基于GIS的石家庄市城市土地利用扩展分析

根据石家庄市多年的图文资料、城市土地利用数据等大量信息,运用GIS技术,分析1934年至2001年的发展过程中,城市土地利用的时空演变特征与规律,并简要分析城市扩展的主要原因及所导致的环境影响。得出以下结论:石家庄市城市用地在时间上具有快慢交替的4个成长阶段和空间上的3种扩展模式。其发展具有圈层式向外扩展、扩展高速区域沿京广铁路线东西摆动的特点;人口、政策及交通条件等是影响城市用地扩展的主要原因。     

福建省城市土地集约利用研究

为明晰福建省近10年城市土地集约利用状况和时空分异特征,在构建福建省城市土地集约利用评价体系的基础上,运用熵值法对福建省9个设区市市辖区2008~2017年城市土地集约利用状况进行综合评价分析,并引入变异系数揭示其时空变化特征。结果表明:福建省城市土地集约利用水平整体不高,10年间全省整体城市土地集约利用程度变化不明显;福建省城市土地集约类型存在着明显的等级差异,空间差异随着时间的推移略呈扩大的趋势;在空间分布上,东南部沿海地区城市土地集约利用程度明显高于西北部非沿海地区。     

长江三角洲地区城市空间扩展研究

城市化是建设用地扩展的主要驱动因素,分析建设用地时空演化格局已成为学者研究城市化过程的重要视角。采用空间自相关等方法,测度了1985年以来长江三角洲地区城市空间扩展的集聚特征并分析其演变过程;并结合格网建设用地密度频率的变化特点,将空间划分为不同的景观梯度地带,以此研究城市空间在不同地带中的扩展特点。研究结果表明,长三角城市空间扩展聚集程度先降后升,城市化区域融合趋势明显,并在城市空间扩展中表现出以上海、南京和苏州等为代表的3种模式,反应了长三角内部不同的经济发展特点。此外,在不同景观梯度下,长三角城市空间扩展表现出典型的阶段性特征。2000年以前在各个景观梯度下城市空间扩展差异较小,表现为较强的拓展性扩展;2000年以后,在城市核心区扩展强度加强,表现为填充式扩展加快。同时,城乡过渡区面积增加迅速,表明随着城市空间扩展的加速,长江三角洲地区城市土地不集约利用现象已较为突出。     

徐州城市用地扩展特征及影响因素分析(1949-2007年)

以不同时期徐州市土地扩展图、现状图和遥感图像为数据源,提取了7个时段徐州城市用地变化的相关数据信息,利用扩展强度指数、人口弹性指数、经济弹性指数、紧凑度变化指数、分形维数、重心转移等指标,系统地研究了徐州城市土地时空扩展特征,并探讨了影响城市扩展的因素.结果表明:1949-2007年,徐州城市土地扩展速度、扩展强度指数、经济弹性指数逐年升高,呈现出明显的由非理性向理性发展趋势;城市土地空间扩展经历了建国初期的非连续性的星状扩展-文革时期城市的内部填充、圈层式推进-改革开放初期的城市蔓延-本世纪的"组团状 卫星城"等主要的过程,在一定程度上反映了徐州城市土地扩展由无序走向有序,由粗放走向集约.城市土地扩展是自然环境、经济、人口、城市规划、交通、国家政策等多种因素综合作用的结果.在不同的扩展阶段,不同的因素组合占主导地位.     

徐州城市用地扩展特征及影响因素分析(1949-2007年)

以不同时期徐州市土地扩展图、现状图和遥感图像为数据源,提取了7个时段徐州城市用地变化的相关数据信息,利用扩展强度指数、人口弹性指数、经济弹性指数、紧凑度变化指数、分形维数、重心转移等指标,系统地研究了徐州城市土地时空扩展特征,并探讨了影响城市扩展的因素．结果表明：1949—2007年,徐州城市土地扩展速度、扩展强度指数、经济弹性指数逐年升高,呈现出明显的由非理性向理性发展趋势;城市土地空间扩展经历了建国初期的非连续性的星状扩展一文革时期城市的内部填充、圈层式推进一改革开放初期的城市蔓延一本世纪的“组团状＋卫星城”等主要的过程,在一定程度上反映了徐州城市土地扩展由无序走向有序,由粗放走向集约．城市土地扩展是自然环境、经济、人口、城市规划、交通、国家政策等多种因素综合作用的结果．在不同的扩展阶段,不同的因素组合占主导地位．     

