北大巴山志留系滔河口组碱质斑状玄武岩的岩浆源区及形成环境——来自全岩和辉石斑晶地球化学的约束

北大巴山志留系滔河口组火山-沉积地层发育有粗粒玄武岩、细粒玄武岩、杏仁构造玄武岩和枕状玄武岩四种斑状玄武岩相。它们都属于碱性玄武岩,并具有相似的地球化学特征,富Ti、贫Si,富集大离子亲石元素(LILE,如Th、Rb、Ba)和LREE,轻重稀土分异明显。稀土和微量元素标准化配分型式具有与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)类似的特征。斑晶主要属于单斜辉石族中的次透辉石-透辉石,具有与全岩相似的微量和稀土元素配分形态,表明四种玄武岩相由同一岩浆源区形成。由单斜辉石-熔体平衡温压计计算获得的初始岩浆深度大于67.65km,表明岩浆源区来自地幔。岩浆在上升过程中在39.93～67.65km、14.52～20.46km、4.62～9.24km三个深度范围发生了储积结晶,最后喷出到地表分别形成粗粒玄武岩、细粒和枕状玄武岩、杏仁构造玄武岩。粗粒玄武岩中富含金云母表明岩浆源区遭受了富不相容元素流体的交代作用。玄武岩全岩、单斜辉石地球化学特征以及火山-沉积序列共同表明,滔河口组碱性玄武岩形成于大洋板内环境。     

南秦岭西乡-石泉地区三花石群白勉峡组中泥盆世孢子化石的发现及其地层意义

陕西汉南三花石群和西乡群的时代仍存很大争议。在陕西西乡地区三花石群白勉峡组灰色、灰黑色砂板岩中发现较丰富并具有时代特征的陆生植物孢子（spores）22属40余种。其化石组合大致可与中国华南、西南和西秦岭中泥盆世孢子带比较。亦可以与欧洲、北美老红砂岩大陆及其邻区中泥盆世早期孢子带比较,时代为中泥盆世,并可能为中泥盆世早期,大致相当于西欧中泥盆世早期艾菲尔期。     

南秦岭西乡—石泉地区三花石群白勉峡组中泥盆世孢子化石的发现及其地层意义

陕西汉南三花石群和西乡群的时代仍存很大争议。在陕西西乡地区三花石群白勉峡组灰色、灰黑色砂板岩中发现较丰富并具有时代特征的陆生植物孢子（spores）22属,40余种。其化石组合大致可与中国华南、西南和西秦岭中泥盆世孢子带比较,亦可以与欧洲、北美老红砂岩大陆及其邻区中泥盆世早期孢子带比较,时代为中泥盆世,并可能为中泥盆世早期,大致相当于西欧中泥盆世早期艾菲尔期。     

南秦岭竹山地区早古生代碱性岩浆活动及其相关铌稀土成矿的若干认识

南秦岭竹山地区发育强烈的志留纪碱性岩浆活动,主要岩性包括正长岩、火成碳酸岩、粗面岩和碱性玄武岩,侵位时间集中于450~430 Ma。该期碱性岩浆活动主要形成于幔源碱性玄武质岩浆结晶分异演化,岩浆源区以HIMU组分为主,具有HIMU和EMⅠ、EMⅡ多种富集地幔端员混合特征。碱性杂岩体普遍发育铌、稀土矿化,形成了庙垭、杀熊洞、天宝等大型或超大型矿床。区域性深大断裂及其次级断裂控制了碱性杂岩体或碱性火山杂岩的空间展布,富碱和较高的结晶分异程度是成矿有利条件。幔源与洋壳俯冲消减、陆源沉积物再循环以及地幔流体交代作用关系密切。该期碱性岩浆-成矿事件形成于板块边缘岩石圈强烈伸展和幔源岩浆底侵上涌背景。     

Zircon LA-ICP MS U-Pb Age, Sr-Nd-Pb Isotopic Compositions and Geochemistry of the Triassic Post-collisional Wulong Adakitic Granodiorite in the South Qinling, Central China, and Its Petrogenesis

