对陕北地区石油储量计算中扩边问题的讨论

针对陕北地区油藏类型的特殊性,依据容积法计算模型,对控制储量计算中确定含油面积时的扩边问题进行了讨论,并提出了新的认识.     

基于重叠变换和时频分析的直扩系统自适应干扰抑制算法

提出一种新的直扩系统自适应干扰抑制算法。针对维格纳分布的不足，采用重叠变换将多分量信号分解成为一系列的单分量信号并通过维格纳分布去确定单分量干扰的频率，并设计时变IIR滤波器，和通常采用的线性相位FIR滤波器相比，IIR滤波器具有理想的点阻特性。仿真结果证实IIR滤波器的BER性能好于FIR滤波器。     

地理信息系统中自然语言查询的分词处理与应用

随着地理信息系统应用的不断发展,本文提出了在地理信息系统中对基于受限自然语言的查询语句进行分词处理的方法--首字扩词分词法。该分词方法在汲取正向最大匹配分词方法的核心思想--长词优先原则。为了缩小匹配范围,提高匹配效率,该方法首先根据查询自然语言的首字对词汇库的记录进行筛选,得到以该首字开头的词汇库子集;然后再按照长词优先原则把原查询语句与词汇库子集进行匹配,切分查询语句。通过比较,该方法比正向最大匹配方法具有较小的时间复杂度。同时,采用DELPHI编程语言在计算机上得到了实现。     

一种低信噪比下PN码的快速捕获技术

直扩系统中,为了硬件实现的简便,PN码的捕获一般都采用串行搜索的方法.但当PN码很长时,由于搜索相位点很多,串行搜索法将使捕获时间过长.并且当信噪比较低时,会有较高的虚警概率.这些都会使系统的捕获性能降低.提出一种基于匹配滤波器的快速捕获算法,改善了在极低信噪比下的性能.降低了平均捕获时间.     

扩边尺度对重力异常分层分离处理的影响——以插值切割法为例

以插值切割法为例,对理想模型在地表的重力异常数据进行不同尺度的扩边,并对扩边后的数据进行不同深度层源的切割分离。基于分离后的结果,从不同扩边尺度、不同深度层源的重力异常差异、扩边尺度与重力场源分离误差的角度研究扩边尺度对重力异常分层分离处理的影响。结果表明： 1） 理想模型数据区域的边界效应与扩边尺度、切割分离深度、异常的规模和幅度及空间位置等因素相关; 2） 扩边尺度的选择应综合考虑分析资料所需满足的精度和数据计算效率,扩边尺度不宜过大,扩边尺度与重力异常分层分离最大切割深度至少应满足2∶1的要求才能明显改善边界效应,对含有较大重力异常边界进行切割分离时,应在2倍扩边尺度的基础上再进一步扩边; 3） 边界效应的空间展布不是由数据区域边界向中心区域均匀分布,而与异常体的规模和空间位置有关。     

矿山开采对鹏山水源地影响分析

鹏山水源地开采松散岩类孔隙水和裂隙岩溶水,是莱芜市重要的饮用水水源地,潘西煤矿扩界开采可能对其造成影响。该文从水源地地下水的补径排条件、水文地质边界等多方面考虑,根据地下水动态观测结果,得出水源地和扩采区处于不同的水文地质单元、地貌单元,认为潘西煤矿扩界开采对水源地影响较小。     

