无人机航空照片辅助判读系统的设计与实现

设计实现了一套功能较为完善的无人机航空照片辅助判读系统。该系统主要完成了判读结果的标号显示、矢量地图与航空照片的匹配、图文报表和打印输出等功能模块。借助于计算机标图技术,导入矢量形式的电子地图和无人机航空照片,利用丰富的地理信息来辅助实现无人机航空照片判读,并介绍了在Visual C＋＋6.0开发环境下利用组件、显示缓存技术标绘判读结果,多比例尺地图的管理、快速显示,矢量地图与航空照片匹配的具体实现。经过实际联调,系统运行良好,实用性较好。     

海洋地图服务平台建设研究与实现

随着我国海洋信息化的发展,海洋空间地理信息在海洋各个领域的应用越来越多,基于海洋空间地理信息的系统集成和专题应用日益普遍。基于ArcGIS平台制作发布矢量基础地理底图、地形基础地理底图和遥感影像基础地理底图等多种类型的海洋空间地理信息数据服务。基于SmartEarth平台制作发布海洋三维球体服务,将多比例尺海洋空间地理信息数据服务化并共享应用。应用ESB总线技术、Portal技术、多源栅格数据分布集成技术构建海洋地图服务平台,实现数据的二三维可视化展示、空间查询分析、空间处理分析、在线专题制图、地图服务生产、个性化API调用等功能,提高海洋空间地理信息资源的利用率。     

测绘学名词(第三版)摄影测量与遥感学名词选登(3)

<正>判读interpretation又称"判释","解译"。从影像中获取语义信息的基本过程。像片判读photo interpretation根据地物的光谱特性、空间特征、时间特征和成像规律,识别出与像片影像相应的地物类别、特性和某些要素或者测算某种数据指标的过程。目视判读visual interpretation判读者通过直接观察或借助判读仪以研究     

海洋地理信息跨域关联功能的设计与实现

为提升多源异构海洋地理信息集成应用能力,以航海保障多维信息联动应用需求为例,介绍了"数字海洋基础地理信息平台"中相应解决方案:采取拆分、建库和重组的方法,实现了非结构化航海书表的空间关联;利用电子航海图数据动态生成三维模型,实现了航线仿真的三维关联;设计一种星球环形菜单三维视图多点触控方案,实现了人机交互的深度关联.所...     

分形理论在空间网络分布特征研究中的应用

探讨了以图论为基础的空间网络的测度方法,以及以分形理论为基础的表达空间网络分布特征的几种分维数,并阐述了各种分维数的地理意义,最后对于分维数的测算进行了评述.     

基于OSG的南海岛礁三维地理信息系统的设计与实现

采用OSG开发技术实现南海岛礁三维地理信息系统主要功能。采用LOD技术和数据动态加载技术提高了系统海量数据的处理效率,实现了海量地理信息数据的动态显示和漫游。融合基础DEM数据、高分辨率遥感影像数据、三维模型数据,实现了基于三维可视化空间的信息查询和多媒体信息的显示及空间分析等地理信息系统功能,达到了良好的效果。     

高分辨率三维海洋反射地震P-cable系统应用进展

高分辨率三维海洋反射地震P-cable系统已经成功应用在海底天然气水合物、储层填图和海底灾害的研究中,特别是针对海底气烟囱和泥火山等小目标体的内部结构和空间分布特征的研究。在海底大洋钻探的目标区,P-cable系统能够提供准确的高分辨率的三维地震数据,有利于海底大洋钻探的井位选取和井位钻探时间评估。与常规的工业界使用的长电缆三维海洋反射地震比较,高分辨三维海洋反射地震P-cable系统具有简单、高效和经济实用性的优点,能够更加高效、快捷地为科研人员开展海洋地质和地球物理的研究工作,有助于为今后我国在深潜方面发现的海底"烟囱"开展详细地下高分辨率的三维地震结构调查,成为深潜方面的一个补充和一个强有力的海洋填图工具。依据实例分析并讨论了高分辨的三维海洋地震P-cable系统在海底气烟囱和泥火山内部结构以及空间分布特征方面的应用和科学研究。建议今后在海洋地球物理调查中开展高分辨的三维海洋反射地震调查和研究,特别针对广阔海域陆坡区天然气水合物、海底泥火山和气烟囱以及海底滑坡灾害方面开展更为精细的三维海洋反射地震调查和相关科学问题的研究工作。     

空间数据的多尺度特征与自动综合

尺度是地理现象、地理数据所共有的重要特征之一。就地理现象的多尺度描述和数据的多尺度特征进行了简要的分析,介绍了GIS中空间数据多尺度特征的表示方法,并对空间数据自动综合的理论、方法问题进行了探讨。     

南沙群岛遥感复合信息的珊瑚礁顶趋势面分析

基于南沙海域区域地质构造的控制与珊瑚岛礁发育及其所表观的遥感信息特征,借助数学模型和电子计算机,以遥感复合信息所建立的趋势面分析系统,模拟了南沙珊瑚岛礁顶部地理数据的空间分布及其区域性变化趋势,从而对南沙珊瑚岛礁的空间分布特征作出科学的解释与区域比较.     