The Indosinian post-collisional Wulong pluton intruded into the Mesoproterozoic Fuping Group, South Qinling, central China. In the southern part of the pluton, some mafic enclaves have sharp or gradational contact relationships with the host biotite granodiorite. Geochemistry, zircon LA-ICP MS （laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry） U-Pb chronology and Sr- Nd-Pb isotope geochemistry of the pluton are reported in this paper. The biotite granodiorite shows close compositional similarities to high-silica adakite. Its chondrite-normalized REE patterns are characterized by strong HREE depletion （Yb = 0.33--0.96 10-6 and Y = 4.77-11.19 ×10^-6）, enrichment of Ba （775-1386 x 10-6） and Sr （643-1115 × 10^-6） and high Sr/Y （57.83-159.99） and Y/Yb （10.99-14.32） ratios, as well as insignificant Eu anomalies （6Eu = 0.70-0.83）, suggesting a feldspar-poor, garnet±amphibole-rich residual mineral assemblage. The mafic enclaves have higher MgO （4.15- 8.13%）, Cr （14.79-371.31 × 10-6）, Ni （20.00-224.24× 10^-6） and Nb/Ta （15.42-21.91） than the host granodiorite, implying that they are mantle-derived and might represent underplated mafic magma. Zircon LA-ICP MS dating of the granodiorite yields a ^206pb/^238U weighted mean age of 208±2 Ma （MSWD=0.50, 1σ）, which is the age of emplacement of the host biotite granodiorite. This age indicates that the Wulong pluton formed during the late-orogenic or post-collisional stage （〈242±21 Ma） of the South Qinling belt. The host biotite granodiorite displays ^87Sr/^86Sr = 0.7059-0.7062, Isr = 0.7044-- 0.7050,^143Nd/^144Nd = 0.51236-0.51238, εNd（t）= -2.26 to -2.66 to ^206Pb/^204pb = 18.099-18.209, ^207pb/^204pb = 15.873-15.979 and ^208pb/^204pb = 38.973-39.430. Those ratios are similar to those of the Mesoproterozoic Yaolinghe Group in the South Qinling. Furthermore, its Nd isotopic model age （-1.02 Ga） is consistent with the age （-1.1 Ga） of the Yaolinghe Group. Based on the integrated geological and ge     

北大巴山志留系滔河口组火山碎屑岩相序、组构特征及古火山作用环境分析

志留系滔河口组是一套发育于北大巴山地区的火山岩-火山碎屑岩-沉积岩组合。在1:10000地质填图和大比例地质剖面实测基础上,通过详细的火山碎屑岩相序和组构分析,本文在滔河口组火山-地层中共识别和划分出22个岩相,5个相组合类型。区域岩相测量与对比揭示,滔河口组火山-沉积宏观序列自下而上由玄武岩相(一般下部为块状粗粒/细粒玄武岩相、上部为枕状玄武岩相)、凝灰角砾岩相、再沉积富辉石火山碎屑砾岩相、无结构或叠瓦状凝灰质粗砾岩相、凝灰质砂岩相、生物灰岩相或泥岩相构成。岩相组合横向变化显示滔河口组古火山活动西强东弱,火山活动类型为斯托柏林型(Strombolian-type eruption)喷发。相对地,研究区西部火山-沉积序列发育较为完整。滔河口组的地层序列与岩石组合与板内火山活动产物相似,本文认为北大巴山地区志留系滔河口组火山岩-火山碎屑岩-沉积岩组合形成于洋岛或海山构造环境,是板内拉伸作用的产物。     

南秦岭旬阳盆地下古生界热水沉积成矿地球化学

新近在南秦岭旬阳盆地志留系中发现重要铅锌矿化,含矿岩系主要是下、中志留统弱变质含炭细碎屑岩和新发现识别出的热水沉积炭硅质岩、钠长石岩等;矿体呈层状与志留系整合产出,含矿层中有热水沉积硅质岩和铁碳酸盐岩。矿床REE地球化学反映铅锌矿石、硅质岩和钠长石岩的形成物质可能来自盆下源深处,成岩成矿作用具有热水沉积性质;岩矿石稳定同位素组成指示成矿流体为深部来源,成矿流体中富含CO2(18.656～35.063mol%),成矿温度135～297℃;矿石S和Pb同位素组成反映S来源于深部,Pb来自盆地基底和沉积地层。受地幔热点控制的扬子北缘古生代伸展海盆中,热水沉积是旬阳盆地志留系铅锌成矿的基本方式。     

南秦岭勉县-略阳缝合带印支期光头山埃达克质花岗岩的成因及其地质意义

勉略缝合带北侧的印支期光头山黑云母斜长花岗岩的地球化学研究表明,该套岩石的SiO2≥56%,Al2O3>15%,Na2O>K2O,富集LILE和LREE,负Eu异常不明显,强烈富集Sr(Sr=704.61～1052.81μg/g,平均为828.45μg/g)和亏损Y(Y=7.17～9.68μg/g,平均为7.66μg/g),高Sr/Y比值(80.74～281.41),表现出明显的埃达克岩的地球化学性质。结合岩体产出的时空位置,认为光头山岩体形成于典型的后碰撞构造环境,可能是三叠纪华北和扬子两大板块的碰撞作用导致俯冲板片断离、软流圈物质上涌底侵、下地壳增厚并熔融,产生了具有埃达克性质的熔体和含石榴子石的残余相。     

