沉井施工遇特殊情况的处理方法

市政工程中在流砂、淤泥地层建造构筑物常采用沉井施工。地下工程的不可预见性及地面环境的复杂性,沉井施工中仍会遇到新的特殊情况,需采用新的方法进行处理,本文介绍一种沉井施工遇特殊情况的处理方法实例。     

浅谈沉井施工技术及其应用

结合南昌市朝新路污水泵站沉井工程的施工.介绍沉井施工一般技术、可能遇到的问题和解决方法.     

宁波将军机械有限公司大型水槽沉井工程施工实践

宁波将军机械有限公司大型水槽原采用围护桩的施工方案,因其两侧厂房桩基基础已先行施工,无法开挖,改用沉井方法施工。重点介绍了沉井施工难点及处理措施。     

嘉兴市污水处理工程排海顶管工程高位沉井施工

本文介绍了嘉兴市污水处理顶管工程中高位沉井（沉井深38．9m）的施工方法，重点讨论了沉井分段下沉施工和沉井水下混凝土封底施工及偏差处理措施，水力吸泥设备、触变泥浆助沉等主要技术措施。     

水中超深大沉井施工期间侧压力现场监测研究

以目前世界规模最大沉井基础——沪通大桥29#沉井的施工为背景,对沉井整个施工过程开展现场监测试验,分析监测数据,得出朗肯静止土压力理论和规范算法与实测数据相比存在较大误差。采用折线分布推算也因侧压力影响因素较多,分布规律复杂,所得结果较差。再分别对沉井下沉和接高施工期间侧压力的大小和分布特性的影响因素进行研究,得出了侧压力在沉井下沉阶段和接高阶段的主要影响因素为沉井倾斜、沉井埋深、外井壁台阶设置和压力松弛影响范围。通过对比分析,对各种因素的产生原因和影响机制进行了说明。在消除沉井倾斜对水中超深大沉井侧压力影响后,确定了侧压力在沉井侧壁上沿深度的分布形式,并建立侧摩阻力计算模型。     

水中超深大沉井施工期间侧压力现场监测研究

以目前世界规模最大沉井基础—沪通大桥29#沉井的施工为背景,对沉井整个施工过程开展现场监测试验,分析监测数据,得出朗肯静止土压力理论和规范算法与实测数据相比存在较大误差。采用折线分布推算也因侧压力影响因素较多,分布规律复杂,所得结果较差。再分别对沉井下沉和接高施工期间侧压力的大小和分布特性的影响因素进行研究,得出了侧压力在沉井下沉阶段和接高阶段的主要影响因素为沉井倾斜、沉井埋深、外井壁台阶设置和压力松弛影响范围。通过对比分析,对各种因素的产生原因和影响机理进行了说明。在消除沉井倾斜对水中超深大沉井侧压力影响后,确定了侧压力在沉井侧壁上沿深度的分布形式,并建立侧摩阻力计算模型。     

管道二公司攻克顶管穿越难题

近日上午,随着钻头隆隆声响起,泥水平衡机头缓缓钻人土层,管道二公司施工人员攻克公路顶管穿越难题,使江如管道工程1标段公路顶管穿越施工如期进行。该处顶管位于江苏省江都市郭村镇。此次顶管施工采用沉井为作业井,由于沉井较深,给顶管及连头施工作业带来了较大困难。沉井下沉至1．5米时,土质由松土变成坚土,给沉井下沉造成了极大困难。施工人员只能采取水泵抽泥浆的方式进行沉井。时值当地梅雨天气,进一步增大了作业难度。     

水中超深大沉井施工期间侧压力现场监测研究

以目前世界规模最大沉井基础—沪通大桥29#沉井的施工为背景,对沉井整个施工过程开展现场监测试验,分析监测数据,得出朗肯静止土压力理论和规范算法与实测数据相比存在较大误差。采用折线分布推算也因侧压力影响因素较多,分布规律复杂,所得结果较差。再分别对沉井下沉和接高施工期间侧压力的大小和分布特性的影响因素进行研究,得出了侧压力在沉井下沉阶段和接高阶段的主要影响因素为沉井倾斜、沉井埋深、外井壁台阶设置和压力松弛影响范围。通过对比分析,对各种因素的产生原因和影响机理进行了说明。在消除沉井倾斜对水中超深大沉井侧压力影响后,确定了侧压力在沉井侧壁上沿深度的分布形式,并建立侧摩阻力计算模型。     

沉井工艺技术在桥基工程中的应用

论述了沉井施工的工艺和技术要求,并结合具体工程进行了论证,提出了沉井施工中易出现的一系列问题及处理的具体办法,取得了良好的效果.     

