青藏东缘六合—香多镁铁质深源包体的平衡 P-T条件及其指示意义

依据青藏东缘六合-香多镁铁质深源包体中石榴石、辉石、角闪石和斜长石的矿物电子探针成分,采用Grt Cpx温度计（T EG79、T P85、T K88、和 T R2000）、Grt Hbl温度计（T GP84和 T RV2000）和Hbl Pl温度计（T BH90）以及角闪石Al压力计（P Al in Hb l）估算了包体的平衡温压条件。结果表明,石榴透辉岩、石榴斜长角闪岩、石榴角闪岩、斜长角闪岩和角闪石岩包体的平衡温压分别是770～920℃和 0．83～1．50GPa（相当于27～50km深）、730～950℃和 0．85～1．04GPa（相当于28～34km深）、 720～900℃和 0．74～1．32GPa（相当于24～44km深）、512～753℃和 0．71～0．98GPa（相当于23～32km深）以及 0．60～0．84GPa（相当于20～28km深）。前 3类包体主要来自下地壳,平衡温压较高（720～950℃、0．74～1．50GPa）;后 2类包体主要来自中地壳,平衡温压较低（510～735℃、0．60～0．98GPa）。包体的平衡温压条件还暗示了高钾岩浆起源的最小深度在50km以上。     

甘肃敦煌红柳峡地区石榴石斜长角闪岩的变质特征、锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义

甘肃敦煌红柳峡石榴石斜长角闪岩原岩为岛弧拉斑玄武岩,形成于不成熟岛弧.其典型矿物组合为:石榴石(Grt)-角闪石(Amp)-透辉石(Di)-斜长石(Pl),其中较粗大的变斑晶石榴石中通常保存进变质生长环带.根据岩相学和矿物化学研究得出,该区石榴石斜长角闪岩经历了四个变质演化阶段:早期进变质阶段(M1)、变质高峰期阶段(M2)、近等温减压阶段(M3)和晚期降温退变质阶段(M4).M1阶段以石榴石核部成分及其核部包体矿物组合石榴石(Grt Ⅰ)+角闪石(AmpⅠ)+斜长石(Pl Ⅰ)+石英(Qtz)为特征,P-T估算结果为n=550 ～ 600℃,P=0.3 ～0.5GPa;M2阶段以变斑晶石榴石幔部成分(GrtⅡ)及基质中的矿物组合角闪石(AmpⅡ)+透辉石(Di)+斜长石(+PlⅡ)+石英(Qtz)为特征,P-T估算结果为T=650 ～ 780℃,P=0.8 ～0.9GPa;M3阶段的代表性结构为石榴石边缘(GrtⅢ)形成由绿色角闪石(AmpⅢ)和斜长石(PlⅢ)组成的“白眼圈”,该阶段温度估算结果为630 ～ 700℃,压力大幅降低;M4阶段透辉石(Di)开始向角闪石(AmpⅣ)和斜长石(PlⅣ)转化,该阶段压力变化不大,主要是温度的降低.温压估算结果表明,红柳峡石榴石斜长角闪岩完整记录了从早期升温升压的进变质到后来的近等温减压再到最后的降温退变质的一个顺时针的PTt演化轨迹,反映的构造演化历史为:板块俯冲到地壳深部遭受高温变质作用,然后该区出现拉张的构造体制,随之地壳减薄,但是原来处于地壳深部的岩石并未出现大幅度折返和抬升,而是仍然处于原来的深度,慢慢的冷却直至正常的地温梯度.锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,红柳峡石榴石斜长角闪岩原岩的结晶年龄为1611±6Ma,该期年龄代表的构造事件与哥伦比亚超大陆的裂解事件一致,结合前人的研究成果我们推断,塔里木板块可能与哥伦比亚超大陆的裂解有联系,且当时位于塔里木东北缘的敦煌地块还是岛弧的构造环境,后来在中元古代塔里木运动中有一次板块俯冲碰撞事件,引起了一次高级变质作用(高角闪岩相),使当时的基性火山岩变质形成如今含有石榴石的斜长角闪岩.     