石家庄城市土地利用增长研究

在城市用地增长管理中,单一考虑土地利用面积数量的变化,忽略用地强度的增长,在一定程度上影响了 对城市土地利用变化过程的客观认识和准确把握。本文以高分辨率遥感影像作为基础数据源获取城市土地利用类 型和强度信息,通过构建城市土地利用变化指数,从地类变更和集约度变化两个方面,对1994~2002 年石家庄市城 市建成区土地利用变化进行综合分析。研究结果发现,从面积扩展和强度增加两个方面综合分析城市土地利用可 以补偿单一指标认识城市土地利用增长的不足,集约度增长指数较好地综合了两个方面土地利用变化;研究期间 耕地仍是城市用地增长的重要来源,城市土地集约利用也成为满足城市发展用地需求的重要途径;城市用地扩展 并辅以集约程度的提高,城市土地利用空间组织整体上呈集约化圈层式向外扩散,城市土地利用趋向合理;城市土 地利用变化存在较强的空间差异性,中心区更多向空间立体维度发展,其他区则以内部填充、外延扩展和城市更新 等方式实现城市用地增长;在类型上,土地利用变化表现出空间区位差异性,中心区继续强化城市中心职能,以商 业金融业用地等“强”城市属性地类变化为主。     

铁路枢纽城市空间扩展特征及机制研究——以怀化市为例

以我国铁路枢纽城市怀化为例,利用城市规划土地利用现状图、1﹕10000地形图、遥感影像图、社会经济统计数据以及其他相关资料,借助ArcGIS9.2软件平台和统计分析软件(SPSS11.5),采用地统计分析、空间形态分析、等扇分析及分形理论方法等研究方法,从城市扩展强度、扩展形态和扩展分异3个方面分析其扩展特征,最后在分析影响怀化城市空间扩展驱动力的基础上总结了其扩张机制。     

资源枯竭型城市空间扩展进程研究——以淮北市为例

城市空间扩展是衡量新型城镇化背景下城市化进程的重要指标之一,对于研究资源枯竭型城市的可持续发展也有重要的意义。以遥感影像为基础,结合ArcGIS和Matlab软件实现建成区范围的自动提取;选取城市化强度、重心和紧凑度等指标,分析资源枯竭型城市空间扩展的时空特征;结合研究区实际情况和部分统计数据探讨了城市空间扩展驱动机制。结果表明：1992-2016年,淮北市建成区面积由13.64 km²增加到130.19 km²,净增8.54倍。城市化强度水平处于中等程度,城市扩展强度处于较高的水平,城市土地利用集约程度不高;重心总体呈现出东偏的姿态,建成区用地紧凑度逐渐下降。经济及人口、政府决策、交通水平和采煤塌陷区分别是研究区城市空间扩展的驱动机制、引导机制、内生机制和限制机制。     

转型期长春市服务空间与城市功能空间关系特征研究

基于1995 年、2003 年、2008 年长春市土地利用现状图以及2011 年遥感图像和相关年份统计年鉴,结合GIS技术和SPSS 统计工具,综合利用空间重心法、圈层分析法以及轴带扩展度等方法,对转型期长春市服务空间与城市功能空间关系特征进行探讨,结果表明:① 服务地块开发重心空间波动性差异性明显,扩展方式以快速向外推进为主,以内部填充为辅;② 服务地快呈现整体分散、局部集聚态势,且扩展强度增加,服务地块郊区化显现;③ 长春市服务空间扩展与工业空间扩展具有非协调性;服务空间与居住空间整体属于混融状态,但剥离趋势凸现;服务空间"单中心"结构相对于交通空间分散化发展,已表现出滞后趋势。在研究结果的基础上,进一步分析了长春市服务空间与城市功能空间时空特征形成的作用机理。     

重庆市直辖以来的城市空间扩展与机制

本文采用以城市土地利用年均扩展指数来表征城市空间扩展强度及其空间差异、以关联度系数来刻画要素因子对城市空间扩展影响机制的研究思路,初步构建了一种以城市土地利用面积、自然、人文、社会、经济、生态以及其他因素相结合的指标系统,以此定量揭示城市空间扩展动态演变及其影响机制的评价方法。通过对重庆市1997年直辖以来近10年的城市空间扩展实证研究表明,重庆城市由直辖初期的"极核式"空间布局逐步发展成为由"分散集团式"和"集中型同心圆式"组合成的复合式空间格局。而经济水平的持续发展是重庆市城市空间扩展的主要原因,政府引导下的大型项目建设及市场导向的乡村工业化建设过程,是改革开放以来重庆城市空间扩展的主要影响要素和扩展机制之一。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,