根的生物标志物测定结果来看，二者在正烷烃、类异戊二烯烷烃、萜烷与甾烷标志物特征上较为接近，表明右江盆地沉积物中的有机质与锑矿中的有机质有亲缘关系。模拟实验证明原油对锑有较强的萃取迁移能力；而有机质在锑成矿过程中主要起三方面的作用：淋滤、萃取迁移及还原沉淀。     

新疆北部火山岩及其与成矿的关系

新疆北部火山岩及其与成矿的关系梅厚钧，杨学昌，李荪蓉（中国科学院广州地质新技术研究所，广州５１０６４０）（ＧｕａｎｇｚｈｏｕＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄＮｅｗＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，ＣＡＡＳ）（中国科学院贵阳地球化学研究所，贵阳５５０００...     

晴隆大厂锑矿田锑矿成矿的构造控制及实验研究

贵州省晴隆大厂锑矿田是我国锑矿的重要产地之一,锑矿床严格受“大厂层”的控制,该层是产于二叠系峨嵋山玄武岩底部和茅口组不整合面上的复杂蚀变岩层。锑在“大厂层”中得到初步富集之后,又经构造改造,被活化迁移到有利构造部位而形成矿床。矿体具有明显的构造—热液改造成矿特点,以各种脉状、透镜状为主。本文从构造与成矿关系入手,通过野外和室内摸拟实验,对锑矿成矿的构造控制特征,构造热动力作用下锑的地球化学行为以及矿田内岩石的应力、应变和物质成分变化及其对锑矿成矿作用的影响等方面进行了探讨,在锑矿成矿规律和构造运动与物质运动之间关系上取得了进一步的认识。     

柴东欧南凹陷石炭系烃源岩有机质富集的影响因素

柴达木盆地东部地区欧南凹陷是石炭系油气运聚成藏的有利构造单元,具有一定勘探潜力,但对有机质富集机理认识不清导致对优质烃源岩分布的预测缺乏有效指导,制约了油气勘探进程.基于地球化学分析、XRD、SEM等分析测试,对石炭系烃源岩矿物组分、 有机质丰度、 干酪根类型、 热演化程度、 形成环境、TOC与主要矿物关系等进行了综合...     

福建政和下屯铜多金属矿床矿石组构特征及成因探讨

通过钻探岩芯矿石光片、薄片显微镜鉴定,并结合地表的野外地质调查工作,对下屯铜多金属矿床矿石特征进行系统研究;根据矿石组构特征、矿物组成特征及金属矿物和脉石矿物组合、相互交叉生长关系,将矿床分为两个期次和四个阶段。初步认为该矿床为构造-热液叠加型多金属矿床。     

青海祁连地区三叠纪泥页岩地球化学特征及储集条件

青海省祁连地区三叠系分布广泛,含气暗色泥页岩系和碳酸盐岩发育。通过北祁连、南祁连地区的路线地质调查、钻探施工、样品测试和资料搜集对三叠系页岩地化特征、储层条件进行研究,结果表明：青海省祁连地区上三叠统厚度较大,有机质丰度多数属于低-中等,部分属于高-特高等,有机质类型以II1、II2型为主,部分地段有III型,有机质成熟度均达到低成熟-成熟阶段,具备形成页岩油气的地质条件。页岩中石英、斜长石、方解石等脆性矿物含量相对较高,岩性较致密,储集空间为孔隙和裂缝,属裂缝孔隙型储层,有利于后期改造。研究认为,青海省祁连地区三叠系具备较好的页岩气勘查前景。     