Late Jurassic Volcanism Deduced from Geochemical,Geochronological, and Sr-Nd-Hf Isotopic Composition Characteristics of the Nanyuan Formation,South China

The Nanyuan Formation contains information related to the Mesozoic tectonic transformation. In this study, three representative profiles were surveyed from the Nanyuan Formation, and multiple analyses were conducted. Zircon U-Pb dating yielded their ages as approximately 158–146 Ma. The volcanic rocks are enriched in Rb, Th, U, K, and Pb and depleted in Nb, Ta, P, and Ti, implying their affinity for I-type granites. The ε_Nd(t) values(-8.3 to-6.0),(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_...     

西秦岭北带泥盆系舒家坝组深海陆源碎屑沉积序列的研究

西秦岭北带泥盆系舒家坝组属中晚泥盆世,地层总厚超过２０００ｍ。除最上部碳酸盐岩段外,主要是细、粉砂岩与页（泥）岩不等厚五层组成的沉积序列。本文从以下三个方面论证该序列形成于半深海－深海环境:１）时空上主要是由分布稳定的细粒浊积岩组成;２）等深积岩与浊积岩相伴而生;３）在浊积岩系和深海泥页岩中发现了高分异度、高丰度的遗迹化石共４１个属,其中占遗迹总属的８０%为深水型分子。此外,从岩相、垂直序列和古水流三方面的特征论证了舒家坝组属非扇沉积模式。     

西秦岭下三叠统华日组火山岩地球化学特征及构造环境分析

西秦岭合作一带华日组岩性以中酸性火山岩为主,岩性为英安岩、安山岩、火山角砾岩和凝灰岩.通过对其岩石地球化学研究,表明华日组火山岩属钙碱性系列,具高K、高AI和低碱、低Ti的特点;微量元素地球化学组成与典型火山岛弧环境的地球化学组成一致;稀土总量为61.91×10-6~185.58×10-6,平均含量为128.04×10-6,显示出轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损的特点,具有弱的Eu负异常(平均为0.98);结合西秦岭造山带的构造演化特征,认为下三叠统华日组火山岩形成于岛弧环境.     

北秦岭庙湾组黑色岩系稀土元素地球化学特征及成因意义

笔者采用等离子质谱仪(ICP-MS)方法对北秦岭大荆区奥陶纪-志留纪庙湾组黑色岩系岩石的稀土元素及V、Ni、Cr、U、Th等微量元素含量进行了测定.结果显示岩石轻稀土元素相对重稀土元素富集,Eu异常值δEu为0.63~10.61(绝多数大于1.54)多呈正异常,Ce异常值δCe为0.65~1.02(平均为0.893)异常微弱且有正负差异;U/Th值为0.38~4.07,w(V)/w(V+Ni)值为0.38~0.93以及w(Ce)/w(La)值为1.27~2.17.将这.些特征值与前人研究成果对比,并利用La/Yb-Ce/La和La/Yb-REE判别图解判别后,认为北秦岭区庙湾组黑色岩系形成于活动陆缘一种干燥缺氧较深浅海环境,黑色岩系形成过程中有热液作用参与.     

Selenium source in the selenosis area of the Daba region,South Qinling Mountain,China

Naore Village in the Shuang'an countryside, Ziyang County, Shaanxi Province is located in the Daba region of South Qinling Mountain. It is one of two selenosis or selenium poisoning areas in China. Crops grown in the area are enriched in selenium. The soil is derived from high-selenium, pyritic, black carbonaceous slate and volcanic tuff of the Lujiaping Formation, Early Cambrian and Late Neoproterozoic in age, which is exposed in this area. The Lujiaping Formation is more than 40-m thick. Selenium content of the volcanic tuff averages 32 mg/kg Se and the black carbonaceous slate averages 22 mg/kg Se, which represent the highest concentrations recorded among all the strata and rocks sampled in the Daba region of South Qinling Mountain. This series of selenium-enriched rocks is also found in other places in the Daba region, South Qinling Mountain, where the soil contains about 10 to 30 mg/kg Se. These zones are latent selenosis zones in the Daba region. In addition, a selenium-enriched black carbonaceous shale, of Early Cambrian age, and containing 10 to 40 mg/kg Se, occurs in several other provinces in the south of China.     