西藏羌塘中部猫耳山石榴角闪岩的岩石学、地球化学及年代学研究

青藏高原腹地羌塘地体中部猫耳山增生杂岩内保留有早古生代变质记录，对研究冈瓦纳大陆北缘的早古生代构造格架和演化具有重要意义。猫耳山石榴角闪岩呈透镜状产出于斜长角闪岩内，主要由石榴石、角闪石、单斜辉石、斜长石、白云母、黝帘石、绿泥石、榍石和钛铁矿组成。石榴角闪岩的全岩地球化学分析表明其具有俯冲带上(SSZ型)蛇绿岩特征，与区域内寒武-奥陶纪蛇绿岩残片一致。根据岩相学、矿物化学、相平衡模拟以及锆石定年结果，得出石榴角闪岩的成因及变质过程如下：(1)石榴角闪岩原岩为～477Ma的特提斯洋蛇绿岩残片；(2)在394～383Ma发生麻粒岩相变质过程，峰期变质温压条件为～900℃、～1.55GPa,矿物组合为石榴石+角闪石+透辉石；(3)早期的折返导致其降温降压至～800℃、～1.0GPa,矿物组合为石榴石+角闪石+透辉石+斜长石；(4)进一步的角闪岩相退变质发生于358～348Ma,矿物组合为角闪石+斜长石+透辉石+钛铁矿，在石榴石周围和港湾处形成斜长石+角闪石的后成合晶结构。石榴角闪岩的P-T-t演化轨迹结合区域蛇绿岩和岩浆岩记录，指示早古生代特提斯洋壳俯冲、泥盆纪特提斯洋弧后扩张和石炭纪特提斯...     

藏东南错那县麻玛沟角闪岩相石榴辉石岩成因研究

在藏东南错那县西南约20km的麻玛沟中发现了呈透镜体产出于石榴石矽线石片麻岩中的石榴辉石岩,其矿物组合为石榴石 透辉石 石英 铁角闪石 磁铁矿,并含有锆石、磷灰石等副矿物。石榴石呈他形产出,以铁铝榴石和钙铝榴石端员组分为主,贫镁铝榴石组分,并具成分环带:核部相对富铁铝榴石分子,贫镁铝榴石分子,而边部则相反。透辉石同样富铁、贫镁,Fe2 /(Fe2 Mg)比值一般大于0.6。铁角闪石呈熔蚀状被透辉石和石榴石所包裹,或产出于自形的透辉石颗粒之间,以贫钛为特征。该岩石的全岩成分以SiO2(59%～61%)、Fe2O3(全铁)(18%～19%)、CaO(12%～13%)和Al2O3(5.3%～5.4%)为主。运用石榴石-单斜辉石温压计估算出该岩石石榴石与透辉石的平衡温压条件分别为650～700℃、0.8～1.0GPa。这些特征表明该石榴辉石岩很可能系富铁的斜长角闪岩在中地壳尺度发生脱水所形成的残余。本文研究提供了一个角闪岩相石榴辉石岩的实例。     

冀西北石榴角闪二辉麻粒岩早期高压变质矿物组合的确定及其形成的温压条件——来自锆石中矿物包裹体的信息

采用激光拉曼、阴极发光和电子探针技术,确认冀西北石榴角闪二辉麻粒岩锆石中保存早期高压变质包体矿物组合:石榴石(Grt)+单斜辉石(Cpx)+斜长石(Pl)+石英(Qtz)+金红石(Rt)、单斜辉石(Cpx)+斜长石(Pl)+石英(Qtz)和石榴石(Grt)+单斜辉石(Cpx)+斜长石(Pl)+石英(Qtz)。其中少量锆石具有继承性锆石的核,而多数锆石则形成于高压麻粒岩相变质阶段。利用TWQ方法限定石榴角闪二辉麻粒岩锆石中所保存的高压包体矿物组合的变质温度条件为750～820℃,压力为1.07～1.40 GPa。该项研究成果对于如何识别高压麻粒岩以及深入研究其成因机制均具有重要的科学意义。     