Methane Adsorption on Montmorillonite,Kaolinite and Illite at High Pressures

Shale gas, which is derived from organic matters in shale and stored in shale deposits, is an important unconventional gas resource and attracts attention due to its significant requirement in the hydrocarbon production. Methane (CH4) is the dominant component of shale gas, and adsorbed gas is an important reservoir form. Many studies have investigated the adsorption capacities and adsorption mechanisms of CH4 in shale. Organic matters and clay minerals have been proposed to be the two major components for CH4 adsorption. Adsorption of CH4 in organic matters, such as the adsorption capacity and effects of characteristics of the organic matters, has been well investigated. However, studies on CH4 adsorption on clay minerals have mainly focused on evaluating the adsorption capacity, and very little information about the adsorption mechanism has been provided. For example, the adsorption sites and factors influencing CH4 adsorption on clay minerals remain unclear. Three main reasons account for this: (1) the co-existence of organic matters in samples affects the evaluation of CH4 adsorption on clay minerals; (2) the pressures used during adsorption are not representative of actual reservoir pressures; and (3) the clay minerals selected have low swelling capacity and a smaller interlayer distances than a CH4 size, resulting in the misunderstanding of the CH4 adsorption sites.     

Metal Speciation in Water of the Flooded Mine “Arsenic” (Karelia,Russia): Equilibrium-Kinetic Modeling with a Focus on the Influence of Humic Substances

Equilibrium-kinetic modeling allows investigating metal behavior in the water–rock-organic matter system with time to evaluate anthropogenic effects on the environment. In the article, the interactions of stagnant mine drainage water of the flooded mine “Arsenic” with ore and gangue minerals were simulated using different organic matter incorporation approaches. If the model is closed to humic substances (no additional organic matter input), most fulvic acids are bound in the Fe fulvate complex. While under the removal of Fe fulvate from the model, the Cu fulvate becomes prevalent, the contribution of the fulvate complexes with Zn, Mg, and Ca also increases. This scenario simulates the organo-mineral complexes behavior well and allows identifying the sequence of metal binding to organic ligands as follows Fe?>?Cu?>?Zn?>?Mg?>?Ca. The second scenario imitates the constant input of organic matter to the model (open system regarding humic substances). The dissolved metal concentrations in the model solution are extremely high in comparison to the mine drainage water. This scenario demonstrates that excessive input of organic matter leads to the accumulation of the metals in a dissolved form and blocks the secondary mineral formation despite the faster dissolution of the primary minerals under a more acidic pH than in the first scenario. However, despite the differences between the model solution and the mine drainage water, this scenario is useful to address specific issues associated with changes in natural and anthropogenic conditions. Both scenarios show the importance of organic matter incorporation to the equilibrium-kinetic models.

     

贵重和有色金属矿床钨氧化钐-钕同位素定年研究及其地质意义

本文结合国内外典型研究事例分析 ,介绍了钨氧化物钐 钕同位素直接定年技术在贵重和有色金属矿床研究中的适用性和局限性 ,探讨了利用钕同位素数据示踪成矿物质来源与流体运移轨迹的可能性 ,指出对同一金属矿床开展多种同位素分析的重要性和必要性。     

Variscan and post-Variscan lead–zinc mineralization, Rhenish Massif, Germany: evidence for sulfide precipitation via thermochemical sulfate reduction