基于EAHP模型的市政隧道原位二扩四爆破效果评价

为准确评判隧道拆除爆破效果,保证原位二扩四市政隧道工程在爆破施工期间车辆正常通行,减少既有隧道衬砌结构爆破拆除及扩挖过程的风险,应用物元理论建立了基于EAHP的隧道爆破效果综合评价模型。首先,从爆破方案设计、爆区周边环境、爆破施工质量、爆破器材及爆破安全技术5个方面选取了29个评价因素指标,并划分为5个评价等级。其次,利用可拓变换构建初等关联函数,计算各爆破效果影响因素指标相对评价等级之间的关联度,同时引入层次分析法(AHP法)确定指标权重,根据最大关联度原则判定隧道爆破效果等级,由此建立基于可拓学-层次分析法的综合评价方法,即EAHP。结果表明,将该方法应用于浙江省楼山隧道原位二扩四工程爆破效果评价,得出爆破效果评定结果为K_max=K₂=-0.030 9,即原位二扩四隧道爆破效果评价级别为“爆破效果较好”,与工程实际情况相吻合。因此,基于EAHP综合评价模型选取的评价指标和权重系数合理可靠,通过可拓变换求得的最大关联度也能较好地反映隧道爆破效果等级,说明基于EAHP模型的综合评价方法对隧道爆破效果评判具有较好的适应性。     

载波相位恢复算法研究

载波相位同步是开环结构软件无线电的关键技术,针对全数字接收机的特点,介绍了一种载波相位恢复算法.算法直接利用接收到训练序列进行处理,假设定时已经准确恢复的前提下,只需要一倍码元速率的采样点,无需反馈处理,利用计算出来的相偏直接补偿数据信息相差进行相干解调.仿真结果表明,该算法简单有效,运算量小,与理论值基本相符,非常适合于在DSP器件中实现,实用性强.     

广西征地拆迁工作存在的问题及建议

为落实中央保增长、扩内需、调结构,促进经济平稳较快发展的重大决策部署,完成中央部署"广西要完成全社会同定资产投资6000亿元和1500亿元的技改投资"的任务,一大批重大项目相继开工,建设用地需求量增长较快,征地拆迁工作任务日益繁重,征收土地面临的问题日益突出.笔者参与了广西征地拆迁的调研,现就调研了解的情况提出一些建议,以期共同探讨,推进工作.     

山西煤炭采空塌陷区呈扩大趋势 屡见滑坡地陷

煤炭大省山西改革开放以来累计生产原煤100亿吨左右,为国家的经济发展提供了重要的能源保障。然而,煤矿开采却为生态环境本就脆弱的山西留下了大面积的煤矿采空塌陷区,致使数千村庄房屋受损、耕地毁坏以及饮水困难。据山西省国土部门的资料显示,至2015年,山西煤炭开采导致生态环境经济损失至少达770亿元;至2020年,煤炭开采导致生态环境经济损失至少达850亿元。     

浅淡地下水位以下干钻孔灌注桩施工技术

近年来,钻孔压浆桩、超流态混凝土灌注桩、夯扩桩、静压桩等几种新型桩基施工工艺相继被引进我省,并占领了大部分桩基市场。虽然干作业钻孔灌注桩因单位承载力不高且对地层要求较高,但凭其施工工艺简单、机械易操作、造价低、施工速度快、混凝土灌注质量好等优点仍然在多层建筑中被广泛采用。     

Impacts of land use change on landscape patterns in mountain human settlement: The case study of Hantai District(Shaanxi,China)

Mountain area is an important geographical unit of land,and its ecology is sensitive and fragile.Over the past few decades,human activities have caused dramatic changes in land use in mountainous areas,which caused changes in landscape patterns and impacts on the ecological environment.It is unknown how the mechanism of land use affects the landscape pattern at different scales.The Hantai District,a typical human settlement in the mountain area in Shaanxi,China,was chosen as the study area.Based on the remote sensing images,the mathematical models and landscape indexes were adopted to evaluate the impact of land use change from 1998 to 2017 on the landscape pattern at different scales,and its main driving forces were analyzed.The results showed that the urbanized land expanded largest from 15.39%to 24.30%,and cultivated land experienced the largest decline from 43.54%to 35.35%.Changes in land use have made the patch morphology of most land types developed from a natural random to a sawtooth shape,and its spatial pattern evolved from a ruleset to a fragmented expansion.This reflects the continuous strengthening of human intervention in the process of regional development.Under the jurisdiction of Hantai District,the biggest change in landscape pattern is in Hanzhong City and Qili Town.The improved economy and increasing population and urbanization rate were the main factors that cause these changes.This research could provide necessary information for understanding the evolution mechanism of land resources in mountainous human settlements for mountainous areas with significant geomorphic differentiation.     