滇西六合地区新生代正长斑岩中深源包体的矿物学特征与成因意义

在云南省鹤庆县六合乡河东村的正长斑岩中产出多种含石榴石的深源包体。文中详细介绍了这些包体的岩相学特征和退变质特征 ,提供了包体中主要造岩矿物的化学成分分析结果。根据包体中的矿物组合及主要造岩矿物的化学成分特征划分出了 5种包体类型 ,并运用单斜辉石地质温压计、角闪石地质压力计和石榴石单斜辉石Fe Mg交换地质温度计计算了包体形成和退变质的温压条件 ,初步确定石榴石透辉岩及石榴辉石岩来源于上地幔 (87～ 95km) ,在快速上升到下地壳时被正长斑岩岩浆捕获 ;石榴石透辉角闪岩、麻粒岩形成于下地壳 (45～ 5 5km ) ,石榴石斜长角闪岩形成于中下地壳 (约 30km) ,为壳源岩石包体。除石榴辉石岩外 ,其余 4种包体均经历了退变质作用。根据它们的显微结构特征、矿物化学特征及温压计算结果 ,划分了两个变质期次 ,构筑了包体形成及退变质作用的 p T轨迹 ,讨论了退变质过程中压力 深度的变化及意义 ,并推断在退变质过程中包体经历了富Na流体的交代作用。     

柴北缘鱼卡河榴辉岩的变质演化——石榴石成分环带及矿物反应结构的证据

柴北缘鱼卡河榴辉岩的典型矿物组合为石榴石-绿辉石-多硅白云母-金红石。其中粗粒石榴石变斑晶普遍保存进变质生长环带,从核部到边部石榴石的化学成分、包体矿物的种类和粒度皆呈现出规律的分带性。岩相学和矿物化学研究进一步表明,该榴辉岩经历了前榴辉岩相、榴辉岩相及后榴辉岩相三个主要变质演化阶段。前榴辉岩相以石榴石核部成分及核部包体矿物组合石榴石(GrtⅠ) 角闪石(AmpⅠ) 斜长石(PⅡ) 石英(Qtz)为特征,P-T 估算结果为450～500℃和0.6～0.7GPa。榴辉岩相变质阶段又可细分为早期、峰期榴辉岩和退变角闪榴辉岩三个亚相。早期榴辉岩亚相以石榴石幔部成分和幔部包体矿物组合石榴石(GrtⅡA) 绿辉石(OmpⅡA) 多硅白云母(PheⅡA)±黝帘石(Zoi) 金红石(Ru)为代表,估算的温压条件为580～640℃和2.4～2.5GPa;峰期榴辉岩相以石榴石的边部(GrtⅡB)及基质中绿辉石(OmpⅡB)和多硅白云母(PheⅡB)的核部为代表,矿物组合为 GrtⅡB OmpⅡB PheⅡB Ru,估算的 P-T 条件为620～680℃和3.0～3.4GPa;退变角闪榴辉岩相以共生的石榴石的最边部(GrtⅡC)、基质绿辉石(OmpⅡC)和多硅白云母(PheⅡC)的边部及镁红闪石(AmpⅡ)组合为代表,矿物组合为 GrtⅡC OmpⅡC AmpⅡ PheⅡC,估算的 P-T 条件为700～720℃和2.3～2.4GPa。后榴辉岩阶段主要为麻粒岩-高角闪岩相,以绿辉石分解形成透辉石 钠长石冠状体以及进一步分解形成韭闪石 斜长石,铁红闪石分解形成浅闪石 斜长石为代表,P-T 估算结果为550～600℃和0.6～1GPa。温压估算结果表明,鱼卡河榴辉岩经历了升温升压—升温降压—降温降压的一个顺时针 P-T 演化轨迹,它记录了从俯冲-超高压变质-抬升的连续的演化过程。峰期变质条件为630～680℃和3.0～3.4GPa,已达超高压变质范畴。榴辉岩中进变质矿物组合和生长环带的保存说明榴辉岩的形成经历了相对快速的俯冲和折返的动力学过程。     