A mechanical decrepitation device coupled with a gas chromatograph has been used to characterize the molecular composition of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons contained in minerals. Application of this technique allows the identification of low-molecular-weight n-alkanes and some aromatic hydrocarbons in sulfides and gangue minerals from epigenetic Variscan and post-Variscan lead–zinc deposits in the Rhenish Massif, Germany. Based on the analysis of 200 samples, Variscan and post-Variscan mineralization can be distinguished by the composition of associated hydrocarbons. Variscan sulfides and gangue minerals contain high abundancies of methane. In contrast, n-alkanes in the C₂–C₉ range and aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene) are dominant in post-Variscan mineralization. The absence of high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons in ore minerals suggests highly mature gas associated with hydrothermal activity, during which hydrothermal fluids caused an increase in thermal maturation of organic matter and the generation of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons in the adjacent organic-rich rocks. The hydrocarbon compositions contained in fluid inclusions of Variscan and post-Variscan minerals are probably governed by the maturation level of the potential source rocks. In Variscan time tectonic brines (T > 175 °C) generated predominantly methane, whereas basement brines (T < 175 °C) expelled higher-molecular-weight hydrocarbons (wet gases, condensates, aromatic hydrocarbons) from adjacent rocks during the Mesozoic event. The specific role of hydrocarbons in sulfide precipitation via thermochemical sulfate reduction is indicated by geochemical characteristics of organic matter associated with the Plombières Pb–Zn deposit, in eastern Belgium. Intense alteration phenomena were observed in near-ore kerogens, compared with unaltered kerogens far from the ore body, as well as by a very high maturity (5.40% R_o), a systematic depletion in ¹²C towards the vein-type mineralization, high atomic S/C ratios (0.49), and by low atomic H/C ratios (0.29). The data suggest that hydrothermal solutions caused a drastic increase in the thermal maturation of organic matter within the adjacent wall rock. Increased thermal maturation resulted in increased δ¹³C-values of organic carbon due to the preferential release of ¹²C. The change in the organic matter to a H-depleted and S-enriched bulk composition in association with sulfide ores strongly suggests that thermochemical sulfate reduction was responsible for organic degradation. Thus, thermochemical sulfate reduction probably triggered base metal sulfide precipitation in Variscan and post-Variscan ore deposits of the Rhenish Massif. Finally, based on data from this study and previous investigations, new genetic models are presented for both Variscan and post-Variscan mineralization in the Rhenish Massif. Received: 15 September 1999 / Accepted: 2 December 1999     

烃源岩中可溶有机质与粘土矿物结合关系——以东营凹陷沙四段低熟烃源岩为例

 采用超临界抽提(SFE)新技术和氯仿抽提(CE)以及粘土分离等手段对东营凹陷沙四段低熟油烃源岩进行不同处理,得到3种粘土样品:(1)含有机质的粘土原样;(2)氯仿抽提去有机质的样品;(3)不同实验条件下超临界抽提后的样品。然后,分别对这3种粘土样品进行X射线衍射分析(XRD)和傅利叶转换红外光谱分析(FT-IR).研究发现烃源岩中可溶有机质除了吸附于矿物表面外,还吸附于粘土矿物尤其是蒙皂石层的层间,后者主要为碳数相对较低的饱和烃类。这一发现对认识沉积岩中可溶有机质对粘土矿物结构和特性的影响有着重要意义,对烃源岩评价和探讨泥质烃源岩烃类的初次运移提供了新思路。     

粤北棉花坑铀矿床矿物共生组合特征及其意义

基于棉花坑矿床不同类型铀矿石中矿物共生组合关系研究,讨论了棉花坑矿床成矿作用过程中铀的沉淀富集机制.研究结果显示,棉花坑矿床铀矿体主要呈脉状充填或细脉浸染状产出;铀矿石类型包括萤石型、碳酸盐型、硅质脉型和红化型.虽然不同矿石类型中成矿期形成的脉石矿物种类存在差异,但均表现出以下共性特点:铀矿物赋存于脉状充填矿石的中心部...     

烃源岩中可溶有机质与粘土矿物结合关系——以东营凹陷沙四段低熟烃源岩为例

采用超临界抽提(SFE)新技术和氯仿抽提(CE)以及粘土分离等手段对东营凹陷沙四段低熟油烃源岩进行不同处理,得到3种粘土样品:(1)含有机质的粘土原样;(2)氯仿抽提去有机质的样品;(3)不同实验条件下超临界抽提后的样品。然后,分别对这3种粘土样品进行X射线衍射分析(XRD)和傅利叶转换红外光谱分析(FT-IR).研究发现烃源岩中可溶有机质除了吸附于矿物表面外,还吸附于粘土矿物尤其是蒙皂石层的层间,后者主要为碳数相对较低的饱和烃类。这一发现对认识沉积岩中可溶有机质对粘土矿物结构和特性的影响有着重要意义,对烃源岩评价和探讨泥质烃源岩烃类的初次运移提供了新思路。