广东省某水厂取水泵房沉井施工技术

结合广东省某水厂沉井工程，介绍在软土地基中施工沉井时为防止突沉和超沉而采取的措施，并对沉井制作、下沉及封底有关问题进行了分析探讨。     

Migration of induced-infiltration stream water into nearby aquifer due to a transverse horizontal well in loess areas

Analysis of the migration paths of stream water introduced into a transverse horizontal well is important to better understand the interactions between streams and aquifers. This paper presents a method of using particle-tracking techniques to evaluate the transport of stream water that infiltrates through a transverse horizontal well that runs transverse to a stream and extends from the stream banks. By conceptualizing the horizontal well as a discrete pipe network, MODFLOW is coupled with the pipe flow equations that govern the movement of water in the horizontal well, and this coupled seepage-pipe flow model is used to calculate the transient groundwater flow field. MODPATH is then used to record the locations of each of the water particles from the interface between the stream and the aquifer. The path lines, travel times, influence zones and the production of infiltrated stream water are determined to depict the migration process. The results suggest that the infiltrated stream water that originates from different stream transects located upstream and downstream from the horizontal well has different migration characteristics, as does the infiltrated stream water coming from different locations on the same stream transect. Eventually, the pumpage of the horizontal well consists partly of the infiltrated stream water and groundwater inflow from the upstream model boundary. The groundwater enters the horizontal well through the two end segments of the horizontal well, and the infiltrated stream water enters the middle segment of the well. The pumped water is still a mixture of infiltrated stream water and groundwater, even if the pumping lasts for a long period. The hydrochemistry of the infiltrated stream water cannot be simply used to evaluate the hydrochemistry of the water pumped from a transverse horizontal well.     

无限承压含水层中主孔涌水多孔观测定降深井流试验水文地质参数计算

利用自溢井(孔) 做放水试验确定含水层水文地质参数, 是简便而经济的确定含水层水文地质参数的试验方法.涌水试验基本上属于定降深井流试验.在无限承压含水层中进行涌水试验, 使涌水孔(井) 降深s_w保持不变, 涌水量随时间的延续而减少, 除涌水孔(井) 本身以外, 含水层中任意点的水头H随时间的延续而降低.在单孔(井) 定降深井流试验利用涌水孔1/Q-lg t直线图解法计算水文地质参数的基础上, 建立一孔(主孔) 涌水多孔观测水位降低的直线图解法, 即s/Q-lg t直线图解法.      

抽水井周围饱水介质场三维水位动态观测及地下水流运动特征

利用设计建造的抽水试验装置,采取多项潜水及承压水的抽水试验,获得大量的抽水井周围饱水介质场三维动态观测数据。试验发现：无论是潜水还是承压水状态,抽水井附近观测井的水位变化,均具有距抽水井愈远愈高、愈近愈低的漏斗状分布,抽水井附件的地下水位降落漏斗是显著的;同时发现每个观测井不同高度上的观测点的水位,均呈现上高下低的特征,说明地下水具有由上到下的运动分量,地下水由周边的供水边界向抽水井聚集运移时,运动方向是下斜向的,潜水如此,承压水也如此。分析认为,这是水头压力与水体自身重力同时起作用的结果。由此推断,在抽水时,靠近承压水含水层顶板存在强势水流,且越靠近补给源,这种强势水流越强。     

青海贵德地区DR1地热井井旁涌水原因分析 及处理工艺应用研究

地热资源属于清洁能源,主要通过地热井方式进行开发利用,成井工艺质量决定地热资源开发利用。贵德盆地DR1地热井由于成井时间较长,出现井旁涌水事故。本文详细分析了井旁涌水原因,采用合理方式成功处理涌水事故。为类似地热工程提供借鉴。     