房地产宏观政策期待加大执行力

4月27日,中国社会科学院城市发展与环境研究中心和社会科学文献出版社联合主办的2007年中国房地产高峰论坛暨《 房地产蓝皮书》2007年版出版发布会在北京举行.来自中国社会科学院、国土资源部、建设部、国家统计局、中国房地产协会等部门的专家、学者和官员出席了会议.     

边城廿八都

浙西南的江山市廿八都镇,地处浙闽赣三省交界。四面群山拱卫,仙霞古道穿镇而过,自古有“东南锁钥,入闽咽喉”之称。小镇类似文学家沈从文笔下的边城,当时“也有商人落脚的客店,坐镇不动的理发馆。此外,饭店、杂货铺、油行、盐栈、花衣庄,莫不各有一种地位,装点这条小河街。”而唐宋古道驿站遗址和明清古桥民居至今尚存。     

"一户一宅"的思考

《土地管理法》第六十二条规定,农村村民一户只能拥有一处宅基地。这对于节约集约用地,强化农村宅基地管理具有十分重要的指导意义。长期以来,农村旧的宅基地管理模式造成农村村民住房严重超标,一户多宅以及空心村的现象普遍存在,农村宅基地极度浪费。“一户一宅”制从当前全国农村的实际出发,对农村宅基地使用作出了科学合理的界定。但是,在执行“一户一宅”过程中,也出现一些新情况新问题,在市场经济条件下,这些新情况新问题必须在立法和实践中加以解决,并不断完善现有的制度,以达到科学合理地利用农村土地。     

Influence of the roots of mixed-planting species on the shear strength of saline loess soil

In order to improve our knowledge of the mechanical effect of the roots of mixed-plantings on soil reinforcement and slope protection,the influence of roots of a mixed-planting with four herb species(Medicago sativa L.,Elymus nutans Griseb.,Puccinellia distanx(L.),and Poa pratensis L.)and one shrub species(Caragana korshinskii Kom.)were investigated on the shear strength characteristics of saline loess soil.The root distribution characteristics were assessed via a survey when the plants grew for one year.The effects of the root biomass density,the root mass ratio(RMR)of the fine roots to the coarse roots,the moisture content,and the salt content on the shear strength index of the rooted soil were analyzed via a triaxial compression test,and the mechanism of these effects was discussed.The results indicate that the biomass density decreased linearly with increasing depth.The RMR initially decreased with depth and then increased,exhibiting in a quadratic relationship.The cohesion of the rooted soil increased linearly as the biomass density increased.The cohesion of the rooted soil initially increased with increasing RMR and salt content,and then it decreased.The turning point of the cohesion occurred when the RMR was 0.6 and the salt content was 1.18%.The internal friction angle of the rooted soil initially increased with biomass density and then decreased,and the turning point of the internal friction angle occurred when the biomass density was 0.015 g/cm3.The relationships between the internal friction angle of the rooted soil and the RMR and salt content were exponential incremental and linear subtractive relationship,respectively.Both the cohesion and the internal friction angle of the rooted soil linearly decreased with increasing moisture content.     

Combined Bearing Capacity of Spudcans on a Double Layer Deposit of Strong-Over-Weak Clays

An extreme sea storm process can lead to a jack-up rig under the combined loading condition of vertical load(V), horizontal load(H), and moment(M) to have stability problems. This paper presents the analysis of combined bearing capacities of a circular spudcan on layered clays with a strong layer overlying a comparatively weaker layer. Numerical models combined with displacement-based load tests, swipe tests, and constant ratio displacement probe tests are adopted to calculate the uniaxial bearing capacities, failure envelopes in combined V-H, V-M planes, and failure envelopes in a combined V-H-M load space, respectively. A parametric study on the effects of vertical load level V, the layer strength ratio s_u,t/s_u,b, and the hard layer thickness t_1 on the bearing capacities is then performed. Results show that the vertical load level is a key factor that influences the values of H and M and the size of the H-M failure envelope. The existence of the underlying weak clay decreases the bearing capacities in all directions, and the vertical capacity Vult is affected more than the horizontal(H_ult) and moment(M_ult) capacities based on a single uniform deposit. The influence of the underlying weak clay on H-M failure envelope is mainly shown where H and M are coupled in the same direction. In contrast, little difference is observed when H and M are coupled in opposite directions.     