“数字海底”--海底数据集成管理与可视化研究

针对目前"数字海底"建设中存在海底调查数据集成管理与三维可视化表达不足等问题,本文采用GIS技术,以黄河水下三角洲埕北海域为研究对象,利用地理空间数据集成理论与三维建模方法,建立了埕北海域三维海底空间数据库,实现了研究区域地形数据、地层数据、钻孔数据、表层沉积物数据的有效组织管理与可视化,并在此基础上,采用ArcGIS Engine 10.0,结合.NET平台,在Visual Studio 2010开发环境下,利用C#语言进行了二次开发,实现了基于C/S (Client/Server)架构的三维海底虚拟仿真系统的开发,设计了一套面向埕北海域的三维海底虚拟仿真原型系统。     

Pulse-length-tolerant features and detectors for sector-scan sonar imagery

This paper presents a neural-network-based system to detect small man-made objects in sequences of sector-scan sonar images created using signals of various pulse lengths. The detection of such objects is considered out to ranges of 150 m by using an experimental sector-scan sonar system mounted on a vessel. The sonar system considered in this investigation has three modes of operation to create images over ranges of 200, 400, and 800 m from the vessel using acoustic pulses of a different duration for each mode. After an initial cleaning operation performed by compensating for the motion of the vessel, the imagery is segmented to extract objects for analysis. A set of 31 features extracted from each object is examined. These features consist of basic object size and contrast features, shape moment-based features, moment invariants, and features extracted from the second-order histogram of each object. Optimal sets of 15 features are then selected for each mode and over all modes using sequential forward selection (SFS) and sequential backward selection (SBS). These features are then used to train neural networks to detect man-made objects in each sonar mode. By the addition of a feature describing the sonar's mode of operation, a neural network is trained to detect man-made objects in any of the three sonar modes. The multimode detector is shown to perform very well when compared with detectors trained specifically for each sonar mode setting. The proposed detector is also shown to perform well when compared to a number of statistical detectors based on the same set of features. The proposed detector achieves a 92.4% probability of detection at a mean false-alarm rate of 10 per image, averaged over all sonar mode settings.     

Examining fault architecture and strain distribution using geospatial and geomechanical modelling: An example from the Qaidam basin,NE Tibet

The investigation of complex geological setting is still dominated by traditional geo-data collection and analytical techniques, e.g., stratigraphic logging, dip data measurements, structural ground mapping, seismic interpretation, balance section restoration, forward modelling, etc. Despite the advantages of improving our understanding in structural geometry and fault architecture, the geospatial modelling, applying computer-aided three-dimensional geometric design, visualization and interpretation, has rarely been applied to such complex geological setting. This study used the Lenghu fold-and-thrust belt (in Qaidam basin, NE Tibetan Plateau) to demonstrate that the application of geospatial and geomechanical modelling could improve our understanding and provide an effective technique for investigating the fault architecture and strain distribution. The three-dimensional configuration of the Lenghu fold-and-thrust belt was initially derived from traditional analysis techniques, such as regional stratigraphic logging, cross section construction, meso-scale ground mapping and landsat image interpretation. The high-resolution field data and landsat image were integrated to construct the geospatial model, which was subsequently used to quantitatively investigate the fault throw changes along the Lenghu thrust fault zone and to understand its control on the lateral structural variation. The geospatial model was then restored in three dimensions to reveal the kinematic evolution of the Lenghu fold-and-thrust belt. Geomechanical modelling, using a Mass-Spring algorithm, provided an effective three-dimensional tool for structural strain analysis, which was used to predict the strain distribution throughout the overall structure, e.g., normal faults with throws ranging from meters to tens of meters in the hanging-wall. The strain distribution predicted by geomechanical modelling was then validated by the natural normal faults in the hanging-wall. The high accordance between the strain prediction and statistics of natural normal faults demonstrates good applicability of geospatial and geomechanical modelling in the complex geological setting of the Lenghu fold-and-thrust belt. The geospatial models and geomechanical models, therefore, can provide a robust technique for analyzing and interpreting multi-source data within a three-dimensional environment. We anticipate that the application of three-dimensional geospatial modelling and geomechanical modelling, integrating both multi-source geologic data and three-dimensional analytical techniques, can provide an effective workflow for investigating the fault architecture and strain distribution at different scales (e.g., ranging from regional-to meso-scale).     