Petrological and Geochemical Constraints on the Origin of Strongly Peraluminous Granitoids from the Triassic Guangtoushan Pluton in South Qinling

As an important part of the early Mesozoic granites in the South Qinling tectonic belt (SQTB), the Guangtoushan pluton provides a material basis for research on the composition of magma sources and the effects of peritectic assemblage entrainment (PAE) on the changes in the granite composition. As shown by the results of LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating, the Guangtoushan pluton was emplaced during the Late Triassic (214–212 Ma) and was formed in the post-collision stage between the SQTB and the Yangtze plate. The collected samples had high SiO2 content and low Cr and Ni contents, indicating that the magmas did not undergo significant crust-mantle mixing during their evolution. The Guangtoushan granitoids were distributed along the trend line of magmatic fractional crystallization in the F–An–Or diagram. This result, combined with the relatively homogeneous Sr-Nd isotopic composition, implies that the Guangtoushan pluton underwent slight assimilation and contamination. As can be inferred from the comparison between the compositions of the Guangtoushan granitoids and various fluid-absent experimental melts, the magma sources of the Guangtoushan granitoids contain a variety of materials, such as graywackes, pyroclastic graywackes, and pelites and are not derived from lower crustal mafic rocks. The correlation between the maficity and the major and trace elements further indicates that the strongly peraluminous granitoids from the Guangtoushan pluton was formed by the partial melting of biotite-bearing crustal rocks and its magmatic evolution was accompanied by the entrainment of clinopyroxenes and accessory minerals.     

Late Ordovician high-Mg adakitic andesite in the western South China block: evidence of oceanic subduction

The Early Palaeozoic was an important period in the geologic evolution of the South China block (SCB), marking the intracontinental orogen in the Wuyi-Yunkai region. One salient feature of the western SCB is the absence of Early Palaeozoic oceanic subduction-related magmatism. Here, we report the first known occurrence of Late Ordovician andesites from the Shimian area, western SCB. Zircon SHRIMP U–Pb dating reveals that the andesites formed at ca. 451 Ma. They have geochemical features of high-Mg adakitic andesite (HMAA) and are characterized by low K₂O (1.09–2.24 wt.%) and Th (2.50–5.65 ppm) and high MgO (4.02–6.91 wt.%) and Mg# (56–71). Furthermore, their zircon grains display positive ε_Hf(t) (+11.4 to +19.6) and low δ¹⁸O (4.72–6.20‰) values. The andesites are interpreted to have been derived from partial melting of a peridotitic mantle wedge in an oceanic subduction setting and subsequent fractional crystallization. Integrating previous studies of the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt with the data presented in this contribution, we suggest that the SCB was probably involved in the Early Palaeozoic Andean-type orogeny along the Gondwanan proto-Tethyan margin.     

南秦岭白龙江群中花岗岩脉群年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义

秦岭造山带南缘勉略缝合带北侧发育近东西向展布的印支期花岗岩带,出露于南秦岭志留系白龙江群中花岗岩脉群,属于该花岗岩带的一部分,其宽度多为1~8m不等,呈北西西-南东东向延伸,主要岩性为花岗闪长斑岩-石英闪长斑岩组合。笔者对南秦岭志留系白龙江群中密集出露的花岗岩脉体进行了详细的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学及岩石地球化学研究,结果表明,白龙江群中花岗闪长斑岩脉结晶年龄为（210.44±0.47）Ma,属晚三叠世。地球化学特征显示这些脉体相对高K2O、Sr含量及Zr/Y值,富集LREE和LILE,亏损HFSE,里特曼指数（σ）为1.41~2.73,具高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩特征。此外,它们明显亏损Nb、Ta及Ti,低Y、Yb,具有较高的（La/Yb）N值,表明它们可能为地壳增厚背景下,下地壳拆沉作用导致减薄地壳中以基性岩为主的源岩部分熔融的产物,可能存在幔源岩浆的贡献。综合区域地质资料研究认为,出露于南秦岭白龙江群中的花岗岩脉群形成于后碰撞构造环境,是华北板块与扬子板块碰撞造山之后挤压体制向伸展体制转换阶段的产物。     