Characteristics and dynamics of the Ganqiuchi rock avalanche triggered by a paleo-earthquake in the Northern Qinling Mountains

Analyzing large prehistoric rock avalanches provides significant data for evaluating the disaster posed by these relatively infrequent but destructive geological events. This paper attempts to study the characteristics and dynamics of the Ganqiuchi granitic rock avalanche, in the middle of the northern margin of Qinling Mountains, 30 km to the south of Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China. In plane view, this rock avalanche is characterized by source area, accumulation area and dammed lake area. Based on previous studies, historical records and regional geological data, the major trigger of the Ganqiuchi rock avalanche is considered to be a strong paleo-earthquake with tremendous energy. The in situ deposit block size distributions of the intact rock mass and the debris deposits are presented and analyzed by using a simple model for estimating the number of fragmentation cycles that the blocks underwent. The results show that the primary controlling factor of the fragmentation process is the pre-existing fractures, and there is a relationship between the potential energy and the fragmentation energy: the latter is approximately 20% of the former. Based on the dynamic discrete element technique, the study proposes a four-stage model for the dynamic course of the Ganqiuchi rock avalanche:(1) failing;(2) highspeed sliding;(3) collision with obstacles;(4) decelerated sliding, which has implication for hazard assessment of the potential rock avalanches in China and other countries with similar geological setting.     

Oxidation Modification of Polyacrylonitrile-Based Carbon Fiber and Its Electro-Chemical Performance as Marine Electrode for Electric Field Test

A novel sensor for ocean electric field testing has been fabricated by polyacrylonitrile-based on carbon fibers with electro-chemical oxidation.The surface profile characteristics of the carbon fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscope,Fourier transform infrared spectra and contact angle.Cyclic voltammetry and Tafel curves have been used to study its electro-chemical performances.Two identical electrodes in sea water as the electric field sensor will swiftly respond to applied electric field which causes positive and negative ions to move in opposite direction,resulting in a electric potential difference(ΔE).Test result indicates that the offset potential is typically below 1 m V with a drift of 60-170μVd^-1.Typical self noise level is 1.07 nV√Hz^1/2@1 Hz.The electric field response indicates that the modified electrode pair shows better response to AC sine signal of amplitude and frequency(5 mV and 1 mHz)respectively than its blank.The electric field response model of the modified electrodes is creatively presented according to its electric double layer capacitance and Faraday pseudo-capacitance.Many advantages of the carbon fiber electric field electrode will make it have potential application prospect.     

Effect of Carbonation and Drying-Wetting Cycles on Chloride Diffusion Behavior of Coral Aggregate Seawater Concrete

Based on seawater immersion,drying-wetting cycles,carbonation and drying-wetting cycles for coral aggregate sea-water concrete(CASC)with different strength grades,the effect of carbonation and drying-wetting cycles on chloride diffusion be-havior of CASC is studied.The results show that the free surface chloride concentration(Cs),free chloride diffusion coefficient(Df)and time-dependent index(m)of CASC in the drying-wetting cycles is obviously higher than that in seawater immersion.The Df and m of CASC of carbonation and drying-wetting cycles is higher than that in the drying-wetting cycles.Carbonation increases the Df and m of CASC,which is against CASC to resist chloride corrosion.The corrosion possibility of CASC structures in different ex-posed areas is as follows:splash zone(carbonation and drying-wetting cycles)>tidal zone(drying-wetting cycles)>underwater zone(seawater immersion).Besides,the chloride diffusion rate of C65-CASC is 17.8%-63.4%higher than that of C65-ordinary aggre-gate concrete(OAC)in seawater immersion(underwater zone).Therefore,anti-corrosion measures should be adopted to improve the service life of CASC structure in the oceanic environment.