Sources of water, travel times and protection areas for wells in semi-confined aquifers

This paper presents new findings in interpreting analytical solutions of steady radial flow to a well in a semi-confined aquifer (overlain by a phreatic aquifer and aquitard), and demonstrates that 95% of pumped water is derived from leakage water within a radius of 4 times the leakage factor. The travel times of the leakage water from the radii of influence to the well are usually much longer than those derived from the travel time criteria currently used to delineate the well protection areas. The delineation of well protection zones based on the travel time criteria will not properly protect the source of water to the well. Therefore, the percentage of leakage water to the well is used as a new criterion to define the well protection areas. Within each well protection area, the mean residence time is used as an indicator of the renewable period of the aquifer system. Leakage-rate weighted residence times are used to calculate the mean residence time. For the safety and sustainability of drinking water supplies, groundwater in the phreatic aquifer within the radius of influence should be protected.     

山东潍坊万达广场深基坑降水及有承压水头降水井的封井方法

在深基坑开挖中,如地下承压水埋藏较浅,采用管井降水降低地下水位后,对管井采取不同的措施进行封井,确保地下水位控制在施工要求的范围之内。重点介绍了山东潍坊万达广场深基坑降水施工方法及具有承压水头的减压井封井方案和封井施工方法。     

Applications of particle-tracking techniques to bank infiltration: a case study from El Paso,Texas, USA

This paper presents results of a small scale study that utilized particle-tracking techniques to evaluate transport of river water through an alluvial aquifer in a bank infiltration testing site in El Paso, Texas, USA. The particle-tracking survey was used to better define filtration parameters. Several simulations were generated to allow visualization of the effects of well placement and pumping rate on flow paths, travel time, the size of the pumping influence zone, and proportion of river-derived water and groundwater mixing in the pumping well. Simulations indicate that migration of river water into the aquifer is generally slow. Most water does not arrive at the well by the end of an 18-day pumping period at 0.54 m³/min pumping rate for a well located 18 m from the river. Forty-four percent of the water pumped from the well was river water. The models provided important information needed to design appropriate sampling schedules for bank filtration practices and ensured meeting adequate soil-retention times. The pumping rate has more effect on river water travel time than the location of the pumping well from the river. The examples presented in this paper indicate that operating the pumping well at a doubled distance from the river increased the time required for the water to travel to the well, but did not greatly change the capture zone.     

吴堡县横沟水源地HS3渗流井的设计与施工

渗流井取水是利用河床松散砂砾石含水层为天然滤床开发地表水、地下取水的一种给水技术。结合吴堡县东部河谷区横沟段三号渗流井（HS3渗流井）施工实例,对渗流井的取水原理、设计思路、施工方法及技术要点进行了总结。     

永安井水位大幅度异常成因的调查分析

2001年7月18日起,永安井水位出现了持续的大幅度上升的变化过程。经调查落实,这是由于该井附近的另一口并多年来的开采后,于2001年7月18日突然停止抽水,而使地下水的补给量增大,造成地下水大幅度上升。这对研究临近并抽水对地震地下水动态观测井的水位动态影响提供了实例,对区分深井地下水前兆异常与抽水干扰有一定的参考价值。     

Analysis of travel time,sources of water and well protection zones with groundwater models

This study compares numerical models with analytical solutions in computing travel times and radius of protection zones for a pumping well located in an unconfined aquifer with uniform recharge and in a semi-confined aquifer. Numerical models were capable of delineating protection zones using particle tracking method in both cases. However, protection zones defined by travel time criterion can only protect small percent of source water to the well; large percent of source water is not protected which may pose a risk of pollution of source water to the well. The case study of Leggeloo well field in the Netherlands indicates that although a well field protection area was enforced in 1980s, elevated nitrate concentration has been monitored in the abstracted water since 1990s. The analysis of protection areas shows that the current protection area only protects 37.4% of recharge water to the well field. A large protection area must be adopted in order to safeguard the sustainable water supply for the local community