南秦岭关子沟铅锌矿床成因：流体包裹体和H-O-S-Pb同位素证据

陕西旬阳盆地南缘是南秦岭中部重要的铅锌成矿带,带内发育一大批赋存在志留系中的铅锌矿床。为了进一步厘清区域内铅锌成矿的物质来源和成因机制,文章选取区内典型的关子沟铅锌矿床开展流体包裹体和H-O-S-Pb同位素研究。关子沟铅锌矿体主要以层状、似层状赋存于双河镇组二段和三段千枚岩地层中,根据矿物组构和穿插关系,将成矿过程划分为3个阶段：石英-黄铁矿阶段（Ⅰ阶段）、石英-多金属硫化物阶段（Ⅱ阶段）和石英-碳酸盐（Ⅲ阶段）。其中,Ⅱ阶段原生流体包裹体均一温度为215~393℃,盐度w（NaCl_eq）为2.2‰~10.1‰; Ⅲ阶段均一温度为124~255℃,盐度w（NaCl_eq）为1.8‰~6.6‰,具有中高温、中低盐度的成矿流体特征。石英H-O同位素结果（δ¹⁸O_H2O值为6‰~10.9‰,δD值为-82.9‰~-73.6‰）显示成矿流体主要为海水和有机水,伴有大气降水的混合。原位S同位素显示硫化物δ³⁴S值变化范围为4.63‰~8.73‰,暗示主要硫化物的S源于海相硫酸盐的热化学还原,志留系黑色岩系中的有机质提供了还原剂。矿石硫化物的²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为17.8254~17.9470,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为15.6233~15.6396,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为38.1706~38.3143,指示Pb主要源于沉积盖层。综合矿床地质特征、流体包裹体及H、O、S、Pb同位素特征,认为关子沟矿床为热水沉积成因,志留系裂陷盆地内热水沉积作用控制着铅锌成矿过程。     

南秦岭镇安西部晚三叠世煌斑岩脉地球化学特征及其对构造环境的指示

煌斑岩是反映深部构造-岩浆作用和源区地球化学性质的良好地质体。对南秦岭镇安西部地区出露的煌斑岩脉进行系统研究, 用LA-ICP-MS测定了煌斑岩中锆石U-Pb同位素, 得到其206Pb/238U年龄为222.2±1.2Ma(MSWD=0.38, n=15), 此年龄代表脉体的形成年龄, 属晚三叠世。地球化学分析表明, 岩石属钙碱性钾质-超钾质系列, 轻稀土元素和Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素富集, 重稀土元素和Nb、Ti等高场强元素亏损, 具有俯冲带幔源岩石的成分特征; 岩石具有较高的(87Sr/86Sr)i值(0.7066~0.7076)和较低的εNd(t)值(-5.77~-4.62);锆石176Hf/177Hf值为0.28250~0.28287, εHf(t)值为-4.75~1.89, 锆石二阶段Hf模式年龄与全岩Nd二阶段模式年龄主要集中于中元古代(1.3~1.5Ga)。综合分析表明, 煌斑岩的源区为中元古代富集地幔, 形成于后碰撞伸展构造环境。在晚三叠世(220Ma左右)后碰撞伸展构造环境下, 勉略洋壳俯冲过程中形成的流体交代富集地幔在构造减压、深部物质上涌提供热和流体的共同作用下, 发生部分熔融, 形成具EMⅡ型同位素特征的镁铁质岩浆, 镁铁质岩浆沿后碰撞伸展阶段形成的裂隙上升侵位形成煌斑岩脉。     

南秦岭旬阳盆地东部晚泥盆世岩浆成因钠长岩及其构造意义

南秦岭旬阳盆地的钠长岩此前被认为是热水沉积或热液交代作用的产物。本文对南秦岭旬阳盆地东端黄石板地区侵入于下志留统梅子亚组浅变质岩中的钠长岩体进行了地球化学和锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS年代学研究,结果表明钠长岩具有富钠贫钾、铝不饱和、亏损大离子亲石元素K和Rb、高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Th、Hf)显著富集的地球化学特点,主体属于钙碱性系列岩石,反映幔源成因的特征。钠长岩中获得最年轻的锆石U-Pb年龄为364~376Ma,该年龄代表岩体的形成年龄,反映晚泥盆世时南秦岭旬阳盆地处于强烈的伸展构造环境。此项研究结果表明,在旬阳盆地的志留系中,岩浆成因与热水沉积成因的钠长岩可能是共存的。黄石板岩浆成因钠长岩岩体中含有大量前寒武纪和早古生代的捕获锆石,在捕获锆石中测得迄今为止在研究区及其邻区获得的最古老的锆石U-Pb年龄(3291Ma)。这些捕获锆石的测年数据说明,研究区所在的南秦岭地区可能从古太古代开始就与扬子地块具有明显的亲缘性。