Quantitative photogrammetric analysis of digital underwater videoimagery

This paper presents a photogrammetric model for digital underwater video imagery, which has been mostly applied to qualitative analysis in the marine environment. With this model, quantitative analysis of underwater images is possible, e.g., to locate positions, calculate sizes, and measure shapes of objects from image features. The underwater photogrammetric model is based on a three-dimensional optical ray tracing technique which rigorously models imaging systems with multilens configurations and multiple refractions. The calibration procedure with two independent phases has been proven to be efficient in simplifying the computation and improving the calibration accuracy. With the current imaging system configuration and photogrammetric model, an accuracy of 0.8 cm in lateral directions and 1.2 cm along the depth direction for objects located about 2-3 m from the camera system in the object space is attainable. A PC-based digital underwater photogrammetric prototype system has been developed to implement the underwater photogrammetric model     

Biomimetic sonar locates and recognizes objects

An active sonar is described that adaptively changes its location and configuration in response to the echoes it observes in order to locate an object, position it at a known location, and identify it using features extracted from the echoes. The sonar consists of a center transmitter flanked by two receivers that can rotate and is positioned at the end of a robot arm that has five degree-of-freedom mobility. The sonar operates in air using Polaroid transducers that are resonant at 60 kHz with a nominal wavelength equal to 6 mm. The emitted pulse has a short duration with a useful bandwidth extending from 20 to 130 kHz. Using binaural information, the transmitter rotates to position an echo-producing object on its axis to maximize the acoustic intensity incident on the nearest echo-producing feature. The receivers rotate to maximize the echo amplitude and bandwidth. These optimizations are useful for differentiating objects. The system recognizes a collection of ball bearings, machine washers, and rubber O-rings of different sizes ranging from 0.45 to 2.54 cm, some differing by less than 1 mm in diameter. Learning is accomplished by extracting vectors of 32 echo envelope values acquired during a scan in elevation and forming a data base. Recognition is accomplished by comparing a single observed echo vector with the data base to find the least squared error match. A bent-wire paper clip illustrates the recognition of an asymmetric pose-dependent object     

地理空间信息云平台负载调度算法设计

根据现代物联网对地理空间信息资源的大吞吐量需求,本文运用云计算技术、主从拓扑结构和多副本技术,设计了针对地理空间信息云平台的负载均衡调度算法,该算法通过统一的主服务器进行调度,并运用哈希函数使访问请求趋于均衡化。同时,我们将该算法运行在实际GIS系统中,模拟不同频度的用户访问请求,进行仿真。按照访问请求特征,将请求分为可预测高峰请求、随机高峰请求和系统响应请求三类,并分别统计请求的平均响应时间。结果显示,该算法有效可行,可在访问高峰期大幅减少用户平均响应时间。     

多波束与侧扫声纳海底目标探测的比较分析

侧扫声纳是目前常用的海底目标(如沉船、水雷、管线等)探测工具,在测深领域,多波束以全覆盖和高效率证明了它的优越性。由于多波束具有很高的分辨率,目前在工程上已经开始应用多波束进行海底目标物的探测。对多波束和侧扫声纳进行了比较分析,并着重探讨了影响多波束分辨率的各种因素。结果表明:多波束的最大优点在于定位精度高,但其适用范围不如侧扫声纳广泛,尤其受到水深和波束角的限制,多波束和侧扫声纳在探测海底目标时具有很好的互补性,同时应用可以提高目标解译的准确性。     

Research on extracting method of micro-scale remote sensing information combination and application in coastal zone

Due to the need of rapid and sustainable development in China’s coastal zones, the high-resolution information theory using data mining technology becomes an urgent research focus. However, the traditional pixel-based image analysis methods cannot meet the needs of this development trend. The paper attempts to present an information extraction approach in terms of image segmentation based on an object-oriented algorithm for high-resolution remote sensing images. An aim of the author’ research is to establis...     

Object detection and tracking method of AUV based on acoustic vision

This paper describes a new framework for object detection and tracking of AUV including underwater acoustic data interpolation, underwater acoustic images segmentation and underwater objects tracking. This framework is applied to the design of vision-based method for AUV based on the forward looking sonar sensor. First, the real-time data flow (underwater acoustic images) is pre-processed to form the whole underwater acoustic image, and the relevant position information of objects is extracted and determined. An improved method of double threshold segmentation is proposed to resolve the problem that the threshold cannot be adjusted adaptively in the traditional method. Second, a representation of region information is created in light of the Gaussian particle filter. The weighted integration strategy combining the area and invariant moment is proposed to perfect the weight of particles and to enhance the tracking robustness. Results obtained on the real acoustic vision platform of AUV during sea trials are displayed and discussed. They show that the proposed method can detect and track the moving objects underwater online, and it is effective and robust.