华北东南缘夹沟前寒武纪镁铁质下地壳包体的变质演化和P-T轨迹

华北东南缘中生代闪长斑岩中深源麻粒岩包体或捕掳体属于前寒武纪下地壳岩石。针对石榴斜长角闪岩和石榴麻粒岩两类镁铁质下地壳包体进行详细的野外观察、岩相学观察和矿物的电子探针分析,结果表明石榴子石呈微弱的环带结构,石榴斜长角闪岩中,由核部至边部X_(Mg)为0.25~0.32,逐渐升高;XCa为0.27~0.19,逐渐降低。而在石榴麻粒岩中,由核部至边部XMg和XCa均呈现为逐渐降低,分别为0.25~0.19和0.28~0.17。两类岩石中,以包体形式产出的单斜辉石和基质单斜辉石的核部具有较高的钠和铝含量,基质单斜辉石的边部钠和铝的含量相对较低,斜长石以中长石为主,不同产状的斜长石钙含量变化很大,以包体形式存在的斜长石钙含量较高,其成分为An27Ab70Or3(石榴斜长角闪岩)和An29Ab69Or3(石榴麻粒岩);以基质变斑晶和后成合晶产出的斜长石钙含量较低,分别为An5-36Ab62-95Or0-2和An6-48Ab50-94Or0-1(石榴斜长角闪岩),An5-51Ab48-94Or1-2和An32-79Ab21-68Or0-3(石榴麻粒岩)。不同类型角闪石的钛含量有较大差别:棕色角闪石的钛含量较高,w(TiO2)一般为0.53%~1.44%;而绿色角闪石钛含量较低,w(TiO2)一般为0.03%~0.38%。研究结果证明夹沟镁铁质下地壳包体经历了高压麻粒岩相、低压麻粒岩-高角闪岩相、角闪岩相和绿片岩相变质过程。传统地质温压计限定的前三个变质阶段的温压条件分别为824℃~844℃/1.5GPa~1.9GPa,667℃~730℃/1.0GPa~1.3GPa和609℃~646℃/0.4GPa~0.8GPa,显示近等温减压的顺时针P-T-t轨迹,指示它们形成于晚古元古代板片俯冲或弧-陆碰撞的构造环境。因此,研究区属于胶-辽-吉带的西延并共同构成了华北东部一条古元古代碰撞造山带。     

中大别腹地榴辉岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其类型归属

根据对黄岗-牛凸岭地区榴辉岩样品JS249和JS250的岩相学研究表明,该地区榴辉岩具有明显的高压变质特征,石榴石中包含大量的早期矿物,成分环带显著,其峰期矿物组合主要为Grt+ Omp+ Phn+ Rt+ Qtz+ Ep+ Ky,角闪岩相退变矿物主要为Di+ Mg-Hbl+ Ab+ Prg+ Bt.对样品JS249和JS250温压条件进行计算,样品JS249为T=594±61℃,P=2.58±0.27GPa;样品JS250为T=616±56℃,P=2.14±0.14GPa.同时利用LA-ICPMS以及激光拉曼对这两个样品进行锆石U-Pb年代学研究和锆石包裹体分析,结果显示样品JS249锆石包体主要为角闪石、长石等退变矿物,其加权平均年龄为217.3±3.5Ma,该组年龄代表了角闪岩相退变质年龄;样品JS250锆石包含了石榴石、金红石、绿辉石等峰期矿物包体,其加权平均年龄为235.2±4.2Ma,该年龄应为峰期变质年龄.综合榴辉岩的岩石学、热力学和年代学的研究表明,黄岗-牛凸岭地区应属于低温高压单元,与南大别变质块体类似.     

帕米尔高原沙克达拉穹窿变质作用及新生代下地壳演化

帕米尔高原从西到东展布的8个新生代变质穹窿构成帕米尔高原变质地壳的主体,沙克达拉穹窿是其中最大的一个。沙克达拉穹窿变质杂岩中石榴矽线石片麻岩峰期组合(Grt+Ky+Bi+Rt+Pl+Qz)变质作用温压条件为T约810 ℃/P约10 kbar, 石榴石单斜辉石基性麻粒岩峰期组合(Grt+Cpx+Rt+Pl+Qz)变质作用温压条件为T约824 ℃/P约16.3 kbar, 榴闪岩退变较强,其残留峰期组合(Grt+Pl+Hbl+ilm+Qz)变质作用温压条件为T约683 ℃～873 ℃/P约8.6～11.7 kbar。基性麻粒岩变质锆石的U-Pb年龄为19～35 Ma,反映了从晚始新世到早中新世帕米尔高原下地壳加热加厚过程。帕米尔穹窿的变质作用可以与高喜马拉雅结晶岩系类比,在新生代印度亚洲大陆碰撞过程中,帕米尔陆内各地体沿前新生代缝合带的陆内俯冲可能是帕米尔下地壳加厚的主要动因。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861